-- https://stackoverflow.com/a/25594410
local function bitxor(a,b)
    local p,c=1,0
    while a>0 and b>0 do
        local ra,rb=a%2,b%2
        if ra~=rb then c=c+p end
        a,b,p=(a-ra)/2,(b-rb)/2,p*2
    end
    if a<b then a=b end
    while a>0 do
        local ra=a%2
        if ra>0 then c=c+p end
        a,p=(a-ra)/2,p*2
    end
    return c
end

local function bitor(a,b)
    local p,c=1,0
    while a+b>0 do
        local ra,rb=a%2,b%2
        if ra+rb>0 then c=c+p end
        a,b,p=(a-ra)/2,(b-rb)/2,p*2
    end
    return c
end

-- https://stackoverflow.com/a/32387452
local function bitand(a, b)
	local result = 0
	local bitval = 1
	while a > 0 and b > 0 do
	  if a % 2 == 1 and b % 2 == 1 then -- test the rightmost bits
		  result = result + bitval      -- set the current bit
	  end
	  bitval = bitval * 2 -- shift left
	  a = math.floor(a/2) -- shift right
	  b = math.floor(b/2)
	end
	return result
end

-- https://gist.github.com/mebens/938502
local function rshift(x, by)
	return math.floor(x / 2 ^ by)
end

local function lshift(x, by)
    return x * 2 ^ by
end

-- big-endian uint64 of a number
function otp.write_uint64_be(v)
	local b1 = bitand( rshift(v, 56), 0xFF )
	local b2 = bitand( rshift(v, 48), 0xFF )
	local b3 = bitand( rshift(v, 40), 0xFF )
	local b4 = bitand( rshift(v, 32), 0xFF )
	local b5 = bitand( rshift(v, 24), 0xFF )
	local b6 = bitand( rshift(v, 16), 0xFF )
	local b7 = bitand( rshift(v, 8), 0xFF )
	local b8 = bitand( rshift(v, 0), 0xFF )
	return string.char(b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8)
end

-- prepare paddings
-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC
local i_pad = ""
local o_pad = ""
for _=1,64 do
    i_pad = i_pad .. string.char(0x36)
    o_pad = o_pad .. string.char(0x5c)
end

-- hmac generation
function otp.hmac(key, message)
    local i_key_pad = ""
    for i=1,64 do
        i_key_pad = i_key_pad .. string.char(bitxor(string.byte(key, i) or 0x00, string.byte(i_pad, i)))
    end
    assert(#i_key_pad == 64)

    local o_key_pad = ""
    for i=1,64 do
        o_key_pad = o_key_pad .. string.char(bitxor(string.byte(key, i) or 0x00, string.byte(o_pad, i)))
    end
    assert(#o_key_pad == 64)

    -- concat message
    local first_msg = i_key_pad
    for i=1,#message do
        first_msg = first_msg .. string.char(string.byte(message, i))
    end
    assert(#first_msg == 64+8)

    -- hash first message
    local hash_sum_1 = minetest.sha1(first_msg, true)
    assert(#hash_sum_1 == 20)

    -- concat first message to second
    local second_msg = o_key_pad
    for i=1,#hash_sum_1 do
        second_msg = second_msg .. string.char(string.byte(hash_sum_1, i))
    end
    assert(#second_msg == 64+20)

    local hmac = minetest.sha1(second_msg, true)
    assert(#hmac == 20)

    return hmac
end

local function left_pad(str, s, len)
    while #str < len do
        str = s .. str
    end
    return str
end

function otp.generate_totp(key, unix_time)
    unix_time = unix_time or os.time()

    local tx = 30
    local ct = math.floor(unix_time / tx)
    local counter = otp.write_uint64_be(ct)
    local valid_seconds = ((ct * tx) + tx) - unix_time

    local hmac = otp.hmac(key, counter)

    -- https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4226#section-5.4
    local offset = bitand(string.byte(hmac, #hmac), 0xF)
    local value = 0
    value = bitor(value, string.byte(hmac, offset+4))
    value = bitor(value, lshift(string.byte(hmac, offset+3), 8))
    value = bitor(value, lshift(string.byte(hmac, offset+2), 16))
    value = bitor(value, lshift(bitand(string.byte(hmac, offset+1), 0x7F), 24))
    local code = value % 10^6
    local padded_code = left_pad("" .. code, "0", 6)

    return padded_code, valid_seconds
end

function otp.create_qr_png(data)
    local pixel_size = 3
    local height = pixel_size * #data
    local width = height

    local png_data = {}
    for _, row in ipairs(data) do
        assert(#row == #data)
        for _=1,pixel_size do
            for _, v in ipairs(row) do
                for _=1,pixel_size do
                    if v > 0 then
                        table.insert(png_data, 0xFF000000)
                    else
                        table.insert(png_data, 0xFFFFFFFF)
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    end
    assert(#png_data == width*height)

    return minetest.encode_png(width, height, png_data, 2)
end

function otp.generate_secret()
    local buf = minetest.sha1("" .. math.random(10000), true)
    local s = ""
    for i=1,20 do
        s = s .. string.char(string.byte(buf, i))
    end
    return s
end