diff --git a/include/sway/layout.h b/include/sway/layout.h
index bfd96a026..af5614531 100644
--- a/include/sway/layout.h
+++ b/include/sway/layout.h
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ struct sway_root {
 	struct wlr_output_layout *output_layout;
 
 	struct wl_listener output_layout_change;
+
+	struct wl_list unmanaged_views; // sway_view::unmanaged_view_link
 };
 
 void init_layout(void);
diff --git a/include/sway/view.h b/include/sway/view.h
index 900bd296f..08c5480b6 100644
--- a/include/sway/view.h
+++ b/include/sway/view.h
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ struct sway_xwayland_surface {
 	struct wl_listener request_resize;
 	struct wl_listener request_maximize;
 	struct wl_listener request_configure;
+	struct wl_listener unmap_notify;
+	struct wl_listener map_notify;
 	struct wl_listener destroy;
 
 	int pending_width, pending_height;
@@ -91,6 +93,9 @@ struct sway_view {
 				double ox, double oy);
 		void (*set_activated)(struct sway_view *view, bool activated);
 	} iface;
+
+	// only used for unmanaged views (shell specific)
+	struct wl_list unmanaged_view_link; // sway_root::unmanaged views
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/sway/desktop/output.c b/sway/desktop/output.c
index 2b428c30b..0f00222b3 100644
--- a/sway/desktop/output.c
+++ b/sway/desktop/output.c
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <wayland-server.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_output.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_surface.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_wl_shell.h>
 #include <wlr/render.h>
 #include <wlr/render/matrix.h>
 #include "log.h"
@@ -15,76 +17,198 @@
 #include "sway/input/input-manager.h"
 #include "sway/input/seat.h"
 
+/**
+ * Rotate a child's position relative to a parent. The parent size is (pw, ph),
+ * the child position is (*sx, *sy) and its size is (sw, sh).
+ */
+static void rotate_child_position(double *sx, double *sy, double sw, double sh,
+		double pw, double ph, float rotation) {
+	if (rotation != 0.0) {
+		// Coordinates relative to the center of the subsurface
+		double ox = *sx - pw/2 + sw/2,
+			oy = *sy - ph/2 + sh/2;
+		// Rotated coordinates
+		double rx = cos(-rotation)*ox - sin(-rotation)*oy,
+			ry = cos(-rotation)*oy + sin(-rotation)*ox;
+		*sx = rx + pw/2 - sw/2;
+		*sy = ry + ph/2 - sh/2;
+	}
+}
+
+static void render_surface(struct wlr_surface *surface,
+		struct wlr_output *wlr_output, struct timespec *when,
+		double lx, double ly, float rotation) {
+	if (!wlr_surface_has_buffer(surface)) {
+		return;
+	}
+	struct wlr_output_layout *layout = root_container.sway_root->output_layout;
+	int width = surface->current->width;
+	int height = surface->current->height;
+	int render_width = width * wlr_output->scale;
+	int render_height = height * wlr_output->scale;
+	double ox = lx, oy = ly;
+	wlr_output_layout_output_coords(layout, wlr_output, &ox, &oy);
+	ox *= wlr_output->scale;
+	oy *= wlr_output->scale;
+
+	struct wlr_box render_box = {
+		.x = lx, .y = ly,
+		.width = render_width, .height = render_height,
+	};
+	if (wlr_output_layout_intersects(layout, wlr_output, &render_box)) {
+		float matrix[16];
+
+		float translate_center[16];
+		wlr_matrix_translate(&translate_center,
+			(int)ox + render_width / 2, (int)oy + render_height / 2, 0);
+
+		float rotate[16];
+		wlr_matrix_rotate(&rotate, rotation);
+
+		float translate_origin[16];
+		wlr_matrix_translate(&translate_origin, -render_width / 2,
+			-render_height / 2, 0);
+
+		float scale[16];
+		wlr_matrix_scale(&scale, render_width, render_height, 1);
+
+		float transform[16];
+		wlr_matrix_mul(&translate_center, &rotate, &transform);
+		wlr_matrix_mul(&transform, &translate_origin, &transform);
+		wlr_matrix_mul(&transform, &scale, &transform);
+
+		if (surface->current->transform != WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_NORMAL) {
+			float surface_translate_center[16];
+			wlr_matrix_translate(&surface_translate_center, 0.5, 0.5, 0);
+
+			float surface_transform[16];
+			wlr_matrix_transform(surface_transform,
+				wlr_output_transform_invert(surface->current->transform));
+
+			float surface_translate_origin[16];
+			wlr_matrix_translate(&surface_translate_origin, -0.5, -0.5, 0);
+
+			wlr_matrix_mul(&transform, &surface_translate_center,
+				&transform);
+			wlr_matrix_mul(&transform, &surface_transform, &transform);
+			wlr_matrix_mul(&transform, &surface_translate_origin,
+				&transform);
+		}
+
+		wlr_matrix_mul(&wlr_output->transform_matrix, &transform, &matrix);
+
+		wlr_render_with_matrix(server.renderer, surface->texture,
+			&matrix);
+
+		wlr_surface_send_frame_done(surface, when);
+	}
+
+	struct wlr_subsurface *subsurface;
+	wl_list_for_each(subsurface, &surface->subsurface_list, parent_link) {
+		struct wlr_surface_state *state = subsurface->surface->current;
+		double sx = state->subsurface_position.x;
+		double sy = state->subsurface_position.y;
+		double sw = state->buffer_width / state->scale;
+		double sh = state->buffer_height / state->scale;
+		rotate_child_position(&sx, &sy, sw, sh, width, height, rotation);
+
+		render_surface(subsurface->surface, wlr_output, when,
+			lx + sx,
+			ly + sy,
+			rotation);
+	}
+}
+
+static void render_xdg_v6_popups(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface,
+		struct wlr_output *wlr_output, struct timespec *when, double base_x,
+		double base_y, float rotation) {
+	double width = surface->surface->current->width;
+	double height = surface->surface->current->height;
+
+	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *popup;
+	wl_list_for_each(popup, &surface->popups, popup_link) {
+		if (!popup->configured) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		double popup_width = popup->surface->current->width;
+		double popup_height = popup->surface->current->height;
+
+		double popup_sx, popup_sy;
+		wlr_xdg_surface_v6_popup_get_position(popup, &popup_sx, &popup_sy);
+		rotate_child_position(&popup_sx, &popup_sy, popup_width, popup_height,
+			width, height, rotation);
+
+		render_surface(popup->surface, wlr_output, when,
+			base_x + popup_sx, base_y + popup_sy, rotation);
+		render_xdg_v6_popups(popup, wlr_output, when,
+			base_x + popup_sx, base_y + popup_sy, rotation);
+	}
+}
+
+static void render_wl_shell_surface(struct wlr_wl_shell_surface *surface,
+		struct wlr_output *wlr_output, struct timespec *when,
+		double lx, double ly, float rotation,
+		bool is_child) {
+	if (is_child || surface->state != WLR_WL_SHELL_SURFACE_STATE_POPUP) {
+		render_surface(surface->surface, wlr_output, when,
+			lx, ly, rotation);
+
+		double width = surface->surface->current->width;
+		double height = surface->surface->current->height;
+
+		struct wlr_wl_shell_surface *popup;
+		wl_list_for_each(popup, &surface->popups, popup_link) {
+			double popup_width = popup->surface->current->width;
+			double popup_height = popup->surface->current->height;
+
+			double popup_x = popup->transient_state->x;
+			double popup_y = popup->transient_state->y;
+			rotate_child_position(&popup_x, &popup_y, popup_width, popup_height,
+				width, height, rotation);
+
+			render_wl_shell_surface(popup, wlr_output, when,
+				lx + popup_x, ly + popup_y, rotation, true);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
 static void output_frame_view(swayc_t *view, void *data) {
 	struct sway_output *output = data;
 	struct wlr_output *wlr_output = output->wlr_output;
 	struct sway_view *sway_view = view->sway_view;
 	struct wlr_surface *surface = sway_view->surface;
-	if (!wlr_surface_has_buffer(surface)) {
+
+	if (!surface) {
 		return;
 	}
-	// TODO
-	// - Deal with wlr_output_layout
-	int width = sway_view->surface->current->width;
-	int height = sway_view->surface->current->height;
-	int render_width = width * wlr_output->scale;
-	int render_height = height * wlr_output->scale;
-	double ox = view->x, oy = view->y;
-	// TODO
-	//wlr_output_layout_output_coords(desktop->layout, wlr_output, &ox, &oy);
-	ox *= wlr_output->scale;
-	oy *= wlr_output->scale;
-	// TODO
-	//if (wlr_output_layout_intersects(desktop->layout, wlr_output,
-	//		lx, ly, lx + render_width, ly + render_height)) {
-	//		return;
-	//}
 
-	// if the shell specifies window geometry, make the top left corner of the
-	// window in the top left corner of the container to avoid arbitrarily
-	// sized gaps based on the attached buffer size
-	int window_offset_x = 0;
-	int window_offset_y = 0;
-
-	if (view->sway_view->type == SWAY_XDG_SHELL_V6_VIEW) {
-		window_offset_x = view->sway_view->wlr_xdg_surface_v6->geometry->x;
-		window_offset_y = view->sway_view->wlr_xdg_surface_v6->geometry->y;
+	switch (sway_view->type) {
+	case SWAY_XDG_SHELL_V6_VIEW: {
+		int window_offset_x = view->sway_view->wlr_xdg_surface_v6->geometry->x;
+		int window_offset_y = view->sway_view->wlr_xdg_surface_v6->geometry->y;
+		render_surface(surface, wlr_output, &output->last_frame,
+			view->x - window_offset_x,
+			view->y - window_offset_y,
+			0);
+		render_xdg_v6_popups(sway_view->wlr_xdg_surface_v6, wlr_output,
+			&output->last_frame,
+			view->x - window_offset_x, view->y - window_offset_y,
+			0);
+		break;
+	}
+	case SWAY_WL_SHELL_VIEW:
+		render_wl_shell_surface(sway_view->wlr_wl_shell_surface, wlr_output,
+			&output->last_frame, view->x, view->y, 0, false);
+		break;
+	case SWAY_XWAYLAND_VIEW:
+		render_surface(surface, wlr_output, &output->last_frame, view->x,
+			view->y, 0);
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
 	}
-
-	// TODO
-	double rotation = 0;
-	float matrix[16];
-
-	float translate_origin[16];
-	wlr_matrix_translate(&translate_origin,
-		(int)ox + render_width / 2 - window_offset_x,
-		(int)oy + render_height / 2 - window_offset_y,
-		0);
-
-	float rotate[16];
-	wlr_matrix_rotate(&rotate, rotation);
-
-	float translate_center[16];
-	wlr_matrix_translate(&translate_center,
-		-render_width / 2,
-		-render_height / 2, 0);
-
-	float scale[16];
-	wlr_matrix_scale(&scale, render_width, render_height, 1);
-
-	float transform[16];
-	wlr_matrix_mul(&translate_origin, &rotate, &transform);
-	wlr_matrix_mul(&transform, &translate_center, &transform);
-	wlr_matrix_mul(&transform, &scale, &transform);
-	wlr_matrix_mul(&wlr_output->transform_matrix, &transform, &matrix);
-
-	wlr_render_with_matrix(output->server->renderer, surface->texture, &matrix);
-
-	// TODO: move into wlroots
-	struct timespec now;
-	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
-
-	wlr_surface_send_frame_done(surface, &now);
 }
 
 static void output_frame_notify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
@@ -92,18 +216,30 @@ static void output_frame_notify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct wlr_output *wlr_output = data;
 	struct sway_server *server = soutput->server;
 
-	struct timespec now;
-	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
-
 	wlr_output_make_current(wlr_output);
 	wlr_renderer_begin(server->renderer, wlr_output);
 
 	swayc_descendants_of_type(
 			&root_container, C_VIEW, output_frame_view, soutput);
 
+	// render unmanaged views on top
+	struct sway_view *view;
+	wl_list_for_each(view, &root_container.sway_root->unmanaged_views,
+			unmanaged_view_link) {
+		if (view->type == SWAY_XWAYLAND_VIEW) {
+			// the only kind of unamanged view right now is xwayland override redirect
+			int view_x = view->wlr_xwayland_surface->x;
+			int view_y = view->wlr_xwayland_surface->y;
+			render_surface(view->surface, wlr_output, &soutput->last_frame,
+					view_x, view_y, 0);
+		}
+	}
+
 	wlr_renderer_end(server->renderer);
 	wlr_output_swap_buffers(wlr_output);
 
+	struct timespec now;
+	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 	soutput->last_frame = now;
 }
 
diff --git a/sway/desktop/wl_shell.c b/sway/desktop/wl_shell.c
index 345a1398c..e34f51608 100644
--- a/sway/desktop/wl_shell.c
+++ b/sway/desktop/wl_shell.c
@@ -77,11 +77,13 @@ void handle_wl_shell_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 			listener, server, wl_shell_surface);
 	struct wlr_wl_shell_surface *shell_surface = data;
 
-	if (shell_surface->state != WLR_WL_SHELL_SURFACE_STATE_TOPLEVEL) {
-		// TODO: transient and popups should be floating
+	if (shell_surface->state == WLR_WL_SHELL_SURFACE_STATE_POPUP) {
+		// popups don't get views
 		return;
 	}
 
+	// TODO make transient windows floating
+
 	wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "New wl_shell toplevel title='%s' app_id='%s'",
 			shell_surface->title, shell_surface->class);
 	wlr_wl_shell_surface_ping(shell_surface);
diff --git a/sway/desktop/xwayland.c b/sway/desktop/xwayland.c
index 43bb2e006..a4d9687d4 100644
--- a/sway/desktop/xwayland.c
+++ b/sway/desktop/xwayland.c
@@ -93,13 +93,68 @@ static void handle_commit(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 static void handle_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_xwayland_surface *sway_surface =
 		wl_container_of(listener, sway_surface, destroy);
+	struct wlr_xwayland_surface *xsurface = data;
 	wl_list_remove(&sway_surface->commit.link);
 	wl_list_remove(&sway_surface->destroy.link);
 	wl_list_remove(&sway_surface->request_configure.link);
+	if (xsurface->override_redirect) {
+		if (xsurface->mapped) {
+			wl_list_remove(&sway_surface->view->unmanaged_view_link);
+		}
+	}
+
 	swayc_t *parent = destroy_view(sway_surface->view->swayc);
+	if (parent) {
+		arrange_windows(parent, -1, -1);
+	}
+
 	free(sway_surface->view);
 	free(sway_surface);
-	arrange_windows(parent, -1, -1);
+}
+
+static void handle_unmap_notify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct sway_xwayland_surface *sway_surface =
+		wl_container_of(listener, sway_surface, unmap_notify);
+	struct wlr_xwayland_surface *xsurface = data;
+	if (xsurface->override_redirect) {
+		wl_list_remove(&sway_surface->view->unmanaged_view_link);
+	}
+
+	// take it out of the tree
+	swayc_t *parent = destroy_view(sway_surface->view->swayc);
+	if (parent) {
+		arrange_windows(parent, -1, -1);
+	}
+
+	sway_surface->view->swayc = NULL;
+	sway_surface->view->surface = NULL;
+}
+
+static void handle_map_notify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	// TODO put the view back into the tree
+	struct sway_xwayland_surface *sway_surface =
+		wl_container_of(listener, sway_surface, map_notify);
+	struct wlr_xwayland_surface *xsurface = data;
+
+	sway_surface->view->surface = xsurface->surface;
+
+	// put it back into the tree
+	if (xsurface->override_redirect) {
+		wl_list_insert(&root_container.sway_root->unmanaged_views,
+			&sway_surface->view->unmanaged_view_link);
+	} else {
+		struct sway_view *view = sway_surface->view;
+		destroy_view(view->swayc);
+
+		swayc_t *parent = root_container.children->items[0];
+		parent = parent->children->items[0]; // workspace
+
+		swayc_t *cont = new_view(parent, view);
+		view->swayc = cont;
+
+		arrange_windows(cont->parent, -1, -1);
+		sway_input_manager_set_focus(input_manager, cont);
+	}
 }
 
 static void handle_configure_request(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
@@ -119,11 +174,6 @@ void handle_xwayland_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 			listener, server, xwayland_surface);
 	struct wlr_xwayland_surface *xsurface = data;
 
-	if (xsurface->override_redirect) {
-		// TODO: floating popups
-		return;
-	}
-
 	wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "New xwayland surface title='%s' class='%s'",
 			xsurface->title, xsurface->class);
 
@@ -144,26 +194,37 @@ void handle_xwayland_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	sway_view->iface.set_activated = set_activated;
 	sway_view->wlr_xwayland_surface = xsurface;
 	sway_view->sway_xwayland_surface = sway_surface;
-	// TODO remove from the tree when the surface goes away (unmapped)
 	sway_view->surface = xsurface->surface;
 	sway_surface->view = sway_view;
 
 	// TODO:
-	// - Wire up listeners
-	// - Handle popups
 	// - Look up pid and open on appropriate workspace
 	// - Set new view to maximized so it behaves nicely
 	// - Criteria
 
-	sway_surface->commit.notify = handle_commit;
 	wl_signal_add(&xsurface->surface->events.commit, &sway_surface->commit);
-	sway_surface->destroy.notify = handle_destroy;
+	sway_surface->commit.notify = handle_commit;
+
 	wl_signal_add(&xsurface->events.destroy, &sway_surface->destroy);
-	sway_surface->request_configure.notify = handle_configure_request;
+	sway_surface->destroy.notify = handle_destroy;
+
 	wl_signal_add(&xsurface->events.request_configure,
 		&sway_surface->request_configure);
+	sway_surface->request_configure.notify = handle_configure_request;
+
+	wl_signal_add(&xsurface->events.unmap_notify, &sway_surface->unmap_notify);
+	sway_surface->unmap_notify.notify = handle_unmap_notify;
+
+	wl_signal_add(&xsurface->events.map_notify, &sway_surface->map_notify);
+	sway_surface->map_notify.notify = handle_map_notify;
+
+	if (xsurface->override_redirect) {
+		// these don't get a container in the tree
+		wl_list_insert(&root_container.sway_root->unmanaged_views,
+			&sway_view->unmanaged_view_link);
+		return;
+	}
 
-	// TODO: actual focus semantics
 	swayc_t *parent = root_container.children->items[0];
 	parent = parent->children->items[0]; // workspace
 
diff --git a/sway/input/cursor.c b/sway/input/cursor.c
index c51b59f99..e6a4eca8a 100644
--- a/sway/input/cursor.c
+++ b/sway/input/cursor.c
@@ -24,6 +24,31 @@ static void cursor_send_pointer_motion(struct sway_cursor *cursor,
 	struct wlr_seat *seat = cursor->seat->wlr_seat;
 	struct wlr_surface *surface = NULL;
 	double sx, sy;
+
+	// check for unmanaged views first
+	struct sway_view *view;
+	wl_list_for_each_reverse(view, &root_container.sway_root->unmanaged_views,
+		unmanaged_view_link) {
+		if (view->type == SWAY_XWAYLAND_VIEW) {
+			struct wlr_xwayland_surface *xsurface = view->wlr_xwayland_surface;
+			struct wlr_box box = {
+				.x = xsurface->x,
+				.y = xsurface->y,
+				.width = xsurface->width,
+				.height = xsurface->height,
+			};
+
+			if (wlr_box_contains_point(&box, cursor->x, cursor->y)) {
+				surface = xsurface->surface;
+				sx = cursor->x - box.x;
+				sy = cursor->y - box.y;
+				wlr_seat_pointer_notify_enter(seat, surface, sx, sy);
+				wlr_seat_pointer_notify_motion(seat, time, sx, sy);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	swayc_t *swayc =
 		swayc_at(&root_container, cursor->x, cursor->y, &surface, &sx, &sy);
 	if (swayc) {
diff --git a/sway/tree/container.c b/sway/tree/container.c
index 31ec2ce50..d241f69a4 100644
--- a/sway/tree/container.c
+++ b/sway/tree/container.c
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ swayc_t *destroy_output(swayc_t *output) {
 }
 
 swayc_t *destroy_view(swayc_t *view) {
-	if (!sway_assert(view, "null view passed to destroy_view")) {
+	if (!view) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "Destroying view '%s'", view->name);
@@ -259,7 +259,6 @@ swayc_t *swayc_at(swayc_t *parent, double lx, double ly,
 			int width = swayc->sway_view->surface->current->width;
 			int height = swayc->sway_view->surface->current->height;
 
-			// TODO popups and subsurfaces
 			switch (sview->type) {
 				case SWAY_WL_SHELL_VIEW:
 					break;
@@ -268,6 +267,20 @@ swayc_t *swayc_at(swayc_t *parent, double lx, double ly,
 					// coordinate of the top left corner of the window geometry
 					view_sx += sview->wlr_xdg_surface_v6->geometry->x;
 					view_sy += sview->wlr_xdg_surface_v6->geometry->y;
+
+					// check for popups
+					double popup_sx, popup_sy;
+					struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *popup =
+						wlr_xdg_surface_v6_popup_at(sview->wlr_xdg_surface_v6,
+								view_sx, view_sy, &popup_sx, &popup_sy);
+
+					if (popup) {
+						*sx = view_sx - popup_sx;
+						*sy = view_sy - popup_sy;
+						*surface = popup->surface;
+						list_free(queue);
+						return swayc;
+					}
 					break;
 				case SWAY_XWAYLAND_VIEW:
 					break;
@@ -275,6 +288,19 @@ swayc_t *swayc_at(swayc_t *parent, double lx, double ly,
 					break;
 			}
 
+			// check for subsurfaces
+			double sub_x, sub_y;
+			struct wlr_subsurface *subsurface =
+				wlr_surface_subsurface_at(sview->surface,
+						view_sx, view_sy, &sub_x, &sub_y);
+			if (subsurface) {
+				*sx = view_sx - sub_x;
+				*sy = view_sy - sub_y;
+				*surface = subsurface->surface;
+				list_free(queue);
+				return swayc;
+			}
+
 			if (view_sx > 0 && view_sx < width &&
 					view_sy > 0 && view_sy < height &&
 					pixman_region32_contains_point(
diff --git a/sway/tree/layout.c b/sway/tree/layout.c
index 13b8a3951..01535f2de 100644
--- a/sway/tree/layout.c
+++ b/sway/tree/layout.c
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ void init_layout(void) {
 
 	root_container.sway_root = calloc(1, sizeof(*root_container.sway_root));
 	root_container.sway_root->output_layout = wlr_output_layout_create();
+	wl_list_init(&root_container.sway_root->unmanaged_views);
 
 	root_container.sway_root->output_layout_change.notify =
 		output_layout_change_notify;