nnn/README.md
Arun Prakash Jana b3f7575ef0
Update help
2019-01-31 22:56:00 +05:30

19 KiB

nnn

Noice is Not Noice, a noicer fork...

Latest release Homebrew Arch Linux Debian Buster+ Fedora 27+ openSUSE Leap 15.0+ Ubuntu Artful+

Availability Build Status License

nnn video

nnn in action! (Thanks Luke Smith for the video!)

nnn is smooth... like butter. It's also probably the fastest and most lightweight file manager you have ever used.

nnn integrates seamlessly with your DE and favourite GUI utilities, has a unique navigate-as-you-type mode with auto-select, disk usage analyzer mode, bookmarks, contexts, application launcher, familiar navigation shortcuts, subshell spawning, quick notes and much more.

Integrate utilities like sxiv (image preview) or fzy (fuzzy subtree search) easily, transfer selected files using lftp or use it as a (neo)vim plugin; nnn supports as many scripts as you need! Refer to the How to section on wiki for more details.

It runs on Linux, macOS, Raspberry Pi, BSD, Cygwin, Linux subsystem for Windows and Termux.

Quickstart and see how nnn simplifies those long desktop sessions.

Love smart and efficient utilities? Explore my repositories. Buy me a cup of coffee if they help you.

Donate via PayPal!

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURES

  • Modes
    • Basic, detail (default), disk usage analyzer (du)
    • File picker, vim (or neovim) plugin
  • Navigation
    • Familiar, easy shortcuts (arrows, ~, -, &)
    • Navigate-as-you-type with auto-select directory
    • Contexts (aka tabs aka workspaces)
    • Bookmarks
    • Pin and visit a directory
  • Sorting
    • Directories always listed on top
    • Sort by file name, modification time, size
    • Numeric order for numeric names (visit /proc)
  • Search
    • Instant filtering with search-as-you-type
    • Regex and substring match
  • Mimes
    • Open with desktop opener or specify a custom app
    • Create, list, extract archives (needs (p)atool)
    • Open all text files in EDITOR (optional)
  • Information
    • Detailed stat-like file information
    • Media information (needs mediainfo/exiftool)
  • Convenience
    • Create, rename files and directories
    • Select files across dirs; all/range selection
    • Copy, move, delete, archive selection
    • Create sym/hard link(s) to selection
    • Transfer files using lftp
    • Batch rename/move/delete (needs vidir)
    • Show directories in custom color (default: blue)
    • Per-context directory color
    • Spawn a subshell in the current directory
    • Run a command, launch applications
    • Run custom scripts in the current directory
    • Repository of custom scripts
    • Run current file as executable
    • Change directory at exit (easy shell integration)
    • Edit file in EDITOR or open in PAGER
    • Take quick notes
    • Terminal locker integration
    • Shortcut reference a keypress away
  • Unicode support
  • Highly optimized, static analysis integrated code
  • Available on many distros

COMPARISON

Stripped binary (or script) size and memory usage of nnn and some other similar utilities while viewing a directory with 13.5K files (0 directories), sorted by size/du:

BINSZ    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %MEM   COMMAND
 650K  139720  91220   8460 S   1.1   ranger
   1M   50496  15328   4076 S   0.2   vifm
   1M   72152  12468   7336 S   0.2   mc
  70K   16068   4620   2408 S   0.1   ncdu
  55K   15740   4348   2460 S   0.1   nnn -S

Intrigued? Find out HOW.

INSTALLATION

Dependencies

nnn needs a curses library with wide character support (like ncursesw), libreadline and standard libc.

From a package manager

Release packages

Packages for Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, Solus, and Ubuntu are available with the latest stable release.

From source

To cook yourself, download the latest stable release or clone this repository (risky). Then install the dependencies and compile (e.g. on Ubuntu 16.04):

$ sudo apt-get install pkg-config libncursesw5-dev libreadline6-dev
$ make
$ sudo make install

PREFIX is supported, in case you want to install to a different location.

Shell completion

Search keyword and option completion scripts for Bash, Fish and Zsh can be found in respective subdirectories of scripts/auto-completion/. Please refer to your shell's manual for installation instructions.

USAGE

Cmdline options

usage: nnn [-b key] [-C] [-e] [-i] [-l]
           [-p file] [-S] [-v] [-h] [PATH]

The missing terminal file manager for X.

positional args:
  PATH   start dir [default: current dir]

optional args:
 -b key  open bookmark key
 -C      disable directory color
 -e      use exiftool for media info
 -i      nav-as-you-type mode
 -l      light mode
 -p file selection file (stdout if '-')
 -S      disk usage mode
 -v      show version
 -h      show help

> indicates the currently selected entry in nnn.

Keyboard shortcuts

Press ? in nnn to see the list anytime.

 NAVIGATION
          ↑ k  Up          PgUp ^U  Scroll up
          ↓ j  Down        PgDn ^D  Scroll down
          ← h  Parent dir        ~  Go HOME
        ↵ → l  Open file/dir     &  Start dir
    Home g ^A  First entry       -  Last visited dir
     End G ^E  Last entry        .  Toggle show hidden
            /  Filter       Ins ^T  Toggle nav-as-you-type
            b  Pin current dir  ^B  Go to pinned dir
       Tab ^I  Next context      d  Toggle detail view
         ` ^/  Leader key  N LeadN  Go to/create context N
          Esc  Exit prompt      ^L  Redraw/clear prompt
           ^G  Quit and cd       q  Quit context
         Q ^Q  Quit              ?  Help, config
 FILES
           ^O  Open with...      n  Create new/link
            D  File details     ^R  Rename entry
         ⎵ ^K  Copy entry path   r  Open dir in vidir
           ^Y  Toggle selection  y  List selection
            Y  Select all
            P  Copy selection    X  Delete selection
            V  Move selection   ^X  Delete entry
            f  Archive files   m M  Brief/full media info
           ^F  Extract archive   F  List archive
            e  Edit in EDITOR    p  Open in PAGER
 ORDER TOGGLES
           ^J  Disk usage        S  Apparent du
            t  Time modified     s  Size
 MISC
         ! ^]  Spawn SHELL       C  Execute entry
         R ^V  Run/pick script   L  Lock terminal
           ^P  Command prompt   ^N  Take note

Help & settings, file details, media info and archive listing are shown in the PAGER. Please use the PAGER-specific keys in these screens.

Leader key

The Leader key (` or ^/) provides a powerful multi-functional navigation mechanism. It is case-sensitive and understands contexts, bookmarks and handy location shortcuts.

Key Function
1-4 Go to/create selected context
>, . Go to next active context
<, , Go to previous active context
key Go to bookmarked location
~ Go to HOME directory
- Go to last visited directory
& Go to start directory
q Quit context

Contexts

Contexts serve the purpose of exploring multiple directories simultaneously. 4 contexts are available. The status of the contexts are shown in the top left corner:

  • the current context is in reverse
  • other used contexts are underlined
  • rest are unused

To switch to a context press the Leader key followed by the context number (1-4).

The first time a context is entered, it copies the state of the last visited context. Each context remembers its start directory and last visited directory.

When a context is quit, the next active context is selected. If the last active context is quit, the program quits.

Context-specific color

Each context can have its own color for directories specified:

export NNN_CONTEXT_COLORS='1234'

colors: 0-black, 1-red, 2-green, 3-yellow, 4-blue (default), 5-magenta, 6-cyan, 7-white

Selection

Use ^K to copy the absolute path of the file under the cursor.

To copy multiple absolute file paths:

  • press ^Y (or Y) to enter selection mode. In this mode it's possible to
    • cherry-pick individual files one by one by pressing ^K on each entry (works across directories and contexts); or,
    • navigate to another file in the same directory to select a range of files
  • press ^Y (or Y) again to copy the paths and exit the selection mode

The files in the list can now be copied (P), moved (V) or removed (X).

To list the file paths copied to memory press y.

File paths are copied to the temporary file DIR/.nnncp, where DIR (by priority) is:

$HOME or,
$TMPDIR or,
/tmp

The path is shown in the help and configuration screen.

Filters

Filters support regexes by default to instantly (search-as-you-type) list the matching entries in the current directory.

Common use cases:

  • to list all matches starting with the filter expression, start the expression with a ^ (caret) symbol
  • type \.mkv to list all MKV files
  • use .* to match any character (sort of fuzzy search)

To filter entries by substring match:

export NNN_PLAIN_FILTER=1

If nnn is invoked as root or the environment variable NNN_SHOW_HIDDEN is set the default filter will also match hidden files.

Navigate-as-you-type

In this mode directories are opened in filter mode, allowing continuous navigation. Works best with the arrow keys.

In case of only one match and it's a directory, nnn auto selects the directory and enters it in this mode. To disable this behaviour,

export NNN_NO_AUTOSELECT=1

File indicators

The following indicators are used in the detail view:

Indicator File Type
/ Directory
* Executable
| Fifo
= Socket
@ Symbolic Link
@/ Symbolic Link to directory
b Block Device
c Character Device
? Unknown

Utility dependencies

External dependency Operation
xdg-open (Linux), open(1) (macOS), cygstart (Cygwin) desktop opener
file determine file type
cp, mv, rm, xargs (from findutils on Linux) copy, move and remove files
mediainfo, exiftool multimedia file details
atool, patool (integration) create, list and extract archives
vidir (from moreutils) batch rename, move, delete dir entries
vlock (Linux), bashlock (macOS), lock(1) (BSD) terminal locker
$EDITOR (overridden by $VISUAL, if defined) edit files (fallback vi)
$PAGER page through files (fallback less)
$SHELL spawn a shell, run script (fallback sh)

To specify a custom file opener:

export NNN_OPENER=mimeopen

To edit all text files in EDITOR (preferably CLI, fallback vi):

export NNN_USE_EDITOR=1

Arguments to the $PAGER and $SHELL should be combined together.

The option open with takes 1 combined argument.

Configuration

nnn supports the following environment variables for configuration.

Example export Description
NNN_BMS='d:~/Documents;D:~/Docs archive/' specify bookmarks (max 10)
NNN_OPENER=mimeopen custom file opener
NNN_CONTEXT_COLORS='1234' specify per context color [default: '4444' (all blue)]
NNN_IDLE_TIMEOUT=300 idle time to lock terminal [default: disabled]
NNN_COPIER='copier.sh' system clipboard copier script [default: none]
NNN_SCRIPT=/home/user/scripts[/script.sh] path to script dir or a single script
NNN_NOTE=/home/user/Dropbox/Public/notes path to note file [default: none]
NNN_TMPFILE=/tmp/nnn file to write current open dir path to for cd on quit
NNN_USE_EDITOR=1 Open text files in $EDITOR ($VISUAL, if defined; fallback vi)
NNN_SHOW_HIDDEN=1 show hidden (.) files [default: do not show hidden if not root ]
NNN_NO_AUTOSELECT=1 do not auto-select matching dir in _nav-as-you-type` mode
NNN_RESTRICT_NAV_OPEN=1 open files on , not or l
NNN_RESTRICT_0B=1 do not open 0-byte files
NNN_PLAIN_FILTER=1 use substring match in filer mode [default: regex]

Help

$ nnn -h
$ man nnn

To lookup keyboard shortcuts at runtime, press ?.

QUICKSTART

  1. Install the utilities required for your regular activities.

  2. Configure cd on quit.

  3. Optionally open all text files in EDITOR (fallback vi):

    export NNN_USE_EDITOR=1
    
  4. Run n.

  5. Press ? for help on keyboard shortcuts anytime.

  6. For additional functionality setup custom scripts.

HOW TO

Please visit the How to wiki page.

WHY FORK?

nnn was initially forked from noice but is significantly different today. I chose to fork because:

  • one can argue my approach deviates from the goal of the original project - keep the utility suckless. noice was rudimentary. In my opinion evolution is the taste of time.
  • I would like to have a bit of control on what features are added in the name of desktop integration. A feature-bloat is the last thing in my mind. Check out nnn design considerations for more details.

MENTIONS

DEVELOPERS

  1. Copyright © 2014-2016 Lazaros Koromilas
  2. Copyright © 2014-2016 Dimitris Papastamos
  3. Copyright © 2016-2019 Arun Prakash Jana

CONTRIBUTIONS

We need contributors. Please visit the ToDo list.