diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index da5f26257..d9352fedd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ on:
       unix:
         default: true
         type: boolean
+      linux_static:
+        default: true
+        type: boolean
       linux_arm:
         default: true
         type: boolean
@@ -27,9 +30,6 @@ on:
       windows32:
         default: true
         type: boolean
-      meta_files:
-        default: true
-        type: boolean
       origin:
         required: false
         default: ''
@@ -52,7 +52,11 @@ on:
         default: stable
         type: string
       unix:
-        description: yt-dlp, yt-dlp.tar.gz, yt-dlp_linux, yt-dlp_linux.zip
+        description: yt-dlp, yt-dlp.tar.gz
+        default: true
+        type: boolean
+      linux_static:
+        description: yt-dlp_linux
         default: true
         type: boolean
       linux_arm:
@@ -75,10 +79,6 @@ on:
         description: yt-dlp_x86.exe
         default: true
         type: boolean
-      meta_files:
-        description: SHA2-256SUMS, SHA2-512SUMS, _update_spec
-        default: true
-        type: boolean
       origin:
         description: Origin
         required: false
@@ -112,26 +112,9 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: "3.10"
-      - uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3
-        with:
-          miniforge-variant: Mambaforge
-          use-mamba: true
-          channels: conda-forge
-          auto-update-conda: true
-          activate-environment: ""
-          auto-activate-base: false
       - name: Install Requirements
         run: |
           sudo apt -y install zip pandoc man sed
-          cat > ./requirements.txt << EOF
-          python=3.10.*
-          brotli-python
-          EOF
-          python devscripts/install_deps.py --print \
-            --exclude brotli --exclude brotlicffi \
-            --include secretstorage --include pyinstaller >> ./requirements.txt
-          mamba create -n build --file ./requirements.txt
-
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
           python devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
@@ -140,30 +123,15 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build Unix platform-independent binary
         run: |
           make all tar
-      - name: Build Unix standalone binary
-        shell: bash -l {0}
-        run: |
-          unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH  # Harmful; set by setup-python
-          conda activate build
-          python -m bundle.pyinstaller --onedir
-          (cd ./dist/yt-dlp_linux && zip -r ../yt-dlp_linux.zip .)
-          python -m bundle.pyinstaller
-          mv ./dist/yt-dlp_linux ./yt-dlp_linux
-          mv ./dist/yt-dlp_linux.zip ./yt-dlp_linux.zip
-
       - name: Verify --update-to
         if: vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION
         run: |
-          binaries=("yt-dlp" "yt-dlp_linux")
-          for binary in "${binaries[@]}"; do
-            chmod +x ./${binary}
-            cp ./${binary} ./${binary}_downgraded
-            version="$(./${binary} --version)"
-            ./${binary}_downgraded -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
-            downgraded_version="$(./${binary}_downgraded --version)"
-            [[ "$version" != "$downgraded_version" ]]
-          done
-
+          chmod +x ./yt-dlp
+          cp ./yt-dlp ./yt-dlp_downgraded
+          version="$(./yt-dlp --version)"
+          ./yt-dlp_downgraded -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
+          downgraded_version="$(./yt-dlp_downgraded --version)"
+          [[ "$version" != "$downgraded_version" ]]
       - name: Upload artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
@@ -171,8 +139,39 @@ jobs:
           path: |
             yt-dlp
             yt-dlp.tar.gz
-            yt-dlp_linux
-            yt-dlp_linux.zip
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  linux_static:
+    needs: process
+    if: inputs.linux_static
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Build static executable
+        env:
+          channel: ${{ inputs.channel }}
+          origin: ${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}
+          version: ${{ inputs.version }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir ~/build
+          cd bundle/docker
+          docker compose up --build static
+          sudo chown "${USER}:docker" ~/build/yt-dlp_linux
+      - name: Verify --update-to
+        if: vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION
+        run: |
+          chmod +x ~/build/yt-dlp_linux
+          cp ~/build/yt-dlp_linux ~/build/yt-dlp_linux_downgraded
+          version="$(~/build/yt-dlp_linux --version)"
+          ~/build/yt-dlp_linux_downgraded -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
+          downgraded_version="$(~/build/yt-dlp_linux_downgraded --version)"
+          [[ "$version" != "$downgraded_version" ]]
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: build-bin-${{ github.job }}
+          path: |
+            ~/build/yt-dlp_linux
           compression-level: 0
 
   linux_arm:
@@ -247,13 +246,13 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           brew install coreutils
           python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --user -o --include build
-          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --print --include pyinstaller_macos > requirements.txt
+          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --print --include pyinstaller > requirements.txt
           # We need to ignore wheels otherwise we break universal2 builds
           python3 -m pip install -U --user --no-binary :all: -r requirements.txt
           # We need to fuse our own universal2 wheels for curl_cffi
           python3 -m pip install -U --user delocate
           mkdir curl_cffi_whls curl_cffi_universal2
-          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --print -o --include curl_cffi > requirements.txt
+          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --print -o --include curl-cffi > requirements.txt
           for platform in "macosx_11_0_arm64" "macosx_11_0_x86_64"; do
             python3 -m pip download \
               --only-binary=:all: \
@@ -299,7 +298,7 @@ jobs:
   macos_legacy:
     needs: process
     if: inputs.macos_legacy
-    runs-on: macos-latest
+    runs-on: macos-12
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -319,7 +318,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           brew install coreutils
           python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --user -o --include build
-          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --user --include pyinstaller_macos --include curl_cffi
+          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --user --include pyinstaller
 
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
@@ -361,7 +360,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install Requirements
         run: | # Custom pyinstaller built with https://github.com/yt-dlp/pyinstaller-builds
           python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
-          python devscripts/install_deps.py --include py2exe --include curl_cffi
+          python devscripts/install_deps.py --include py2exe --include curl-cffi
           python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-5.8.0-py3-none-any.whl"
 
       - name: Prepare
@@ -446,10 +445,11 @@ jobs:
           compression-level: 0
 
   meta_files:
-    if: inputs.meta_files && always() && !cancelled()
+    if: always() && !cancelled()
     needs:
       - process
       - unix
+      - linux_static
       - linux_arm
       - macos
       - macos_legacy
@@ -466,8 +466,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Make SHA2-SUMS files
         run: |
           cd ./artifact/
-          sha256sum * > ../SHA2-256SUMS
-          sha512sum * > ../SHA2-512SUMS
+          # make sure SHA sums are also printed to stdout
+          sha256sum * | tee ../SHA2-256SUMS
+          sha512sum * | tee ../SHA2-512SUMS
 
       - name: Make Update spec
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/core.yml b/.github/workflows/core.yml
index 076f785bf..70769f967 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/core.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/core.yml
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Install test requirements
-      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include dev --include curl_cffi
+      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include dev --include curl-cffi
     - name: Run tests
       continue-on-error: False
       run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
index 3114e7bdd..24b34911f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.8'
     - name: Install flake8
       run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include dev
     - name: Make lazy extractors
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTORS b/CONTRIBUTORS
index 6ee3baa3d..8b5d19a64 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTORS
+++ b/CONTRIBUTORS
@@ -600,3 +600,13 @@ xpadev-net
 Xpl0itU
 YoshichikaAAA
 zhijinwuu
+alb
+hruzgar
+kasper93
+leoheitmannruiz
+luiso1979
+nipotan
+Offert4324
+sta1us
+Tomoka1
+trwstin
diff --git a/Changelog.md b/Changelog.md
index 45a9cef3f..6cf08beab 100644
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@@ -4,6 +4,101 @@
 # To create a release, dispatch the https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions/workflows/release.yml workflow on master
 -->
 
+### 2024.04.09
+
+#### Important changes
+- Security: [[CVE-2024-22423](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-22423)] [Prevent RCE when using `--exec` with `%q` on Windows](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-hjq6-52gw-2g7p)
+    - The shell escape function now properly escapes `%`, `\` and `\n`.
+    - `utils.Popen` has been patched accordingly.
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Add new option `--progress-delta`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9590cc6b4768e190183d7d071a6c78170889116a) ([#9082](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9082)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Add new options `--impersonate` and `--list-impersonate-targets`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0b81d4d252bd065ccd352722987ea34fe17f9244) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Add option `--no-break-on-existing`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/16be117729150b2784f3b17755c886cb0cf73374) ([#9610](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9610)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Fix `filesize_approx` calculation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/86e3b82261e8ebc6c6707c09544c9dfb8907c0fd) ([#9560](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9560)) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- [Infer `acodec` for single-codec containers](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/86a972033e05fea80e5fe7f2aff6723dbe2f3952) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Prevent RCE when using `--exec` with `%q` (CVE-2024-22423)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ff07792676f404ffff6ee61b5638c9dc1a33a37a) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cookies**: [Add `--cookies-from-browser` support for Firefox Flatpak](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2ab2651a4a7be18939e2b4cb21be79fe477c797a) ([#9619](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9619)) by [un-def](https://github.com/un-def)
+- **utils**
+    - `traverse_obj`
+        - [Allow unbranching using `all` and `any`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3699eeb67cad333272b14a42dd3843d93fda1a2e) ([#9571](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9571)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+        - [Convenience improvements](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/32abfb00bdbd119ca675fdc6d1719331f0a2741a) ([#9577](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9577)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Add extractor impersonate API](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/50c29352312f5662acf9a64b0012766f5c40af61) ([#9474](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9474)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **afreecatv**
+    - [Overhaul extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9415f1a5ef88482ebafe3083e8bcb778ac512df7) ([#9566](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9566)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Tomoka1](https://github.com/Tomoka1)
+    - live: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9073ae6458f4c6a832aa832c67174c61852869be) ([#9348](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9348)) by [hui1601](https://github.com/hui1601)
+- **asobistage**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0284f1fee202302a78888420f933deae19d9f4e1) ([#8735](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8735)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **box**: [Support URLs without file IDs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/07f5b2f7570fd9ac85aed17f4c0118f6eac77beb) ([#9504](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9504)) by [shreyasminocha](https://github.com/shreyasminocha)
+- **cbc.ca**: player: [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b49d5ffc53a72d8245ba319ff07bdc5b8c6a4f0c) ([#9561](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9561)) by [trainman261](https://github.com/trainman261)
+- **crunchyroll**
+    - [Extract `vo_adaptive_hls` formats by default](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/be77923ffe842f667971019460f6005f3cad01eb) ([#9447](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9447)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/954e57e405f79188450eb30103a9308732cd318f) ([#9615](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9615)) by [bytedream](https://github.com/bytedream)
+- **dropbox**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a48cc86d6f6b20427553620c2ddb990ede6a4b41) ([#9627](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9627)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **fathom**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bc2b8c0596fd6b75af24822c4f0f1da6783d71f7) ([#9495](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9495)) by [src-tinkerer](https://github.com/src-tinkerer)
+- **gofile**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0da66980d3193cad3dae0120cddddbfcabddf7a1) ([#9446](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9446)) by [jazz1611](https://github.com/jazz1611)
+- **imgur**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/86d2f4d24849af0d1f3af7c0e2ac43bf8a058f74) ([#9471](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9471)) by [trwstin](https://github.com/trwstin)
+- **jiosaavn**
+    - [Extract artists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0ae16ceb1846cc4e609b70ce7c5d8e7458efceb2) ([#9612](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9612)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix format extensions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/443e206ec41e64ca2aef61d8ef91640fb69b3113) ([#9609](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9609)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Support playlists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2e94602f241f6e41bdc48576c61089435529339b) ([#9622](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9622)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **joqrag**: [Fix live status detection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2fd449b46c4058222e1744f7a35caa20b2d003d) ([#9624](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9624)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **kick**: [Support browser impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8a61a910096c77ce08dad5e1b2fbda5eb964156) ([#9611](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9611)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **loom**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f859ed3ba1e8b129ae6a467592c65687e73fbca1) ([#8686](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8686)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [hruzgar](https://github.com/hruzgar)
+- **medici**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4cd9e251b9abada107b10830de997bf4d79ca369) ([#9518](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9518)) by [Offert4324](https://github.com/Offert4324)
+- **mixch**
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4c3b7a0769706f7f0ea24adf1f219d5ae82d2b07) ([#9608](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9608)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [nipotan](https://github.com/nipotan)
+    - archive: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c59de48e2bb4c681b03b93b584a05f52609ce4a0) ([#8761](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8761)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **nhk**: [Fix NHK World extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4af9d5c2f6aa81403ae2a8a5ae3cc824730f0b86) ([#9623](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9623)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **patreon**: [Do not extract dead embed URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/36b240f9a72af57eb2c9d927ebb7fd1c917ebf18) ([#9613](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9613)) by [johnvictorfs](https://github.com/johnvictorfs)
+- **radio1be**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/36baaa10e06715ccba06b78885b2042c4844c826) ([#9122](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9122)) by [HobbyistDev](https://github.com/HobbyistDev)
+- **sharepoint**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ff349ff94aae0b2b148bd3670f7c91d39c2f1d8e) ([#6531](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6531)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [C0D3D3V](https://github.com/C0D3D3V)
+- **sonylivseries**: [Fix season extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2868b26e917354203f82a370ad2396646edb813) ([#9423](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9423)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **soundcloud**
+    - [Adjust format sorting](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a2d0840739cddd585d24e0ce4796394fc8a4fa2e) ([#9584](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9584)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Support cookies](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/97362712a1f2b04e735bdf54f749ad99165a62fe) ([#9586](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9586)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Support retries for API rate-limit](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/246571ae1d867df8bf31a056bdf3bbbfd398366a) ([#9585](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9585)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **thisoldhouse**: [Support Brightcove embeds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0df63cce69026d2f4c0cbb4dd36163e83eac93dc) ([#9576](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9576)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tiktok**
+    - [Fix API extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cb61e20c266facabb7a30f9ce53bd79dfc158475) ([#9548](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9548)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Prefer non-bytevc2 formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/63f685f341f35f6f02b0368d1ba53bdb5b520410) ([#9575](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9575)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Restore `carrier_region` API parameter](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fc53ec13ff1ee926a3e533a68cfca8acc887b661) ([#9637](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9637)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Update API hostname](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8c05b3ebae23c5b444857549a85b84004c01a536) ([#9444](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9444)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **twitch**: [Extract AV1 and HEVC formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/02f93ff51b3ff9436d60c4993562b366eaae8851) ([#9158](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9158)) by [kasper93](https://github.com/kasper93)
+- **vkplay**: [Fix `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b15b0c1d2106437ec61a5c436c543e8760eac160) ([#9636](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9636)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **xvideos**: [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/aa7e9ae4f48276bd5d0173966c77db9484f65a0a) ([#9502](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9502)) by [sta1us](https://github.com/sta1us)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Calculate more accurate `filesize`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a25a424323267e3f6f9f63c0b62df499bd7b8d46) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Update `android` params](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e7b17fce14775bd2448695c8eb7379b8d31d3537) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - search: [Fix params for uncensored results](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/17d248a58781e2588d18a5ebe00c441d10011fcd) ([#9456](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9456)) by [alb](https://github.com/alb), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+
+#### Downloader changes
+- **ffmpeg**: [Accept output args from info dict](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9c42b7eef547e826e9fcc7beb6706a2523949d05) ([#9278](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9278)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- [Respect `SSLKEYLOGFILE` environment variable](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/79a451e5763eda8b10d00684d5d3378f3255ee01) ([#9543](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9543)) by [luiso1979](https://github.com/luiso1979)
+- **Request Handler**
+    - curlcffi: [Add support for `curl_cffi`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/52f5be1f1e0dc45bb397ab950f564721976a39bf) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - websockets: [Workaround race condition causing issues on PyPy](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e5d4f11104ce7ea1717a90eea82c0f7d230ea5d5) ([#9514](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9514)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Do not include `curl_cffi` in `macos_legacy`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b19ae095fdddd43c2a2c67d10fbe0d9a645bb98f) ([#9653](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9653)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Optional dependencies cleanup](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/58dd0f8d1eee6bc9fdc57f1923bed772fa3c946d) ([#9550](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9550)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Print SHA sums to GHA logs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e8032503b9517465b0e86d776fc1e60d8795d673) ([#9582](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9582)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Update changelog for tarball and sdist](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/17b96974a334688f76b57d350e07cae8cda46877) ([#9425](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9425)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**
+    - [Standardize `import datetime as dt`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c305a25c1b16bcf7a5ec499c3b786ed1e2c748da) ([#8978](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8978)) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - ie: [No `from` stdlib imports in extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e3a3ed8a981d9395c4859b6ef56cd02bc3148db2) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - Miscellaneous: [216f6a3](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/216f6a3cb57824e6a3c859649ce058c199b1b247) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **docs**
+    - [Update yt-dlp tagline](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/388c979ac63a8774339fac2516fe1cc852b4276e) ([#9481](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9481)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Various manpage fixes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/df0e138fc02ae2764a44f2f59fc93c756c4d3ee2) by [leoheitmannruiz](https://github.com/leoheitmannruiz)
+- **test**
+    - [Workaround websocket server hanging](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f849d77ab54788446b995d256e1ee0894c4fb927) ([#9467](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9467)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - `traversal`: [Separate traversal tests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/979ce2e786f2ee3fc783b6dc1ef4188d8805c923) ([#9574](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9574)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
 ### 2024.03.10
 
 #### Core changes
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 38c6b4f2d..cef4bc6cb 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ tar: yt-dlp.tar.gz
 # intended use: when building a source distribution,
 # make pypi-files && python3 -m build -sn .
 pypi-files: AUTHORS Changelog.md LICENSE README.md README.txt supportedsites \
-	        completions yt-dlp.1 pyproject.toml setup.cfg devscripts/* test/*
+            completions yt-dlp.1 pyproject.toml setup.cfg devscripts/* test/*
 
-.PHONY: all clean install test tar pypi-files completions ot offlinetest codetest supportedsites
+.PHONY: all clean clean-all clean-test clean-dist clean-cache \
+        completions completion-bash completion-fish completion-zsh \
+        doc issuetemplates supportedsites ot offlinetest codetest test \
+        tar pypi-files lazy-extractors install uninstall
 
 clean-test:
 	rm -rf test/testdata/sigs/player-*.js tmp/ *.annotations.xml *.aria2 *.description *.dump *.frag \
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 6411f4f2c..3c12c5764 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ When using `--update`/`-U`, a release binary will only update to its current cha
 You may also use `--update-to <repository>` (`<owner>/<repository>`) to update to a channel on a completely different repository. Be careful with what repository you are updating to though, there is no verification done for binaries from different repositories.
 
 Example usage:
+
 * `yt-dlp --update-to master` switch to the `master` channel and update to its latest release
 * `yt-dlp --update-to stable@2023.07.06` upgrade/downgrade to release to `stable` channel tag `2023.07.06`
 * `yt-dlp --update-to 2023.10.07` upgrade/downgrade to tag `2023.10.07` if it exists on the current channel
@@ -201,8 +202,8 @@ While all the other dependencies are optional, `ffmpeg` and `ffprobe` are highly
 The following provide support for impersonating browser requests. This may be required for some sites that employ TLS fingerprinting. 
 
 * [**curl_cffi**](https://github.com/yifeikong/curl_cffi) (recommended) - Python binding for [curl-impersonate](https://github.com/lwthiker/curl-impersonate). Provides impersonation targets for Chrome, Edge and Safari. Licensed under [MIT](https://github.com/yifeikong/curl_cffi/blob/main/LICENSE)
-  * Can be installed with the `curl_cffi` group, e.g. `pip install yt-dlp[default,curl_cffi]`
-  * Only included in `yt-dlp.exe`, `yt-dlp_macos` and `yt-dlp_macos_legacy` builds
+  * Can be installed with the `curl-cffi` group, e.g. `pip install yt-dlp[default,curl-cffi]`
+  * Currently only included in `yt-dlp.exe` and `yt-dlp_macos` builds
 
 
 ### Metadata
@@ -481,6 +482,9 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
     --max-downloads NUMBER          Abort after downloading NUMBER files
     --break-on-existing             Stop the download process when encountering
                                     a file that is in the archive
+    --no-break-on-existing          Do not stop the download process when
+                                    encountering a file that is in the archive
+                                    (default)
     --break-per-input               Alters --max-downloads, --break-on-existing,
                                     --break-match-filter, and autonumber to
                                     reset per input URL
@@ -754,6 +758,7 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                     accessible under "progress" key. E.g.
                                     --console-title --progress-template
                                     "download-title:%(info.id)s-%(progress.eta)s"
+    --progress-delta SECONDS        Time between progress output (default: 0)
     -v, --verbose                   Print various debugging information
     --dump-pages                    Print downloaded pages encoded using base64
                                     to debug problems (very verbose)
@@ -1472,9 +1477,9 @@ The following numeric meta fields can be used with comparisons `<`, `<=`, `>`, `
  - `width`: Width of the video, if known
  - `height`: Height of the video, if known
  - `aspect_ratio`: Aspect ratio of the video, if known
- - `tbr`: Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s
- - `abr`: Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
- - `vbr`: Average video bitrate in KBit/s
+ - `tbr`: Average bitrate of audio and video in [kbps](## "1000 bits/sec")
+ - `abr`: Average audio bitrate in [kbps](## "1000 bits/sec")
+ - `vbr`: Average video bitrate in [kbps](## "1000 bits/sec")
  - `asr`: Audio sampling rate in Hertz
  - `fps`: Frame rate
  - `audio_channels`: The number of audio channels
@@ -1499,7 +1504,7 @@ Any string comparison may be prefixed with negation `!` in order to produce an o
 
 **Note**: None of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by the website. Any other field made available by the extractor can also be used for filtering.
 
-Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (`?`) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so `-f "bv[height<=?720][tbr>500]"` selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s. You can also use the filters with `all` to download all formats that satisfy the filter, e.g. `-f "all[vcodec=none]"` selects all audio-only formats.
+Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (`?`) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so `-f "bv[height<=?720][tbr>500]"` selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 kbps. You can also use the filters with `all` to download all formats that satisfy the filter, e.g. `-f "all[vcodec=none]"` selects all audio-only formats.
 
 Format selectors can also be grouped using parentheses; e.g. `-f "(mp4,webm)[height<480]"` will download the best pre-merged mp4 and webm formats with a height lower than 480.
 
@@ -1531,10 +1536,10 @@ The available fields are:
  - `fps`: Framerate of video
  - `hdr`: The dynamic range of the video (`DV` > `HDR12` > `HDR10+` > `HDR10` > `HLG` > `SDR`)
  - `channels`: The number of audio channels
- - `tbr`: Total average bitrate in KBit/s
- - `vbr`: Average video bitrate in KBit/s
- - `abr`: Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
- - `br`: Average bitrate in KBit/s, `tbr`/`vbr`/`abr`
+ - `tbr`: Total average bitrate in [kbps](## "1000 bits/sec")
+ - `vbr`: Average video bitrate in [kbps](## "1000 bits/sec")
+ - `abr`: Average audio bitrate in [kbps](## "1000 bits/sec")
+ - `br`: Average bitrate in [kbps](## "1000 bits/sec"), `tbr`/`vbr`/`abr`
  - `asr`: Audio sample rate in Hz
  
 **Deprecation warning**: Many of these fields have (currently undocumented) aliases, that may be removed in a future version. It is recommended to use only the documented field names.
@@ -1781,8 +1786,7 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 * `version`: The video version to extract - `uncut` or `simulcast`
 
 #### crunchyrollbeta (Crunchyroll)
-* `format`: Which stream type(s) to extract (default: `adaptive_hls`). Potentially useful values include `adaptive_hls`, `adaptive_dash`, `vo_adaptive_hls`, `vo_adaptive_dash`, `download_hls`, `download_dash`, `multitrack_adaptive_hls_v2`
-* `hardsub`: Preference order for which hardsub versions to extract, or `all` (default: `None` = no hardsubs), e.g. `crunchyrollbeta:hardsub=en-US,None`
+* `hardsub`: One or more hardsub versions to extract (in order of preference), or `all` (default: `None` = no hardsubs will be extracted), e.g. `crunchyrollbeta:hardsub=en-US,de-DE`
 
 #### vikichannel
 * `video_types`: Types of videos to download - one or more of `episodes`, `movies`, `clips`, `trailers`
@@ -1805,9 +1809,12 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 * `max_comments`: Maximum number of comments to extract - default is `120`
 
 #### tiktok
-* `api_hostname`: Hostname to use for mobile API requests, e.g. `api-h2.tiktokv.com`
-* `app_version`: App version to call mobile APIs with - should be set along with `manifest_app_version`, e.g. `20.2.1`
-* `manifest_app_version`: Numeric app version to call mobile APIs with, e.g. `221`
+* `api_hostname`: Hostname to use for mobile API calls, e.g. `api22-normal-c-alisg.tiktokv.com`
+* `app_name`: Default app name to use with mobile API calls, e.g. `trill`
+* `app_version`: Default app version to use with mobile API calls - should be set along with `manifest_app_version`, e.g. `34.1.2`
+* `manifest_app_version`: Default numeric app version to use with mobile API calls, e.g. `2023401020`
+* `aid`: Default app ID to use with API calls, e.g. `1180`
+* `app_info`: One or more app info strings in the format of `<iid>/[app_name]/[app_version]/[manifest_app_version]/[aid]`, where `iid` is the unique app install ID. `iid` is the only required value; all other values and their `/` separators can be omitted, e.g. `tiktok:app_info=1234567890123456789` or `tiktok:app_info=123,456/trill///1180,789//34.0.1/340001`
 
 #### rokfinchannel
 * `tab`: Which tab to download - one of `new`, `top`, `videos`, `podcasts`, `streams`, `stacks`
@@ -1830,6 +1837,9 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 #### jiosaavn
 * `bitrate`: Audio bitrates to request. One or more of `16`, `32`, `64`, `128`, `320`. Default is `128,320`
 
+#### afreecatvlive
+* `cdn`: One or more CDN IDs to use with the API call for stream URLs, e.g. `gcp_cdn`, `gs_cdn_pc_app`, `gs_cdn_mobile_web`, `gs_cdn_pc_web`
+
 **Note**: These options may be changed/removed in the future without concern for backward compatibility
 
 <!-- MANPAGE: MOVE "INSTALLATION" SECTION HERE -->
@@ -1887,6 +1897,7 @@ Plugins can be installed using various methods and locations.
 
 
 `.zip`, `.egg` and `.whl` archives containing a `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folder in their root are also supported as plugin packages.
+
 * e.g. `${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/yt-dlp/plugins/mypluginpkg.zip` where `mypluginpkg.zip` contains `yt_dlp_plugins/<type>/myplugin.py`
 
 Run yt-dlp with `--verbose` to check if the plugin has been loaded.
diff --git a/bundle/docker/compose.yml b/bundle/docker/compose.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f89ca6d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bundle/docker/compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+services:
+  static:
+    build: static
+    environment:
+      channel: ${channel}
+      origin: ${origin}
+      version: ${version}
+    volumes:
+      - ~/build:/build
+      - ../..:/yt-dlp
diff --git a/bundle/docker/static/Dockerfile b/bundle/docker/static/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dae2dff3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bundle/docker/static/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+FROM alpine:3.19 as base
+
+RUN apk --update add --no-cache \
+        build-base \
+        python3 \
+        pipx \
+    ;
+
+RUN pipx install pyinstaller
+# Requires above step to prepare the shared venv
+RUN ~/.local/share/pipx/shared/bin/python -m pip install -U wheel
+RUN apk --update add --no-cache \
+        scons \
+        patchelf \
+        binutils \
+    ;
+RUN pipx install staticx
+
+WORKDIR /yt-dlp
+COPY entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
+ENTRYPOINT /entrypoint.sh
diff --git a/bundle/docker/static/entrypoint.sh b/bundle/docker/static/entrypoint.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..93d84fa9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bundle/docker/static/entrypoint.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/ash
+set -e
+
+source ~/.local/share/pipx/venvs/pyinstaller/bin/activate
+python -m devscripts.install_deps --include secretstorage
+python -m devscripts.make_lazy_extractors
+python devscripts/update-version.py -c "${channel}" -r "${origin}" "${version}"
+python -m bundle.pyinstaller
+deactivate
+
+source ~/.local/share/pipx/venvs/staticx/bin/activate
+staticx /yt-dlp/dist/yt-dlp_linux /build/yt-dlp_linux
+deactivate
diff --git a/devscripts/changelog_override.json b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
index 2a34ad071..046060cb2 100644
--- a/devscripts/changelog_override.json
+++ b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
@@ -126,5 +126,26 @@
         "when": "4ce57d3b873c2887814cbec03d029533e82f7db5",
         "short": "[ie] Support multi-period MPD streams (#6654)",
         "authors": ["alard", "pukkandan"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "aa7e9ae4f48276bd5d0173966c77db9484f65a0a",
+        "short": "[ie/xvideos] Support new URL format (#9502)",
+        "authors": ["sta1us"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "remove",
+        "when": "22e4dfacb61f62dfbb3eb41b31c7b69ba1059b80"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "e3a3ed8a981d9395c4859b6ef56cd02bc3148db2",
+        "short": "[cleanup:ie] No `from` stdlib imports in extractors",
+        "authors": ["pukkandan"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "9590cc6b4768e190183d7d071a6c78170889116a",
+        "short": "[priority] Security: [[CVE-2024-22423](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-22423)] [Prevent RCE when using `--exec` with `%q` on Windows](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-hjq6-52gw-2g7p)\n    - The shell escape function now properly escapes `%`, `\\` and `\\n`.\n    - `utils.Popen` has been patched accordingly."
     }
 ]
diff --git a/devscripts/install_deps.py b/devscripts/install_deps.py
index 889d9abeb..d33fc637c 100755
--- a/devscripts/install_deps.py
+++ b/devscripts/install_deps.py
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import argparse
 import re
 import subprocess
 
+from pathlib import Path
+
 from devscripts.tomlparse import parse_toml
 from devscripts.utils import read_file
 
@@ -17,17 +19,23 @@ from devscripts.utils import read_file
 def parse_args():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Install dependencies for yt-dlp')
     parser.add_argument(
-        'input', nargs='?', metavar='TOMLFILE', default='pyproject.toml', help='Input file (default: %(default)s)')
+        'input', nargs='?', metavar='TOMLFILE', default=Path(__file__).parent.parent / 'pyproject.toml',
+        help='input file (default: %(default)s)')
     parser.add_argument(
-        '-e', '--exclude', metavar='DEPENDENCY', action='append', help='Exclude a dependency')
+        '-e', '--exclude', metavar='DEPENDENCY', action='append',
+        help='exclude a dependency')
     parser.add_argument(
-        '-i', '--include', metavar='GROUP', action='append', help='Include an optional dependency group')
+        '-i', '--include', metavar='GROUP', action='append',
+        help='include an optional dependency group')
     parser.add_argument(
-        '-o', '--only-optional', action='store_true', help='Only install optional dependencies')
+        '-o', '--only-optional', action='store_true',
+        help='only install optional dependencies')
     parser.add_argument(
-        '-p', '--print', action='store_true', help='Only print a requirements.txt to stdout')
+        '-p', '--print', action='store_true',
+        help='only print requirements to stdout')
     parser.add_argument(
-        '-u', '--user', action='store_true', help='Install with pip as --user')
+        '-u', '--user', action='store_true',
+        help='install with pip as --user')
     return parser.parse_args()
 
 
@@ -37,24 +45,16 @@ def main():
     optional_groups = project_table['optional-dependencies']
     excludes = args.exclude or []
 
-    deps = []
+    targets = []
     if not args.only_optional:  # `-o` should exclude 'dependencies' and the 'default' group
-        deps.extend(project_table['dependencies'])
+        targets.extend(project_table['dependencies'])
         if 'default' not in excludes:  # `--exclude default` should exclude entire 'default' group
-            deps.extend(optional_groups['default'])
-
-    def name(dependency):
-        return re.match(r'[\w-]+', dependency)[0].lower()
-
-    target_map = {name(dep): dep for dep in deps}
+            targets.extend(optional_groups['default'])
 
     for include in filter(None, map(optional_groups.get, args.include or [])):
-        target_map.update(zip(map(name, include), include))
+        targets.extend(include)
 
-    for exclude in map(name, excludes):
-        target_map.pop(exclude, None)
-
-    targets = list(target_map.values())
+    targets = [t for t in targets if re.match(r'[\w-]+', t).group(0).lower() not in excludes]
 
     if args.print:
         for target in targets:
diff --git a/devscripts/prepare_manpage.py b/devscripts/prepare_manpage.py
index 009e7bba1..47188e992 100644
--- a/devscripts/prepare_manpage.py
+++ b/devscripts/prepare_manpage.py
@@ -43,6 +43,27 @@ def filter_excluded_sections(readme):
         '', readme)
 
 
+def _convert_code_blocks(readme):
+    current_code_block = None
+
+    for line in readme.splitlines(True):
+        if current_code_block:
+            if line == current_code_block:
+                current_code_block = None
+                yield '\n'
+            else:
+                yield f'    {line}'
+        elif line.startswith('```'):
+            current_code_block = line.count('`') * '`' + '\n'
+            yield '\n'
+        else:
+            yield line
+
+
+def convert_code_blocks(readme):
+    return ''.join(_convert_code_blocks(readme))
+
+
 def move_sections(readme):
     MOVE_TAG_TEMPLATE = '<!-- MANPAGE: MOVE "%s" SECTION HERE -->'
     sections = re.findall(r'(?m)^%s$' % (
@@ -65,8 +86,10 @@ def move_sections(readme):
 
 def filter_options(readme):
     section = re.search(r'(?sm)^# USAGE AND OPTIONS\n.+?(?=^# )', readme).group(0)
+    section_new = section.replace('*', R'\*')
+
     options = '# OPTIONS\n'
-    for line in section.split('\n')[1:]:
+    for line in section_new.split('\n')[1:]:
         mobj = re.fullmatch(r'''(?x)
                 \s{4}(?P<opt>-(?:,\s|[^\s])+)
                 (?:\s(?P<meta>(?:[^\s]|\s(?!\s))+))?
@@ -86,7 +109,7 @@ def filter_options(readme):
     return readme.replace(section, options, 1)
 
 
-TRANSFORM = compose_functions(filter_excluded_sections, move_sections, filter_options)
+TRANSFORM = compose_functions(filter_excluded_sections, convert_code_blocks, move_sections, filter_options)
 
 
 def main():
diff --git a/devscripts/tomlparse.py b/devscripts/tomlparse.py
index 85ac4eef7..ac9ea3170 100755
--- a/devscripts/tomlparse.py
+++ b/devscripts/tomlparse.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ IMPORTANT: INVALID FILES OR MULTILINE STRINGS ARE NOT SUPPORTED!
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 import json
 import re
 
@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ def parse_value(data: str, index: int):
     for func in [
         int,
         float,
-        datetime.time.fromisoformat,
-        datetime.date.fromisoformat,
-        datetime.datetime.fromisoformat,
+        dt.time.fromisoformat,
+        dt.date.fromisoformat,
+        dt.datetime.fromisoformat,
         {'true': True, 'false': False}.get,
     ]:
         try:
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ def main():
         data = file.read()
 
     def default(obj):
-        if isinstance(obj, (datetime.date, datetime.time, datetime.datetime)):
+        if isinstance(obj, (dt.date, dt.time, dt.datetime)):
             return obj.isoformat()
 
     print(json.dumps(parse_toml(data), default=default))
diff --git a/devscripts/update-version.py b/devscripts/update-version.py
index da54a6a25..07a071745 100644
--- a/devscripts/update-version.py
+++ b/devscripts/update-version.py
@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
 import argparse
 import contextlib
+import datetime as dt
 import sys
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 from devscripts.utils import read_version, run_process, write_file
 
 
 def get_new_version(version, revision):
     if not version:
-        version = datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y.%m.%d')
+        version = dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc).strftime('%Y.%m.%d')
 
     if revision:
         assert revision.isdecimal(), 'Revision must be a number'
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index c57cac757..5fadd1449 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 default = []
-curl_cffi = ["curl-cffi==0.5.10; implementation_name=='cpython'"]
+curl-cffi = ["curl-cffi==0.5.10; implementation_name=='cpython'"]
 secretstorage = [
     "cffi",
     "secretstorage",
@@ -69,8 +69,10 @@ dev = [
     "isort",
     "pytest",
 ]
-pyinstaller = ["pyinstaller>=6.3"]
-pyinstaller_macos = ["pyinstaller==5.13.2"]  # needed for curl_cffi builds
+pyinstaller = [
+    "pyinstaller>=6.3; sys_platform!='darwin'",
+    "pyinstaller==5.13.2; sys_platform=='darwin'",  # needed for curl_cffi
+]
 py2exe = ["py2exe>=0.12"]
 
 [project.urls]
diff --git a/supportedsites.md b/supportedsites.md
index a4b2d5799..ba77c0feb 100644
--- a/supportedsites.md
+++ b/supportedsites.md
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
  - **aenetworks:show**
  - **AeonCo**
  - **afreecatv**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com
- - **afreecatv:live**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com
+ - **afreecatv:live**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com livestreams
  - **afreecatv:user**
  - **AirTV**
  - **AitubeKZVideo**
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@
  - **ArteTVPlaylist**
  - **asobichannel**: ASOBI CHANNEL
  - **asobichannel:tag**: ASOBI CHANNEL
+ - **AsobiStage**: ASOBISTAGE (アソビステージ)
  - **AtresPlayer**: [*atresplayer*](## "netrc machine")
  - **AtScaleConfEvent**
  - **ATVAt**
@@ -436,6 +437,7 @@
  - **FacebookPluginsVideo**
  - **fancode:live**: [*fancode*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
  - **fancode:vod**: [*fancode*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Fathom**
  - **faz.net**
  - **fc2**: [*fc2*](## "netrc machine")
  - **fc2:embed**
@@ -633,8 +635,9 @@
  - **Jamendo**
  - **JamendoAlbum**
  - **JeuxVideo**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **JioSaavnAlbum**
- - **JioSaavnSong**
+ - **jiosaavn:album**
+ - **jiosaavn:playlist**
+ - **jiosaavn:song**
  - **Joj**
  - **JoqrAg**: 超!A&G+ 文化放送 (f.k.a. AGQR) Nippon Cultural Broadcasting, Inc. (JOQR)
  - **Jove**
@@ -716,6 +719,8 @@
  - **Lnk**
  - **LnkGo**
  - **loc**: Library of Congress
+ - **loom**
+ - **loom:folder**
  - **LoveHomePorn**
  - **LRTStream**
  - **LRTVOD**
@@ -1136,6 +1141,7 @@
  - **Radiko**
  - **RadikoRadio**
  - **radio.de**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Radio1Be**
  - **radiocanada**
  - **radiocanada:audiovideo**
  - **RadioComercial**
@@ -1288,6 +1294,7 @@
  - **SeznamZpravyArticle**
  - **Shahid**: [*shahid*](## "netrc machine")
  - **ShahidShow**
+ - **SharePoint**
  - **ShareVideosEmbed**
  - **ShemarooMe**
  - **ShowRoomLive**
diff --git a/test/conftest.py b/test/conftest.py
index 2fbc269e1..decd2c85c 100644
--- a/test/conftest.py
+++ b/test/conftest.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import inspect
 
 import pytest
@@ -10,7 +9,9 @@ from yt_dlp.utils._utils import _YDLLogger as FakeLogger
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def handler(request):
-    RH_KEY = request.param
+    RH_KEY = getattr(request, 'param', None)
+    if not RH_KEY:
+        return
     if inspect.isclass(RH_KEY) and issubclass(RH_KEY, RequestHandler):
         handler = RH_KEY
     elif RH_KEY in _REQUEST_HANDLERS:
@@ -18,9 +19,46 @@ def handler(request):
     else:
         pytest.skip(f'{RH_KEY} request handler is not available')
 
-    return functools.partial(handler, logger=FakeLogger)
+    class HandlerWrapper(handler):
+        RH_KEY = handler.RH_KEY
+
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            super().__init__(logger=FakeLogger, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return HandlerWrapper
 
 
-def validate_and_send(rh, req):
-    rh.validate(req)
-    return rh.send(req)
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def skip_handler(request, handler):
+    """usage: pytest.mark.skip_handler('my_handler', 'reason')"""
+    for marker in request.node.iter_markers('skip_handler'):
+        if marker.args[0] == handler.RH_KEY:
+            pytest.skip(marker.args[1] if len(marker.args) > 1 else '')
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def skip_handler_if(request, handler):
+    """usage: pytest.mark.skip_handler_if('my_handler', lambda request: True, 'reason')"""
+    for marker in request.node.iter_markers('skip_handler_if'):
+        if marker.args[0] == handler.RH_KEY and marker.args[1](request):
+            pytest.skip(marker.args[2] if len(marker.args) > 2 else '')
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def skip_handlers_if(request, handler):
+    """usage: pytest.mark.skip_handlers_if(lambda request, handler: True, 'reason')"""
+    for marker in request.node.iter_markers('skip_handlers_if'):
+        if handler and marker.args[0](request, handler):
+            pytest.skip(marker.args[1] if len(marker.args) > 1 else '')
+
+
+def pytest_configure(config):
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        "markers", "skip_handler(handler): skip test for the given handler",
+    )
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        "markers", "skip_handler_if(handler): skip test for the given handler if condition is true"
+    )
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        "markers", "skip_handlers_if(handler): skip test for handlers when the condition is true"
+    )
diff --git a/test/helper.py b/test/helper.py
index 7760fd8d7..e7473120d 100644
--- a/test/helper.py
+++ b/test/helper.py
@@ -338,3 +338,8 @@ def http_server_port(httpd):
 def verify_address_availability(address):
     if find_available_port(address) is None:
         pytest.skip(f'Unable to bind to source address {address} (address may not exist)')
+
+
+def validate_and_send(rh, req):
+    rh.validate(req)
+    return rh.send(req)
diff --git a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
index b7dee496a..c633ce3e4 100644
--- a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
+++ b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
@@ -1906,6 +1906,15 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
             expected_status=TEAPOT_RESPONSE_STATUS)
         self.assertEqual(content, TEAPOT_RESPONSE_BODY)
 
+    def test_search_nextjs_data(self):
+        data = '<script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{}}</script>'
+        self.assertEqual(self.ie._search_nextjs_data(data, None), {'props': {}})
+        self.assertEqual(self.ie._search_nextjs_data('', None, fatal=False), {})
+        self.assertEqual(self.ie._search_nextjs_data('', None, default=None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(self.ie._search_nextjs_data('', None, default={}), {})
+        with self.assertRaises(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(self.ie._search_nextjs_data('', None, default='{}'), {})
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
index 6be47af97..5242cf88f 100644
--- a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class TestFormatSelection(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
 
         info_dict = _make_result(formats)
-        ydl = YDL({'format': 'best'})
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'best', 'format_sort': ['abr', 'ext']})
         ydl.sort_formats(info_dict)
         ydl.process_ie_result(copy.deepcopy(info_dict))
         downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ class TestFormatSelection(unittest.TestCase):
         downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
         self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'mp3-64')
 
-        ydl = YDL({'prefer_free_formats': True})
+        ydl = YDL({'prefer_free_formats': True, 'format_sort': ['abr', 'ext']})
         ydl.sort_formats(info_dict)
         ydl.process_ie_result(copy.deepcopy(info_dict))
         downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
diff --git a/test/test_cookies.py b/test/test_cookies.py
index 5282ef621..bd61f30a6 100644
--- a/test/test_cookies.py
+++ b/test/test_cookies.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+import datetime as dt
 import unittest
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 from yt_dlp import cookies
 from yt_dlp.cookies import (
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class TestCookies(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(cookie.name, 'foo')
         self.assertEqual(cookie.value, 'test%20%3Bcookie')
         self.assertFalse(cookie.secure)
-        expected_expiration = datetime(2021, 6, 18, 21, 39, 19, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        expected_expiration = dt.datetime(2021, 6, 18, 21, 39, 19, tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc)
         self.assertEqual(cookie.expires, int(expected_expiration.timestamp()))
 
     def test_pbkdf2_sha1(self):
diff --git a/test/test_http_proxy.py b/test/test_http_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1d7c53f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_http_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+import abc
+import base64
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import json
+import os
+import random
+import ssl
+import threading
+from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
+from socketserver import ThreadingTCPServer
+
+import pytest
+
+from test.helper import http_server_port, verify_address_availability
+from test.test_networking import TEST_DIR
+from test.test_socks import IPv6ThreadingTCPServer
+from yt_dlp.dependencies import urllib3
+from yt_dlp.networking import Request
+from yt_dlp.networking.exceptions import HTTPError, ProxyError, SSLError
+
+
+class HTTPProxyAuthMixin:
+
+    def proxy_auth_error(self):
+        self.send_response(407)
+        self.send_header('Proxy-Authenticate', 'Basic realm="test http proxy"')
+        self.end_headers()
+        return False
+
+    def do_proxy_auth(self, username, password):
+        if username is None and password is None:
+            return True
+
+        proxy_auth_header = self.headers.get('Proxy-Authorization', None)
+        if proxy_auth_header is None:
+            return self.proxy_auth_error()
+
+        if not proxy_auth_header.startswith('Basic '):
+            return self.proxy_auth_error()
+
+        auth = proxy_auth_header[6:]
+
+        try:
+            auth_username, auth_password = base64.b64decode(auth).decode().split(':', 1)
+        except Exception:
+            return self.proxy_auth_error()
+
+        if auth_username != (username or '') or auth_password != (password or ''):
+            return self.proxy_auth_error()
+        return True
+
+
+class HTTPProxyHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPProxyAuthMixin):
+    def __init__(self, *args, proxy_info=None, username=None, password=None, request_handler=None, **kwargs):
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        self.proxy_info = proxy_info
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        if not self.do_proxy_auth(self.username, self.password):
+            self.server.close_request(self.request)
+            return
+        if self.path.endswith('/proxy_info'):
+            payload = json.dumps(self.proxy_info or {
+                'client_address': self.client_address,
+                'connect': False,
+                'connect_host': None,
+                'connect_port': None,
+                'headers': dict(self.headers),
+                'path': self.path,
+                'proxy': ':'.join(str(y) for y in self.connection.getsockname()),
+            })
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8')
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(payload.encode())
+        else:
+            self.send_response(404)
+            self.end_headers()
+
+        self.server.close_request(self.request)
+
+
+if urllib3:
+    import urllib3.util.ssltransport
+
+    class SSLTransport(urllib3.util.ssltransport.SSLTransport):
+        """
+        Modified version of urllib3 SSLTransport to support server side SSL
+
+        This allows us to chain multiple TLS connections.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, socket, ssl_context, server_hostname=None, suppress_ragged_eofs=True, server_side=False):
+            self.incoming = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+            self.outgoing = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+
+            self.suppress_ragged_eofs = suppress_ragged_eofs
+            self.socket = socket
+
+            self.sslobj = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+                self.incoming,
+                self.outgoing,
+                server_hostname=server_hostname,
+                server_side=server_side
+            )
+            self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.do_handshake)
+
+        @property
+        def _io_refs(self):
+            return self.socket._io_refs
+
+        @_io_refs.setter
+        def _io_refs(self, value):
+            self.socket._io_refs = value
+
+        def shutdown(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            self.socket.shutdown(*args, **kwargs)
+else:
+    SSLTransport = None
+
+
+class HTTPSProxyHandler(HTTPProxyHandler):
+    def __init__(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+        certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
+        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
+        if isinstance(request, ssl.SSLSocket):
+            request = SSLTransport(request, ssl_context=sslctx, server_side=True)
+        else:
+            request = sslctx.wrap_socket(request, server_side=True)
+        super().__init__(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class HTTPConnectProxyHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPProxyAuthMixin):
+    protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
+    default_request_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, username=None, password=None, request_handler=None, **kwargs):
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        self.request_handler = request_handler
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def do_CONNECT(self):
+        if not self.do_proxy_auth(self.username, self.password):
+            self.server.close_request(self.request)
+            return
+        self.send_response(200)
+        self.end_headers()
+        proxy_info = {
+            'client_address': self.client_address,
+            'connect': True,
+            'connect_host': self.path.split(':')[0],
+            'connect_port': int(self.path.split(':')[1]),
+            'headers': dict(self.headers),
+            'path': self.path,
+            'proxy': ':'.join(str(y) for y in self.connection.getsockname()),
+        }
+        self.request_handler(self.request, self.client_address, self.server, proxy_info=proxy_info)
+        self.server.close_request(self.request)
+
+
+class HTTPSConnectProxyHandler(HTTPConnectProxyHandler):
+    def __init__(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+        certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
+        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
+        request = sslctx.wrap_socket(request, server_side=True)
+        self._original_request = request
+        super().__init__(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def do_CONNECT(self):
+        super().do_CONNECT()
+        self.server.close_request(self._original_request)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def proxy_server(proxy_server_class, request_handler, bind_ip=None, **proxy_server_kwargs):
+    server = server_thread = None
+    try:
+        bind_address = bind_ip or '127.0.0.1'
+        server_type = ThreadingTCPServer if '.' in bind_address else IPv6ThreadingTCPServer
+        server = server_type(
+            (bind_address, 0), functools.partial(proxy_server_class, request_handler=request_handler, **proxy_server_kwargs))
+        server_port = http_server_port(server)
+        server_thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)
+        server_thread.daemon = True
+        server_thread.start()
+        if '.' not in bind_address:
+            yield f'[{bind_address}]:{server_port}'
+        else:
+            yield f'{bind_address}:{server_port}'
+    finally:
+        server.shutdown()
+        server.server_close()
+        server_thread.join(2.0)
+
+
+class HTTPProxyTestContext(abc.ABC):
+    REQUEST_HANDLER_CLASS = None
+    REQUEST_PROTO = None
+
+    def http_server(self, server_class, *args, **kwargs):
+        return proxy_server(server_class, self.REQUEST_HANDLER_CLASS, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def proxy_info_request(self, handler, target_domain=None, target_port=None, **req_kwargs) -> dict:
+        """return a dict of proxy_info"""
+
+
+class HTTPProxyHTTPTestContext(HTTPProxyTestContext):
+    # Standard HTTP Proxy for http requests
+    REQUEST_HANDLER_CLASS = HTTPProxyHandler
+    REQUEST_PROTO = 'http'
+
+    def proxy_info_request(self, handler, target_domain=None, target_port=None, **req_kwargs):
+        request = Request(f'http://{target_domain or "127.0.0.1"}:{target_port or "40000"}/proxy_info', **req_kwargs)
+        handler.validate(request)
+        return json.loads(handler.send(request).read().decode())
+
+
+class HTTPProxyHTTPSTestContext(HTTPProxyTestContext):
+    # HTTP Connect proxy, for https requests
+    REQUEST_HANDLER_CLASS = HTTPSProxyHandler
+    REQUEST_PROTO = 'https'
+
+    def proxy_info_request(self, handler, target_domain=None, target_port=None, **req_kwargs):
+        request = Request(f'https://{target_domain or "127.0.0.1"}:{target_port or "40000"}/proxy_info', **req_kwargs)
+        handler.validate(request)
+        return json.loads(handler.send(request).read().decode())
+
+
+CTX_MAP = {
+    'http': HTTPProxyHTTPTestContext,
+    'https': HTTPProxyHTTPSTestContext,
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def ctx(request):
+    return CTX_MAP[request.param]()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    'handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('ctx', ['http'], indirect=True)  # pure http proxy can only support http
+class TestHTTPProxy:
+    def test_http_no_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['connect'] is False
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' not in proxy_info['headers']
+
+    def test_http_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://test:test@{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' in proxy_info['headers']
+
+    def test_http_bad_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://test:bad@{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                with pytest.raises(HTTPError) as exc_info:
+                    ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert exc_info.value.response.status == 407
+                exc_info.value.response.close()
+
+    def test_http_source_address(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            source_address = f'127.0.0.{random.randint(5, 255)}'
+            verify_address_availability(source_address)
+            with handler(proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://{server_address}'},
+                         source_address=source_address) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['client_address'][0] == source_address
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('Urllib', 'urllib does not support https proxies')
+    def test_https(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPSProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'https://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['connect'] is False
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' not in proxy_info['headers']
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('Urllib', 'urllib does not support https proxies')
+    def test_https_verify_failed(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPSProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=True, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'https://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                # Accept SSLError as may not be feasible to tell if it is proxy or request error.
+                # note: if request proto also does ssl verification, this may also be the error of the request.
+                # Until we can support passing custom cacerts to handlers, we cannot properly test this for all cases.
+                with pytest.raises((ProxyError, SSLError)):
+                    ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+
+    def test_http_with_idn(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh, target_domain='中文.tw')
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['path'].startswith('http://xn--fiq228c.tw')
+                assert proxy_info['headers']['Host'].split(':', 1)[0] == 'xn--fiq228c.tw'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    'handler,ctx', [
+        ('Requests', 'https'),
+        ('CurlCFFI', 'https'),
+    ], indirect=True)
+class TestHTTPConnectProxy:
+    def test_http_connect_no_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPConnectProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['connect'] is True
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' not in proxy_info['headers']
+
+    def test_http_connect_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPConnectProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://test:test@{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' in proxy_info['headers']
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler(
+        'Requests',
+        'bug in urllib3 causes unclosed socket: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3374'
+    )
+    def test_http_connect_bad_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPConnectProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://test:bad@{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                with pytest.raises(ProxyError):
+                    ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+
+    def test_http_connect_source_address(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPConnectProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            source_address = f'127.0.0.{random.randint(5, 255)}'
+            verify_address_availability(source_address)
+            with handler(proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://{server_address}'},
+                         source_address=source_address,
+                         verify=False) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['client_address'][0] == source_address
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(urllib3 is None, reason='requires urllib3 to test')
+    def test_https_connect_proxy(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPSConnectProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'https://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['connect'] is True
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' not in proxy_info['headers']
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(urllib3 is None, reason='requires urllib3 to test')
+    def test_https_connect_verify_failed(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPSConnectProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=True, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'https://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                # Accept SSLError as may not be feasible to tell if it is proxy or request error.
+                # note: if request proto also does ssl verification, this may also be the error of the request.
+                # Until we can support passing custom cacerts to handlers, we cannot properly test this for all cases.
+                with pytest.raises((ProxyError, SSLError)):
+                    ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(urllib3 is None, reason='requires urllib3 to test')
+    def test_https_connect_proxy_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPSConnectProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'https://test:test@{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' in proxy_info['headers']
diff --git a/test/test_networking.py b/test/test_networking.py
index b50f70d08..994467014 100644
--- a/test/test_networking.py
+++ b/test/test_networking.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import sys
 
 import pytest
 
+from yt_dlp.networking.common import Features
+
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
 import gzip
@@ -27,8 +29,12 @@ import zlib
 from email.message import Message
 from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
 
-from test.conftest import validate_and_send
-from test.helper import FakeYDL, http_server_port, verify_address_availability
+from test.helper import (
+    FakeYDL,
+    http_server_port,
+    validate_and_send,
+    verify_address_availability,
+)
 from yt_dlp.cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar
 from yt_dlp.dependencies import brotli, curl_cffi, requests, urllib3
 from yt_dlp.networking import (
@@ -62,21 +68,6 @@ from yt_dlp.utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict, std_headers
 TEST_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
 
 
-def _build_proxy_handler(name):
-    class HTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-        proxy_name = name
-
-        def log_message(self, format, *args):
-            pass
-
-        def do_GET(self):
-            self.send_response(200)
-            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=utf-8')
-            self.end_headers()
-            self.wfile.write(f'{self.proxy_name}: {self.path}'.encode())
-    return HTTPTestRequestHandler
-
-
 class HTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
     protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
     default_request_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
@@ -317,8 +308,9 @@ class TestRequestHandlerBase:
         cls.https_server_thread.start()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
 class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
+
     def test_verify_cert(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             with pytest.raises(CertificateVerifyError):
@@ -329,7 +321,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             assert r.status == 200
             r.close()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_ssl_error(self, handler):
         # HTTPS server with too old TLS version
         # XXX: is there a better way to test this than to create a new server?
@@ -347,7 +338,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
                 validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{https_port}/headers'))
             assert not issubclass(exc_info.type, CertificateVerifyError)
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_percent_encode(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             # Unicode characters should be encoded with uppercase percent-encoding
@@ -359,7 +349,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             assert res.status == 200
             res.close()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('path', [
         '/a/b/./../../headers',
         '/redirect_dotsegments',
@@ -375,15 +364,13 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             assert res.url == f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers'
             res.close()
 
-    # Not supported by CurlCFFI (non-standard)
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'not supported by curl-cffi (non-standard)')
     def test_unicode_path_redirection(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             r = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/302-non-ascii-redirect'))
             assert r.url == f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87.html'
             r.close()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_raise_http_error(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             for bad_status in (400, 500, 599, 302):
@@ -393,7 +380,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             # Should not raise an error
             validate_and_send(rh, Request('http://127.0.0.1:%d/gen_200' % self.http_port)).close()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_response_url(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             # Response url should be that of the last url in redirect chain
@@ -405,7 +391,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             res2.close()
 
     # Covers some basic cases we expect some level of consistency between request handlers for
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('redirect_status,method,expected', [
         # A 303 must either use GET or HEAD for subsequent request
         (303, 'POST', ('', 'GET', False)),
@@ -447,7 +432,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             assert expected[1] == res.headers.get('method')
             assert expected[2] == ('content-length' in headers.decode().lower())
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_request_cookie_header(self, handler):
         # We should accept a Cookie header being passed as in normal headers and handle it appropriately.
         with handler() as rh:
@@ -480,19 +464,16 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             assert b'cookie: test=ytdlp' not in data.lower()
             assert b'cookie: test=test3' in data.lower()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_redirect_loop(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             with pytest.raises(HTTPError, match='redirect loop'):
                 validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/redirect_loop'))
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_incompleteread(self, handler):
         with handler(timeout=2) as rh:
             with pytest.raises(IncompleteRead, match='13 bytes read, 234221 more expected'):
                 validate_and_send(rh, Request('http://127.0.0.1:%d/incompleteread' % self.http_port)).read()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_cookies(self, handler):
         cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
         cookiejar.set_cookie(http.cookiejar.Cookie(
@@ -509,7 +490,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
                 rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', extensions={'cookiejar': cookiejar})).read()
             assert b'cookie: test=ytdlp' in data.lower()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_headers(self, handler):
 
         with handler(headers=HTTPHeaderDict({'test1': 'test', 'test2': 'test2'})) as rh:
@@ -525,7 +505,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             assert b'test2: test2' not in data
             assert b'test3: test3' in data
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_read_timeout(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             # Default timeout is 20 seconds, so this should go through
@@ -541,7 +520,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             validate_and_send(
                 rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/timeout_1', extensions={'timeout': 4}))
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_connect_timeout(self, handler):
         # nothing should be listening on this port
         connect_timeout_url = 'http://10.255.255.255'
@@ -560,7 +538,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
                     rh, Request(connect_timeout_url, extensions={'timeout': 0.01}))
                 assert 0.01 <= time.time() - now < 20
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_source_address(self, handler):
         source_address = f'127.0.0.{random.randint(5, 255)}'
         # on some systems these loopback addresses we need for testing may not be available
@@ -572,13 +549,13 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             assert source_address == data
 
     # Not supported by CurlCFFI
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'not supported by curl-cffi')
     def test_gzip_trailing_garbage(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             data = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://localhost:{self.http_port}/trailing_garbage')).read().decode()
             assert data == '<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'not applicable to curl-cffi')
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not brotli, reason='brotli support is not installed')
     def test_brotli(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
@@ -589,7 +566,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'br'
             assert res.read() == b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_deflate(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             res = validate_and_send(
@@ -599,7 +575,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'deflate'
             assert res.read() == b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_gzip(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             res = validate_and_send(
@@ -609,7 +584,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'gzip'
             assert res.read() == b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_multiple_encodings(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             for pair in ('gzip,deflate', 'deflate, gzip', 'gzip, gzip', 'deflate, deflate'):
@@ -620,8 +594,7 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
                 assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == pair
                 assert res.read() == b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
 
-    # Not supported by curl_cffi
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'not supported by curl-cffi')
     def test_unsupported_encoding(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             res = validate_and_send(
@@ -631,7 +604,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'unsupported'
             assert res.read() == b'raw'
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_read(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             res = validate_and_send(
@@ -642,83 +614,48 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             assert res.read().decode().endswith('\n\n')
             assert res.read() == b''
 
+    def test_request_disable_proxy(self, handler):
+        for proxy_proto in handler._SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES or ['http']:
+            # Given the handler is configured with a proxy
+            with handler(proxies={'http': f'{proxy_proto}://10.255.255.255'}, timeout=5) as rh:
+                # When a proxy is explicitly set to None for the request
+                res = validate_and_send(
+                    rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', proxies={'http': None}))
+                # Then no proxy should be used
+                res.close()
+                assert res.status == 200
 
-class TestHTTPProxy(TestRequestHandlerBase):
-    # Note: this only tests http urls over non-CONNECT proxy
-    @classmethod
-    def setup_class(cls):
-        super().setup_class()
-        # HTTP Proxy server
-        cls.proxy = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
-            ('127.0.0.1', 0), _build_proxy_handler('normal'))
-        cls.proxy_port = http_server_port(cls.proxy)
-        cls.proxy_thread = threading.Thread(target=cls.proxy.serve_forever)
-        cls.proxy_thread.daemon = True
-        cls.proxy_thread.start()
-
-        # Geo proxy server
-        cls.geo_proxy = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
-            ('127.0.0.1', 0), _build_proxy_handler('geo'))
-        cls.geo_port = http_server_port(cls.geo_proxy)
-        cls.geo_proxy_thread = threading.Thread(target=cls.geo_proxy.serve_forever)
-        cls.geo_proxy_thread.daemon = True
-        cls.geo_proxy_thread.start()
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
-    def test_http_proxy(self, handler):
-        http_proxy = f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.proxy_port}'
-        geo_proxy = f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.geo_port}'
-
-        # Test global http proxy
-        # Test per request http proxy
-        # Test per request http proxy disables proxy
-        url = 'http://foo.com/bar'
-
-        # Global HTTP proxy
-        with handler(proxies={'http': http_proxy}) as rh:
-            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(url)).read().decode()
-            assert res == f'normal: {url}'
-
-            # Per request proxy overrides global
-            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(url, proxies={'http': geo_proxy})).read().decode()
-            assert res == f'geo: {url}'
-
-            # and setting to None disables all proxies for that request
-            real_url = f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers'
-            res = validate_and_send(
-                rh, Request(real_url, proxies={'http': None})).read().decode()
-            assert res != f'normal: {real_url}'
-            assert 'Accept' in res
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handlers_if(
+        lambda _, handler: Features.NO_PROXY not in handler._SUPPORTED_FEATURES, 'handler does not support NO_PROXY')
     def test_noproxy(self, handler):
-        with handler(proxies={'proxy': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.proxy_port}'}) as rh:
-            # NO_PROXY
-            for no_proxy in (f'127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}', '127.0.0.1', 'localhost'):
-                nop_response = validate_and_send(
-                    rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', proxies={'no': no_proxy})).read().decode(
-                    'utf-8')
-                assert 'Accept' in nop_response
+        for proxy_proto in handler._SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES or ['http']:
+            # Given the handler is configured with a proxy
+            with handler(proxies={'http': f'{proxy_proto}://10.255.255.255'}, timeout=5) as rh:
+                for no_proxy in (f'127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}', '127.0.0.1', 'localhost'):
+                    # When request no proxy includes the request url host
+                    nop_response = validate_and_send(
+                        rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', proxies={'no': no_proxy}))
+                    # Then the proxy should not be used
+                    assert nop_response.status == 200
+                    nop_response.close()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handlers_if(
+        lambda _, handler: Features.ALL_PROXY not in handler._SUPPORTED_FEATURES, 'handler does not support ALL_PROXY')
     def test_allproxy(self, handler):
-        url = 'http://foo.com/bar'
-        with handler() as rh:
-            response = validate_and_send(rh, Request(url, proxies={'all': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.proxy_port}'})).read().decode(
-                'utf-8')
-            assert response == f'normal: {url}'
+        # This is a bit of a hacky test, but it should be enough to check whether the handler is using the proxy.
+        # 0.1s might not be enough of a timeout if proxy is not used in all cases, but should still get failures.
+        with handler(proxies={'all': 'http://10.255.255.255'}, timeout=0.1) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
+                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers')).close()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
-    def test_http_proxy_with_idn(self, handler):
-        with handler(proxies={
-            'http': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.proxy_port}',
-        }) as rh:
-            url = 'http://中文.tw/'
-            response = rh.send(Request(url)).read().decode()
-            # b'xn--fiq228c' is '中文'.encode('idna')
-            assert response == 'normal: http://xn--fiq228c.tw/'
+        with handler(timeout=0.1) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
+                validate_and_send(
+                    rh, Request(
+                        f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', proxies={'all': 'http://10.255.255.255'})).close()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
 class TestClientCertificate:
     @classmethod
     def setup_class(cls):
@@ -745,27 +682,23 @@ class TestClientCertificate:
         ) as rh:
             validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{self.port}/video.html')).read().decode()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_certificate_combined_nopass(self, handler):
         self._run_test(handler, client_cert={
             'client_certificate': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'clientwithkey.crt'),
         })
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_certificate_nocombined_nopass(self, handler):
         self._run_test(handler, client_cert={
             'client_certificate': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'client.crt'),
             'client_certificate_key': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'client.key'),
         })
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_certificate_combined_pass(self, handler):
         self._run_test(handler, client_cert={
             'client_certificate': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'clientwithencryptedkey.crt'),
             'client_certificate_password': 'foobar',
         })
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
     def test_certificate_nocombined_pass(self, handler):
         self._run_test(handler, client_cert={
             'client_certificate': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'client.crt'),
@@ -785,6 +718,25 @@ class TestHTTPImpersonateRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
                 assert res.status == 200
                 assert std_headers['user-agent'].lower() not in res.read().decode().lower()
 
+    def test_response_extensions(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            for target in rh.supported_targets:
+                request = Request(
+                    f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/gen_200', extensions={'impersonate': target})
+                res = validate_and_send(rh, request)
+                assert res.extensions['impersonate'] == rh._get_request_target(request)
+
+    def test_http_error_response_extensions(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            for target in rh.supported_targets:
+                request = Request(
+                    f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/gen_404', extensions={'impersonate': target})
+                try:
+                    validate_and_send(rh, request)
+                except HTTPError as e:
+                    res = e.response
+                assert res.extensions['impersonate'] == rh._get_request_target(request)
+
 
 class TestRequestHandlerMisc:
     """Misc generic tests for request handlers, not related to request or validation testing"""
@@ -805,8 +757,8 @@ class TestRequestHandlerMisc:
         assert len(logging_handlers) == before_count
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
 class TestUrllibRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
     def test_file_urls(self, handler):
         # See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8227
         tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
@@ -828,7 +780,6 @@ class TestUrllibRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
 
         os.unlink(tf.name)
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
     def test_http_error_returns_content(self, handler):
         # urllib HTTPError will try close the underlying response if reference to the HTTPError object is lost
         def get_response():
@@ -841,7 +792,6 @@ class TestUrllibRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
 
         assert get_response().read() == b'<html></html>'
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
     def test_verify_cert_error_text(self, handler):
         # Check the output of the error message
         with handler() as rh:
@@ -851,7 +801,6 @@ class TestUrllibRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
             ):
                 validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{self.https_port}/headers'))
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('req,match,version_check', [
         # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/987b712b4aeeece336eed24fcc87a950a756c3e2/Lib/http/client.py#L1256
         # bpo-39603: Check implemented in 3.7.9+, 3.8.5+
@@ -1183,7 +1132,7 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
     ]
 
     PROXY_SCHEME_TESTS = [
-        # scheme, expected to fail
+        # proxy scheme, expected to fail
         ('Urllib', 'http', [
             ('http', False),
             ('https', UnsupportedRequest),
@@ -1209,30 +1158,41 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
             ('socks5', False),
             ('socks5h', False),
         ]),
+        ('Websockets', 'ws', [
+            ('http', UnsupportedRequest),
+            ('https', UnsupportedRequest),
+            ('socks4', False),
+            ('socks4a', False),
+            ('socks5', False),
+            ('socks5h', False),
+        ]),
         (NoCheckRH, 'http', [('http', False)]),
         (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http', [('http', UnsupportedRequest)]),
-        ('Websockets', 'ws', [('http', UnsupportedRequest)]),
         (NoCheckRH, 'http', [('http', False)]),
         (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http', [('http', UnsupportedRequest)]),
     ]
 
     PROXY_KEY_TESTS = [
-        # key, expected to fail
-        ('Urllib', [
-            ('all', False),
-            ('unrelated', False),
+        # proxy key, proxy scheme, expected to fail
+        ('Urllib', 'http', [
+            ('all', 'http', False),
+            ('unrelated', 'http', False),
         ]),
-        ('Requests', [
-            ('all', False),
-            ('unrelated', False),
+        ('Requests', 'http', [
+            ('all', 'http', False),
+            ('unrelated', 'http', False),
         ]),
-        ('CurlCFFI', [
-            ('all', False),
-            ('unrelated', False),
+        ('CurlCFFI', 'http', [
+            ('all', 'http', False),
+            ('unrelated', 'http', False),
         ]),
-        (NoCheckRH, [('all', False)]),
-        (HTTPSupportedRH, [('all', UnsupportedRequest)]),
-        (HTTPSupportedRH, [('no', UnsupportedRequest)]),
+        ('Websockets', 'ws', [
+            ('all', 'socks5', False),
+            ('unrelated', 'socks5', False),
+        ]),
+        (NoCheckRH, 'http', [('all', 'http', False)]),
+        (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http', [('all', 'http', UnsupportedRequest)]),
+        (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http', [('no', 'http', UnsupportedRequest)]),
     ]
 
     EXTENSION_TESTS = [
@@ -1274,28 +1234,54 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
         ]),
     ]
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,fail,scheme', [
+        ('Urllib', False, 'http'),
+        ('Requests', False, 'http'),
+        ('CurlCFFI', False, 'http'),
+        ('Websockets', False, 'ws')
+    ], indirect=['handler'])
+    def test_no_proxy(self, handler, fail, scheme):
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{scheme}://', proxies={'no': '127.0.0.1,github.com'}))
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{scheme}://'), proxies={'no': '127.0.0.1,github.com'})
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,scheme', [
+        ('Urllib', 'http'),
+        (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http'),
+        ('Requests', 'http'),
+        ('CurlCFFI', 'http'),
+        ('Websockets', 'ws')
+    ], indirect=['handler'])
+    def test_empty_proxy(self, handler, scheme):
+        run_validation(handler, False, Request(f'{scheme}://', proxies={scheme: None}))
+        run_validation(handler, False, Request(f'{scheme}://'), proxies={scheme: None})
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('proxy_url', ['//example.com', 'example.com', '127.0.0.1', '/a/b/c'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,scheme', [
+        ('Urllib', 'http'),
+        (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http'),
+        ('Requests', 'http'),
+        ('CurlCFFI', 'http'),
+        ('Websockets', 'ws')
+    ], indirect=['handler'])
+    def test_invalid_proxy_url(self, handler, scheme, proxy_url):
+        run_validation(handler, UnsupportedRequest, Request(f'{scheme}://', proxies={scheme: proxy_url}))
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,scheme,fail,handler_kwargs', [
         (handler_tests[0], scheme, fail, handler_kwargs)
         for handler_tests in URL_SCHEME_TESTS
         for scheme, fail, handler_kwargs in handler_tests[1]
-
     ], indirect=['handler'])
     def test_url_scheme(self, handler, scheme, fail, handler_kwargs):
         run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{scheme}://'), **(handler_kwargs or {}))
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,fail', [('Urllib', False), ('Requests', False), ('CurlCFFI', False)], indirect=['handler'])
-    def test_no_proxy(self, handler, fail):
-        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://', proxies={'no': '127.0.0.1,github.com'}))
-        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://'), proxies={'no': '127.0.0.1,github.com'})
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,proxy_key,fail', [
-        (handler_tests[0], proxy_key, fail)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,scheme,proxy_key,proxy_scheme,fail', [
+        (handler_tests[0], handler_tests[1], proxy_key, proxy_scheme, fail)
         for handler_tests in PROXY_KEY_TESTS
-        for proxy_key, fail in handler_tests[1]
+        for proxy_key, proxy_scheme, fail in handler_tests[2]
     ], indirect=['handler'])
-    def test_proxy_key(self, handler, proxy_key, fail):
-        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://', proxies={proxy_key: 'http://example.com'}))
-        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://'), proxies={proxy_key: 'http://example.com'})
+    def test_proxy_key(self, handler, scheme, proxy_key, proxy_scheme, fail):
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{scheme}://', proxies={proxy_key: f'{proxy_scheme}://example.com'}))
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{scheme}://'), proxies={proxy_key: f'{proxy_scheme}://example.com'})
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,req_scheme,scheme,fail', [
         (handler_tests[0], handler_tests[1], scheme, fail)
@@ -1306,16 +1292,6 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
         run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{req_scheme}://', proxies={req_scheme: f'{scheme}://example.com'}))
         run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{req_scheme}://'), proxies={req_scheme: f'{scheme}://example.com'})
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', HTTPSupportedRH, 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
-    def test_empty_proxy(self, handler):
-        run_validation(handler, False, Request('http://', proxies={'http': None}))
-        run_validation(handler, False, Request('http://'), proxies={'http': None})
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('proxy_url', ['//example.com', 'example.com', '127.0.0.1', '/a/b/c'])
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
-    def test_invalid_proxy_url(self, handler, proxy_url):
-        run_validation(handler, UnsupportedRequest, Request('http://', proxies={'http': proxy_url}))
-
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,scheme,extensions,fail', [
         (handler_tests[0], handler_tests[1], extensions, fail)
         for handler_tests in EXTENSION_TESTS
diff --git a/test/test_traversal.py b/test/test_traversal.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b2a27b08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_traversal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+import http.cookies
+import re
+import xml.etree.ElementTree
+
+import pytest
+
+from yt_dlp.utils import dict_get, int_or_none, str_or_none
+from yt_dlp.utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+_TEST_DATA = {
+    100: 100,
+    1.2: 1.2,
+    'str': 'str',
+    'None': None,
+    '...': ...,
+    'urls': [
+        {'index': 0, 'url': 'https://www.example.com/0'},
+        {'index': 1, 'url': 'https://www.example.com/1'},
+    ],
+    'data': (
+        {'index': 2},
+        {'index': 3},
+    ),
+    'dict': {},
+}
+
+
+class TestTraversal:
+    def test_traversal_base(self):
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('str',)) == 'str', \
+            'allow tuple path'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['str']) == 'str', \
+            'allow list path'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (value for value in ("str",))) == 'str', \
+            'allow iterable path'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'str') == 'str', \
+            'single items should be treated as a path'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 100) == 100, \
+            'allow int path'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 1.2) == 1.2, \
+            'allow float path'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, None) == _TEST_DATA, \
+            '`None` should not perform any modification'
+
+    def test_traversal_ellipsis(self):
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ...) == [x for x in _TEST_DATA.values() if x not in (None, {})], \
+            '`...` should give all non discarded values'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', 0, ...)) == list(_TEST_DATA['urls'][0].values()), \
+            '`...` selection for dicts should select all values'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., ..., 'url')) == ['https://www.example.com/0', 'https://www.example.com/1'], \
+            'nested `...` queries should work'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., ..., 'index')) == list(range(4)), \
+            '`...` query result should be flattened'
+        assert traverse_obj(iter(range(4)), ...) == list(range(4)), \
+            '`...` should accept iterables'
+
+    def test_traversal_function(self):
+        filter_func = lambda x, y: x == 'urls' and isinstance(y, list)
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, filter_func) == [_TEST_DATA['urls']], \
+            'function as query key should perform a filter based on (key, value)'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda _, x: isinstance(x[0], str)) == ['str'], \
+            'exceptions in the query function should be catched'
+        assert traverse_obj(iter(range(4)), lambda _, x: x % 2 == 0) == [0, 2], \
+            'function key should accept iterables'
+        # Wrong function signature should raise (debug mode)
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda a: ...)
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda a, b, c: ...)
+
+    def test_traversal_set(self):
+        # transformation/type, like `expected_type`
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str.upper}, )) == ['STR'], \
+            'Function in set should be a transformation'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str})) == ['str'], \
+            'Type in set should be a type filter'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str, int})) == [100, 'str'], \
+            'Multiple types in set should be a type filter'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {dict}) == _TEST_DATA, \
+            'A single set should be wrapped into a path'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str.upper})) == ['STR'], \
+            'Transformation function should not raise'
+        expected = [x for x in map(str_or_none, _TEST_DATA.values()) if x is not None]
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str_or_none})) == expected, \
+            'Function in set should be a transformation'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('fail', {lambda _: 'const'})) == 'const', \
+            'Function in set should always be called'
+        # Sets with length < 1 or > 1 not including only types should raise
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, set())
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {str.upper, str})
+
+    def test_traversal_slice(self):
+        _SLICE_DATA = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('dict', slice(1))) is None, \
+            'slice on a dictionary should not throw'
+        assert traverse_obj(_SLICE_DATA, slice(1)) == _SLICE_DATA[:1], \
+            'slice key should apply slice to sequence'
+        assert traverse_obj(_SLICE_DATA, slice(1, 2)) == _SLICE_DATA[1:2], \
+            'slice key should apply slice to sequence'
+        assert traverse_obj(_SLICE_DATA, slice(1, 4, 2)) == _SLICE_DATA[1:4:2], \
+            'slice key should apply slice to sequence'
+
+    def test_traversal_alternatives(self):
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'fail', 'str') == 'str', \
+            'multiple `paths` should be treated as alternative paths'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'str', 100) == 'str', \
+            'alternatives should exit early'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'fail', 'fail') is None, \
+            'alternatives should return `default` if exhausted'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., 'fail'), 100) == 100, \
+            'alternatives should track their own branching return'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('dict', ...), ('data', ...)) == list(_TEST_DATA['data']), \
+            'alternatives on empty objects should search further'
+
+    def test_traversal_branching_nesting(self):
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', (3, 0), 'url')) == ['https://www.example.com/0'], \
+            'tuple as key should be treated as branches'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', [3, 0], 'url')) == ['https://www.example.com/0'], \
+            'list as key should be treated as branches'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', ((1, 'fail'), (0, 'url')))) == ['https://www.example.com/0'], \
+            'double nesting in path should be treated as paths'
+        assert traverse_obj(['0', [1, 2]], [(0, 1), 0]) == [1], \
+            'do not fail early on branching'
+        expected = ['https://www.example.com/0', 'https://www.example.com/1']
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', ((0, ('fail', 'url')), (1, 'url')))) == expected, \
+            'tripple nesting in path should be treated as branches'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', ('fail', (..., 'url')))) == expected, \
+            'ellipsis as branch path start gets flattened'
+
+    def test_traversal_dict(self):
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 100, 1: 1.2}) == {0: 100, 1: 1.2}, \
+            'dict key should result in a dict with the same keys'
+        expected = {0: 'https://www.example.com/0'}
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('urls', 0, 'url')}) == expected, \
+            'dict key should allow paths'
+        expected = {0: ['https://www.example.com/0']}
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('urls', (3, 0), 'url')}) == expected, \
+            'tuple in dict path should be treated as branches'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('urls', ((1, 'fail'), (0, 'url')))}) == expected, \
+            'double nesting in dict path should be treated as paths'
+        expected = {0: ['https://www.example.com/1', 'https://www.example.com/0']}
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('urls', ((1, ('fail', 'url')), (0, 'url')))}) == expected, \
+            'tripple nesting in dict path should be treated as branches'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 'fail'}) == {}, \
+            'remove `None` values when top level dict key fails'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 'fail'}, default=...) == {0: ...}, \
+            'use `default` if key fails and `default`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 'dict'}) == {}, \
+            'remove empty values when dict key'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 'dict'}, default=...) == {0: ...}, \
+            'use `default` when dict key and `default`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: {0: 'fail'}}) == {}, \
+            'remove empty values when nested dict key fails'
+        assert traverse_obj(None, {0: 'fail'}) == {}, \
+            'default to dict if pruned'
+        assert traverse_obj(None, {0: 'fail'}, default=...) == {0: ...}, \
+            'default to dict if pruned and default is given'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: {0: 'fail'}}, default=...) == {0: {0: ...}}, \
+            'use nested `default` when nested dict key fails and `default`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('dict', ...)}) == {}, \
+            'remove key if branch in dict key not successful'
+
+    def test_traversal_default(self):
+        _DEFAULT_DATA = {'None': None, 'int': 0, 'list': []}
+
+        assert traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'fail') is None, \
+            'default value should be `None`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'fail', 'fail', default=...) == ..., \
+            'chained fails should result in default'
+        assert traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'None', 'int') == 0, \
+            'should not short cirquit on `None`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'fail', default=1) == 1, \
+            'invalid dict key should result in `default`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'None', default=1) == 1, \
+            '`None` is a deliberate sentinel and should become `default`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, ('list', 10)) is None, \
+            '`IndexError` should result in `default`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, (..., 'fail'), default=1) == 1, \
+            'if branched but not successful return `default` if defined, not `[]`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, (..., 'fail'), default=None) is None, \
+            'if branched but not successful return `default` even if `default` is `None`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, (..., 'fail')) == [], \
+            'if branched but not successful return `[]`, not `default`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, ('list', ...)) == [], \
+            'if branched but object is empty return `[]`, not `default`'
+        assert traverse_obj(None, ...) == [], \
+            'if branched but object is `None` return `[]`, not `default`'
+        assert traverse_obj({0: None}, (0, ...)) == [], \
+            'if branched but state is `None` return `[]`, not `default`'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('path', [
+        ('fail', ...),
+        (..., 'fail'),
+        100 * ('fail',) + (...,),
+        (...,) + 100 * ('fail',),
+    ])
+    def test_traversal_branching(self, path):
+        assert traverse_obj({}, path) == [], \
+            'if branched but state is `None`, return `[]` (not `default`)'
+        assert traverse_obj({}, 'fail', path) == [], \
+            'if branching in last alternative and previous did not match, return `[]` (not `default`)'
+        assert traverse_obj({0: 'x'}, 0, path) == 'x', \
+            'if branching in last alternative and previous did match, return single value'
+        assert traverse_obj({0: 'x'}, path, 0) == 'x', \
+            'if branching in first alternative and non-branching path does match, return single value'
+        assert traverse_obj({}, path, 'fail') is None, \
+            'if branching in first alternative and non-branching path does not match, return `default`'
+
+    def test_traversal_expected_type(self):
+        _EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA = {'str': 'str', 'int': 0}
+
+        assert traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, 'str', expected_type=str) == 'str', \
+            'accept matching `expected_type` type'
+        assert traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, 'str', expected_type=int) is None, \
+            'reject non matching `expected_type` type'
+        assert traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, 'int', expected_type=lambda x: str(x)) == '0', \
+            'transform type using type function'
+        assert traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, 'str', expected_type=lambda _: 1 / 0) is None, \
+            'wrap expected_type fuction in try_call'
+        assert traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, ..., expected_type=str) == ['str'], \
+            'eliminate items that expected_type fails on'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 100, 1: 1.2}, expected_type=int) == {0: 100}, \
+            'type as expected_type should filter dict values'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 100, 1: 1.2, 2: 'None'}, expected_type=str_or_none) == {0: '100', 1: '1.2'}, \
+            'function as expected_type should transform dict values'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ({0: 1.2}, 0, {int_or_none}), expected_type=int) == 1, \
+            'expected_type should not filter non final dict values'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: {0: 100, 1: 'str'}}, expected_type=int) == {0: {0: 100}}, \
+            'expected_type should transform deep dict values'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [({0: '...'}, {0: '...'})], expected_type=type(...)) == [{0: ...}, {0: ...}], \
+            'expected_type should transform branched dict values'
+        assert traverse_obj({1: {3: 4}}, [(1, 2), 3], expected_type=int) == [4], \
+            'expected_type regression for type matching in tuple branching'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['data', ...], expected_type=int) == [], \
+            'expected_type regression for type matching in dict result'
+
+    def test_traversal_get_all(self):
+        _GET_ALL_DATA = {'key': [0, 1, 2]}
+
+        assert traverse_obj(_GET_ALL_DATA, ('key', ...), get_all=False) == 0, \
+            'if not `get_all`, return only first matching value'
+        assert traverse_obj(_GET_ALL_DATA, ..., get_all=False) == [0, 1, 2], \
+            'do not overflatten if not `get_all`'
+
+    def test_traversal_casesense(self):
+        _CASESENSE_DATA = {
+            'KeY': 'value0',
+            0: {
+                'KeY': 'value1',
+                0: {'KeY': 'value2'},
+            },
+        }
+
+        assert traverse_obj(_CASESENSE_DATA, 'key') is None, \
+            'dict keys should be case sensitive unless `casesense`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_CASESENSE_DATA, 'keY', casesense=False) == 'value0', \
+            'allow non matching key case if `casesense`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_CASESENSE_DATA, [0, ('keY',)], casesense=False) == ['value1'], \
+            'allow non matching key case in branch if `casesense`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_CASESENSE_DATA, [0, ([0, 'keY'],)], casesense=False) == ['value2'], \
+            'allow non matching key case in branch path if `casesense`'
+
+    def test_traversal_traverse_string(self):
+        _TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA = {'str': 'str', 1.2: 1.2}
+
+        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', 0)) is None, \
+            'do not traverse into string if not `traverse_string`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', 0), traverse_string=True) == 's', \
+            'traverse into string if `traverse_string`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, (1.2, 1), traverse_string=True) == '.', \
+            'traverse into converted data if `traverse_string`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', ...), traverse_string=True) == 'str', \
+            '`...` should result in string (same value) if `traverse_string`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', slice(0, None, 2)), traverse_string=True) == 'sr', \
+            '`slice` should result in string if `traverse_string`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', lambda i, v: i or v == "s"), traverse_string=True) == 'str', \
+            'function should result in string if `traverse_string`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', (0, 2)), traverse_string=True) == ['s', 'r'], \
+            'branching should result in list if `traverse_string`'
+        assert traverse_obj({}, (0, ...), traverse_string=True) == [], \
+            'branching should result in list if `traverse_string`'
+        assert traverse_obj({}, (0, lambda x, y: True), traverse_string=True) == [], \
+            'branching should result in list if `traverse_string`'
+        assert traverse_obj({}, (0, slice(1)), traverse_string=True) == [], \
+            'branching should result in list if `traverse_string`'
+
+    def test_traversal_re(self):
+        mobj = re.fullmatch(r'0(12)(?P<group>3)(4)?', '0123')
+        assert traverse_obj(mobj, ...) == [x for x in mobj.groups() if x is not None], \
+            '`...` on a `re.Match` should give its `groups()`'
+        assert traverse_obj(mobj, lambda k, _: k in (0, 2)) == ['0123', '3'], \
+            'function on a `re.Match` should give groupno, value starting at 0'
+        assert traverse_obj(mobj, 'group') == '3', \
+            'str key on a `re.Match` should give group with that name'
+        assert traverse_obj(mobj, 2) == '3', \
+            'int key on a `re.Match` should give group with that name'
+        assert traverse_obj(mobj, 'gRoUp', casesense=False) == '3', \
+            'str key on a `re.Match` should respect casesense'
+        assert traverse_obj(mobj, 'fail') is None, \
+            'failing str key on a `re.Match` should return `default`'
+        assert traverse_obj(mobj, 'gRoUpS', casesense=False) is None, \
+            'failing str key on a `re.Match` should return `default`'
+        assert traverse_obj(mobj, 8) is None, \
+            'failing int key on a `re.Match` should return `default`'
+        assert traverse_obj(mobj, lambda k, _: k in (0, 'group')) == ['0123', '3'], \
+            'function on a `re.Match` should give group name as well'
+
+    def test_traversal_xml_etree(self):
+        etree = xml.etree.ElementTree.fromstring('''<?xml version="1.0"?>
+        <data>
+            <country name="Liechtenstein">
+                <rank>1</rank>
+                <year>2008</year>
+                <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
+                <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
+                <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
+            </country>
+            <country name="Singapore">
+                <rank>4</rank>
+                <year>2011</year>
+                <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
+                <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
+            </country>
+            <country name="Panama">
+                <rank>68</rank>
+                <year>2011</year>
+                <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
+                <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
+                <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
+            </country>
+        </data>''')
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, '') == etree, \
+            'empty str key should return the element itself'
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, 'country') == list(etree), \
+            'str key should lead all children with that tag name'
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, ...) == list(etree), \
+            '`...` as key should return all children'
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, lambda _, x: x[0].text == '4') == [etree[1]], \
+            'function as key should get element as value'
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, lambda i, _: i == 1) == [etree[1]], \
+            'function as key should get index as key'
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, 0) == etree[0], \
+            'int key should return the nth child'
+        expected = ['Austria', 'Switzerland', 'Malaysia', 'Costa Rica', 'Colombia']
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, './/neighbor/@name') == expected, \
+            '`@<attribute>` at end of path should give that attribute'
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, '//neighbor/@fail') == [None, None, None, None, None], \
+            '`@<nonexistant>` at end of path should give `None`'
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, ('//neighbor/@', 2)) == {'name': 'Malaysia', 'direction': 'N'}, \
+            '`@` should give the full attribute dict'
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, '//year/text()') == ['2008', '2011', '2011'], \
+            '`text()` at end of path should give the inner text'
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, '//*[@direction]/@direction') == ['E', 'W', 'N', 'W', 'E'], \
+            'full Python xpath features should be supported'
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, (0, '@name')) == 'Liechtenstein', \
+            'special transformations should act on current element'
+        assert traverse_obj(etree, ('country', 0, ..., 'text()', {int_or_none})) == [1, 2008, 141100], \
+            'special transformations should act on current element'
+
+    def test_traversal_unbranching(self):
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [(100, 1.2), all]) == [100, 1.2], \
+            '`all` should give all results as list'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [(100, 1.2), any]) == 100, \
+            '`any` should give the first result'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [100, all]) == [100], \
+            '`all` should give list if non branching'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [100, any]) == 100, \
+            '`any` should give single item if non branching'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [('dict', 'None', 100), all]) == [100], \
+            '`all` should filter `None` and empty dict'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [('dict', 'None', 100), any]) == 100, \
+            '`any` should filter `None` and empty dict'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [{
+            'all': [('dict', 'None', 100, 1.2), all],
+            'any': [('dict', 'None', 100, 1.2), any],
+        }]) == {'all': [100, 1.2], 'any': 100}, \
+            '`all`/`any` should apply to each dict path separately'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [{
+            'all': [('dict', 'None', 100, 1.2), all],
+            'any': [('dict', 'None', 100, 1.2), any],
+        }], get_all=False) == {'all': [100, 1.2], 'any': 100}, \
+            '`all`/`any` should apply to dict regardless of `get_all`'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [('dict', 'None', 100, 1.2), all, {float}]) is None, \
+            '`all` should reset branching status'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [('dict', 'None', 100, 1.2), any, {float}]) is None, \
+            '`any` should reset branching status'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [('dict', 'None', 100, 1.2), all, ..., {float}]) == [1.2], \
+            '`all` should allow further branching'
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [('dict', 'None', 'urls', 'data'), any, ..., 'index']) == [0, 1], \
+            '`any` should allow further branching'
+
+    def test_traversal_morsel(self):
+        values = {
+            'expires': 'a',
+            'path': 'b',
+            'comment': 'c',
+            'domain': 'd',
+            'max-age': 'e',
+            'secure': 'f',
+            'httponly': 'g',
+            'version': 'h',
+            'samesite': 'i',
+        }
+        morsel = http.cookies.Morsel()
+        morsel.set('item_key', 'item_value', 'coded_value')
+        morsel.update(values)
+        values['key'] = 'item_key'
+        values['value'] = 'item_value'
+
+        for key, value in values.items():
+            assert traverse_obj(morsel, key) == value, \
+                'Morsel should provide access to all values'
+        assert traverse_obj(morsel, ...) == list(values.values()), \
+            '`...` should yield all values'
+        assert traverse_obj(morsel, lambda k, v: True) == list(values.values()), \
+            'function key should yield all values'
+        assert traverse_obj(morsel, [(None,), any]) == morsel, \
+            'Morsel should not be implicitly changed to dict on usage'
+
+
+class TestDictGet:
+    def test_dict_get(self):
+        FALSE_VALUES = {
+            'none': None,
+            'false': False,
+            'zero': 0,
+            'empty_string': '',
+            'empty_list': [],
+        }
+        d = {**FALSE_VALUES, 'a': 42}
+        assert dict_get(d, 'a') == 42
+        assert dict_get(d, 'b') is None
+        assert dict_get(d, 'b', 42) == 42
+        assert dict_get(d, ('a',)) == 42
+        assert dict_get(d, ('b', 'a')) == 42
+        assert dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', 'a', 'd')) == 42
+        assert dict_get(d, ('b', 'c')) is None
+        assert dict_get(d, ('b', 'c'), 42) == 42
+        for key, false_value in FALSE_VALUES.items():
+            assert dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', key)) is None
+            assert dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', key), skip_false_values=False) == false_value
diff --git a/test/test_utils.py b/test/test_utils.py
index a3073f0e0..816cf03f6 100644
--- a/test/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_utils.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 # Allow direct execution
 import os
-import re
 import sys
 import unittest
 import warnings
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@ from yt_dlp.utils import (
     determine_ext,
     determine_file_encoding,
     dfxp2srt,
-    dict_get,
     encode_base_n,
     encode_compat_str,
     encodeFilename,
@@ -106,13 +104,11 @@ from yt_dlp.utils import (
     sanitize_url,
     shell_quote,
     smuggle_url,
-    str_or_none,
     str_to_int,
     strip_jsonp,
     strip_or_none,
     subtitles_filename,
     timeconvert,
-    traverse_obj,
     try_call,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_strdate,
@@ -755,28 +751,6 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(
             ValueError, multipart_encode, {b'field': b'value'}, boundary='value')
 
-    def test_dict_get(self):
-        FALSE_VALUES = {
-            'none': None,
-            'false': False,
-            'zero': 0,
-            'empty_string': '',
-            'empty_list': [],
-        }
-        d = FALSE_VALUES.copy()
-        d['a'] = 42
-        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, 'a'), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, 'b'), None)
-        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, 'b', 42), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('a', )), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'a', )), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', 'a', 'd', )), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', )), None)
-        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', ), 42), 42)
-        for key, false_value in FALSE_VALUES.items():
-            self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', key, )), None)
-            self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', key, ), skip_false_values=False), false_value)
-
     def test_merge_dicts(self):
         self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': 1}, {'b': 2}), {'a': 1, 'b': 2})
         self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': 1}, {'a': 2}), {'a': 1})
@@ -2039,359 +2013,6 @@ Line 1
             warnings.simplefilter('ignore')
             self.assertEqual(variadic('spam', allowed_types=[dict]), 'spam')
 
-    def test_traverse_obj(self):
-        _TEST_DATA = {
-            100: 100,
-            1.2: 1.2,
-            'str': 'str',
-            'None': None,
-            '...': ...,
-            'urls': [
-                {'index': 0, 'url': 'https://www.example.com/0'},
-                {'index': 1, 'url': 'https://www.example.com/1'},
-            ],
-            'data': (
-                {'index': 2},
-                {'index': 3},
-            ),
-            'dict': {},
-        }
-
-        # Test base functionality
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('str',)), 'str',
-                         msg='allow tuple path')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['str']), 'str',
-                         msg='allow list path')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (value for value in ("str",))), 'str',
-                         msg='allow iterable path')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'str'), 'str',
-                         msg='single items should be treated as a path')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, None), _TEST_DATA)
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 100), 100)
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 1.2), 1.2)
-
-        # Test Ellipsis behavior
-        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ...),
-                              (item for item in _TEST_DATA.values() if item not in (None, {})),
-                              msg='`...` should give all non discarded values')
-        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', 0, ...)), _TEST_DATA['urls'][0].values(),
-                              msg='`...` selection for dicts should select all values')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., ..., 'url')),
-                         ['https://www.example.com/0', 'https://www.example.com/1'],
-                         msg='nested `...` queries should work')
-        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., ..., 'index')), range(4),
-                              msg='`...` query result should be flattened')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(iter(range(4)), ...), list(range(4)),
-                         msg='`...` should accept iterables')
-
-        # Test function as key
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda x, y: x == 'urls' and isinstance(y, list)),
-                         [_TEST_DATA['urls']],
-                         msg='function as query key should perform a filter based on (key, value)')
-        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda _, x: isinstance(x[0], str)), {'str'},
-                              msg='exceptions in the query function should be catched')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(iter(range(4)), lambda _, x: x % 2 == 0), [0, 2],
-                         msg='function key should accept iterables')
-        if __debug__:
-            with self.assertRaises(Exception, msg='Wrong function signature should raise in debug'):
-                traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda a: ...)
-            with self.assertRaises(Exception, msg='Wrong function signature should raise in debug'):
-                traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda a, b, c: ...)
-
-        # Test set as key (transformation/type, like `expected_type`)
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str.upper}, )), ['STR'],
-                         msg='Function in set should be a transformation')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str})), ['str'],
-                         msg='Type in set should be a type filter')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {dict}), _TEST_DATA,
-                         msg='A single set should be wrapped into a path')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str.upper})), ['STR'],
-                         msg='Transformation function should not raise')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str_or_none})),
-                         [item for item in map(str_or_none, _TEST_DATA.values()) if item is not None],
-                         msg='Function in set should be a transformation')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('fail', {lambda _: 'const'})), 'const',
-                         msg='Function in set should always be called')
-        if __debug__:
-            with self.assertRaises(Exception, msg='Sets with length != 1 should raise in debug'):
-                traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, set())
-            with self.assertRaises(Exception, msg='Sets with length != 1 should raise in debug'):
-                traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {str.upper, str})
-
-        # Test `slice` as a key
-        _SLICE_DATA = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('dict', slice(1))), None,
-                         msg='slice on a dictionary should not throw')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_SLICE_DATA, slice(1)), _SLICE_DATA[:1],
-                         msg='slice key should apply slice to sequence')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_SLICE_DATA, slice(1, 2)), _SLICE_DATA[1:2],
-                         msg='slice key should apply slice to sequence')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_SLICE_DATA, slice(1, 4, 2)), _SLICE_DATA[1:4:2],
-                         msg='slice key should apply slice to sequence')
-
-        # Test alternative paths
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'fail', 'str'), 'str',
-                         msg='multiple `paths` should be treated as alternative paths')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'str', 100), 'str',
-                         msg='alternatives should exit early')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'fail', 'fail'), None,
-                         msg='alternatives should return `default` if exhausted')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., 'fail'), 100), 100,
-                         msg='alternatives should track their own branching return')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('dict', ...), ('data', ...)), list(_TEST_DATA['data']),
-                         msg='alternatives on empty objects should search further')
-
-        # Test branch and path nesting
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', (3, 0), 'url')), ['https://www.example.com/0'],
-                         msg='tuple as key should be treated as branches')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', [3, 0], 'url')), ['https://www.example.com/0'],
-                         msg='list as key should be treated as branches')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', ((1, 'fail'), (0, 'url')))), ['https://www.example.com/0'],
-                         msg='double nesting in path should be treated as paths')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(['0', [1, 2]], [(0, 1), 0]), [1],
-                         msg='do not fail early on branching')
-        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', ((1, ('fail', 'url')), (0, 'url')))),
-                              ['https://www.example.com/0', 'https://www.example.com/1'],
-                              msg='tripple nesting in path should be treated as branches')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', ('fail', (..., 'url')))),
-                         ['https://www.example.com/0', 'https://www.example.com/1'],
-                         msg='ellipsis as branch path start gets flattened')
-
-        # Test dictionary as key
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 100, 1: 1.2}), {0: 100, 1: 1.2},
-                         msg='dict key should result in a dict with the same keys')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('urls', 0, 'url')}),
-                         {0: 'https://www.example.com/0'},
-                         msg='dict key should allow paths')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('urls', (3, 0), 'url')}),
-                         {0: ['https://www.example.com/0']},
-                         msg='tuple in dict path should be treated as branches')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('urls', ((1, 'fail'), (0, 'url')))}),
-                         {0: ['https://www.example.com/0']},
-                         msg='double nesting in dict path should be treated as paths')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('urls', ((1, ('fail', 'url')), (0, 'url')))}),
-                         {0: ['https://www.example.com/1', 'https://www.example.com/0']},
-                         msg='tripple nesting in dict path should be treated as branches')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 'fail'}), {},
-                         msg='remove `None` values when top level dict key fails')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 'fail'}, default=...), {0: ...},
-                         msg='use `default` if key fails and `default`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 'dict'}), {},
-                         msg='remove empty values when dict key')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 'dict'}, default=...), {0: ...},
-                         msg='use `default` when dict key and `default`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: {0: 'fail'}}), {},
-                         msg='remove empty values when nested dict key fails')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(None, {0: 'fail'}), {},
-                         msg='default to dict if pruned')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(None, {0: 'fail'}, default=...), {0: ...},
-                         msg='default to dict if pruned and default is given')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: {0: 'fail'}}, default=...), {0: {0: ...}},
-                         msg='use nested `default` when nested dict key fails and `default`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('dict', ...)}), {},
-                         msg='remove key if branch in dict key not successful')
-
-        # Testing default parameter behavior
-        _DEFAULT_DATA = {'None': None, 'int': 0, 'list': []}
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'fail'), None,
-                         msg='default value should be `None`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'fail', 'fail', default=...), ...,
-                         msg='chained fails should result in default')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'None', 'int'), 0,
-                         msg='should not short cirquit on `None`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'fail', default=1), 1,
-                         msg='invalid dict key should result in `default`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'None', default=1), 1,
-                         msg='`None` is a deliberate sentinel and should become `default`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, ('list', 10)), None,
-                         msg='`IndexError` should result in `default`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, (..., 'fail'), default=1), 1,
-                         msg='if branched but not successful return `default` if defined, not `[]`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, (..., 'fail'), default=None), None,
-                         msg='if branched but not successful return `default` even if `default` is `None`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, (..., 'fail')), [],
-                         msg='if branched but not successful return `[]`, not `default`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, ('list', ...)), [],
-                         msg='if branched but object is empty return `[]`, not `default`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(None, ...), [],
-                         msg='if branched but object is `None` return `[]`, not `default`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({0: None}, (0, ...)), [],
-                         msg='if branched but state is `None` return `[]`, not `default`')
-
-        branching_paths = [
-            ('fail', ...),
-            (..., 'fail'),
-            100 * ('fail',) + (...,),
-            (...,) + 100 * ('fail',),
-        ]
-        for branching_path in branching_paths:
-            self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, branching_path), [],
-                             msg='if branched but state is `None`, return `[]` (not `default`)')
-            self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, 'fail', branching_path), [],
-                             msg='if branching in last alternative and previous did not match, return `[]` (not `default`)')
-            self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({0: 'x'}, 0, branching_path), 'x',
-                             msg='if branching in last alternative and previous did match, return single value')
-            self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({0: 'x'}, branching_path, 0), 'x',
-                             msg='if branching in first alternative and non-branching path does match, return single value')
-            self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, branching_path, 'fail'), None,
-                             msg='if branching in first alternative and non-branching path does not match, return `default`')
-
-        # Testing expected_type behavior
-        _EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA = {'str': 'str', 'int': 0}
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, 'str', expected_type=str),
-                         'str', msg='accept matching `expected_type` type')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, 'str', expected_type=int),
-                         None, msg='reject non matching `expected_type` type')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, 'int', expected_type=lambda x: str(x)),
-                         '0', msg='transform type using type function')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, 'str', expected_type=lambda _: 1 / 0),
-                         None, msg='wrap expected_type fuction in try_call')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, ..., expected_type=str),
-                         ['str'], msg='eliminate items that expected_type fails on')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 100, 1: 1.2}, expected_type=int),
-                         {0: 100}, msg='type as expected_type should filter dict values')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 100, 1: 1.2, 2: 'None'}, expected_type=str_or_none),
-                         {0: '100', 1: '1.2'}, msg='function as expected_type should transform dict values')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ({0: 1.2}, 0, {int_or_none}), expected_type=int),
-                         1, msg='expected_type should not filter non final dict values')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: {0: 100, 1: 'str'}}, expected_type=int),
-                         {0: {0: 100}}, msg='expected_type should transform deep dict values')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [({0: '...'}, {0: '...'})], expected_type=type(...)),
-                         [{0: ...}, {0: ...}], msg='expected_type should transform branched dict values')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({1: {3: 4}}, [(1, 2), 3], expected_type=int),
-                         [4], msg='expected_type regression for type matching in tuple branching')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['data', ...], expected_type=int),
-                         [], msg='expected_type regression for type matching in dict result')
-
-        # Test get_all behavior
-        _GET_ALL_DATA = {'key': [0, 1, 2]}
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_GET_ALL_DATA, ('key', ...), get_all=False), 0,
-                         msg='if not `get_all`, return only first matching value')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_GET_ALL_DATA, ..., get_all=False), [0, 1, 2],
-                         msg='do not overflatten if not `get_all`')
-
-        # Test casesense behavior
-        _CASESENSE_DATA = {
-            'KeY': 'value0',
-            0: {
-                'KeY': 'value1',
-                0: {'KeY': 'value2'},
-            },
-        }
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_CASESENSE_DATA, 'key'), None,
-                         msg='dict keys should be case sensitive unless `casesense`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_CASESENSE_DATA, 'keY',
-                                      casesense=False), 'value0',
-                         msg='allow non matching key case if `casesense`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_CASESENSE_DATA, (0, ('keY',)),
-                                      casesense=False), ['value1'],
-                         msg='allow non matching key case in branch if `casesense`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_CASESENSE_DATA, (0, ((0, 'keY'),)),
-                                      casesense=False), ['value2'],
-                         msg='allow non matching key case in branch path if `casesense`')
-
-        # Test traverse_string behavior
-        _TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA = {'str': 'str', 1.2: 1.2}
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', 0)), None,
-                         msg='do not traverse into string if not `traverse_string`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', 0),
-                                      traverse_string=True), 's',
-                         msg='traverse into string if `traverse_string`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, (1.2, 1),
-                                      traverse_string=True), '.',
-                         msg='traverse into converted data if `traverse_string`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', ...),
-                                      traverse_string=True), 'str',
-                         msg='`...` should result in string (same value) if `traverse_string`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', slice(0, None, 2)),
-                                      traverse_string=True), 'sr',
-                         msg='`slice` should result in string if `traverse_string`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', lambda i, v: i or v == "s"),
-                                      traverse_string=True), 'str',
-                         msg='function should result in string if `traverse_string`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', (0, 2)),
-                                      traverse_string=True), ['s', 'r'],
-                         msg='branching should result in list if `traverse_string`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, (0, ...), traverse_string=True), [],
-                         msg='branching should result in list if `traverse_string`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, (0, lambda x, y: True), traverse_string=True), [],
-                         msg='branching should result in list if `traverse_string`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, (0, slice(1)), traverse_string=True), [],
-                         msg='branching should result in list if `traverse_string`')
-
-        # Test re.Match as input obj
-        mobj = re.fullmatch(r'0(12)(?P<group>3)(4)?', '0123')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, ...), [x for x in mobj.groups() if x is not None],
-                         msg='`...` on a `re.Match` should give its `groups()`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, lambda k, _: k in (0, 2)), ['0123', '3'],
-                         msg='function on a `re.Match` should give groupno, value starting at 0')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, 'group'), '3',
-                         msg='str key on a `re.Match` should give group with that name')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, 2), '3',
-                         msg='int key on a `re.Match` should give group with that name')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, 'gRoUp', casesense=False), '3',
-                         msg='str key on a `re.Match` should respect casesense')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, 'fail'), None,
-                         msg='failing str key on a `re.Match` should return `default`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, 'gRoUpS', casesense=False), None,
-                         msg='failing str key on a `re.Match` should return `default`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, 8), None,
-                         msg='failing int key on a `re.Match` should return `default`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, lambda k, _: k in (0, 'group')), ['0123', '3'],
-                         msg='function on a `re.Match` should give group name as well')
-
-        # Test xml.etree.ElementTree.Element as input obj
-        etree = xml.etree.ElementTree.fromstring('''<?xml version="1.0"?>
-        <data>
-            <country name="Liechtenstein">
-                <rank>1</rank>
-                <year>2008</year>
-                <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
-                <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
-                <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
-            </country>
-            <country name="Singapore">
-                <rank>4</rank>
-                <year>2011</year>
-                <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
-                <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
-            </country>
-            <country name="Panama">
-                <rank>68</rank>
-                <year>2011</year>
-                <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
-                <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
-                <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
-            </country>
-        </data>''')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, ''), etree,
-                         msg='empty str key should return the element itself')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, 'country'), list(etree),
-                         msg='str key should lead all children with that tag name')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, ...), list(etree),
-                         msg='`...` as key should return all children')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, lambda _, x: x[0].text == '4'), [etree[1]],
-                         msg='function as key should get element as value')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, lambda i, _: i == 1), [etree[1]],
-                         msg='function as key should get index as key')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, 0), etree[0],
-                         msg='int key should return the nth child')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, './/neighbor/@name'),
-                         ['Austria', 'Switzerland', 'Malaysia', 'Costa Rica', 'Colombia'],
-                         msg='`@<attribute>` at end of path should give that attribute')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, '//neighbor/@fail'), [None, None, None, None, None],
-                         msg='`@<nonexistant>` at end of path should give `None`')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, ('//neighbor/@', 2)), {'name': 'Malaysia', 'direction': 'N'},
-                         msg='`@` should give the full attribute dict')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, '//year/text()'), ['2008', '2011', '2011'],
-                         msg='`text()` at end of path should give the inner text')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, '//*[@direction]/@direction'), ['E', 'W', 'N', 'W', 'E'],
-                         msg='full Python xpath features should be supported')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, (0, '@name')), 'Liechtenstein',
-                         msg='special transformations should act on current element')
-        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(etree, ('country', 0, ..., 'text()', {int_or_none})), [1, 2008, 141100],
-                         msg='special transformations should act on current element')
-
     def test_http_header_dict(self):
         headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
         headers['ytdl-test'] = b'0'
@@ -2438,7 +2059,22 @@ Line 1
         assert extract_basic_auth('http://user:pass@foo.bar') == ('http://foo.bar', 'Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz')
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(compat_os_name == 'nt', 'Only relevant on Windows')
-    def test_Popen_windows_escaping(self):
+    def test_windows_escaping(self):
+        tests = [
+            'test"&',
+            '%CMDCMDLINE:~-1%&',
+            'a\nb',
+            '"',
+            '\\',
+            '!',
+            '^!',
+            'a \\ b',
+            'a \\" b',
+            'a \\ b\\',
+            # We replace \r with \n
+            ('a\r\ra', 'a\n\na'),
+        ]
+
         def run_shell(args):
             stdout, stderr, error = Popen.run(
                 args, text=True, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
@@ -2446,11 +2082,15 @@ Line 1
             assert not error
             return stdout
 
-        # Test escaping
-        assert run_shell(['echo', 'test"&']) == '"test""&"\n'
-        # Test if delayed expansion is disabled
-        assert run_shell(['echo', '^!']) == '"^!"\n'
-        assert run_shell('echo "^!"') == '"^!"\n'
+        for argument in tests:
+            if isinstance(argument, str):
+                expected = argument
+            else:
+                argument, expected = argument
+
+            args = [sys.executable, '-c', 'import sys; print(end=sys.argv[1])', argument, 'end']
+            assert run_shell(args) == expected
+            assert run_shell(shell_quote(args, shell=True)) == expected
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/test/test_websockets.py b/test/test_websockets.py
index b294b0932..bc9f2187a 100644
--- a/test/test_websockets.py
+++ b/test/test_websockets.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import sys
 import pytest
 
 from test.helper import verify_address_availability
+from yt_dlp.networking.common import Features
 
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ import random
 import ssl
 import threading
 
-from yt_dlp import socks
+from yt_dlp import socks, traverse_obj
 from yt_dlp.cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar
 from yt_dlp.dependencies import websockets
 from yt_dlp.networking import Request
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ def ws_validate_and_send(rh, req):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not websockets, reason='websockets must be installed to test websocket request handlers')
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
 class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
     @classmethod
     def setup_class(cls):
@@ -129,7 +131,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
         cls.mtls_wss_thread, cls.mtls_wss_port = create_mtls_wss_websocket_server()
         cls.mtls_wss_base_url = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.mtls_wss_port}'
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     def test_basic_websockets(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
@@ -141,7 +142,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
 
     # https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6455.html#section-5.6
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('msg,opcode', [('str', 1), (b'bytes', 2)])
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     def test_send_types(self, handler, msg, opcode):
         with handler() as rh:
             ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
@@ -149,7 +149,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
             assert int(ws.recv()) == opcode
             ws.close()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     def test_verify_cert(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             with pytest.raises(CertificateVerifyError):
@@ -160,14 +159,12 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
             assert ws.status == 101
             ws.close()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     def test_ssl_error(self, handler):
         with handler(verify=False) as rh:
             with pytest.raises(SSLError, match=r'ssl(?:v3|/tls) alert handshake failure') as exc_info:
                 ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.bad_wss_host))
             assert not issubclass(exc_info.type, CertificateVerifyError)
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('path,expected', [
         # Unicode characters should be encoded with uppercase percent-encoding
         ('/中文', '/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87'),
@@ -182,7 +179,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
             assert ws.status == 101
             ws.close()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     def test_remove_dot_segments(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             # This isn't a comprehensive test,
@@ -195,7 +191,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
 
     # We are restricted to known HTTP status codes in http.HTTPStatus
     # Redirects are not supported for websockets
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('status', (200, 204, 301, 302, 303, 400, 500, 511))
     def test_raise_http_error(self, handler, status):
         with handler() as rh:
@@ -203,7 +198,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
                 ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'{self.ws_base_url}/gen_{status}'))
             assert exc_info.value.status == status
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('params,extensions', [
         ({'timeout': sys.float_info.min}, {}),
         ({}, {'timeout': sys.float_info.min}),
@@ -213,7 +207,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
             with pytest.raises(TransportError):
                 ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, extensions=extensions))
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     def test_cookies(self, handler):
         cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
         cookiejar.set_cookie(http.cookiejar.Cookie(
@@ -239,7 +232,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
             assert json.loads(ws.recv())['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
             ws.close()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     def test_source_address(self, handler):
         source_address = f'127.0.0.{random.randint(5, 255)}'
         verify_address_availability(source_address)
@@ -249,7 +241,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
             assert source_address == ws.recv()
             ws.close()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     def test_response_url(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
             url = f'{self.ws_base_url}/something'
@@ -257,7 +248,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
             assert ws.url == url
             ws.close()
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     def test_request_headers(self, handler):
         with handler(headers=HTTPHeaderDict({'test1': 'test', 'test2': 'test2'})) as rh:
             # Global Headers
@@ -293,7 +283,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
             'client_certificate_password': 'foobar',
         }
     ))
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
     def test_mtls(self, handler, client_cert):
         with handler(
             # Disable client-side validation of unacceptable self-signed testcert.pem
@@ -303,6 +292,44 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
         ) as rh:
             ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.mtls_wss_base_url)).close()
 
+    def test_request_disable_proxy(self, handler):
+        for proxy_proto in handler._SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES or ['ws']:
+            # Given handler is configured with a proxy
+            with handler(proxies={'ws': f'{proxy_proto}://10.255.255.255'}, timeout=5) as rh:
+                # When a proxy is explicitly set to None for the request
+                ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, proxies={'http': None}))
+                # Then no proxy should be used
+                assert ws.status == 101
+                ws.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handlers_if(
+        lambda _, handler: Features.NO_PROXY not in handler._SUPPORTED_FEATURES, 'handler does not support NO_PROXY')
+    def test_noproxy(self, handler):
+        for proxy_proto in handler._SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES or ['ws']:
+            # Given the handler is configured with a proxy
+            with handler(proxies={'ws': f'{proxy_proto}://10.255.255.255'}, timeout=5) as rh:
+                for no_proxy in (f'127.0.0.1:{self.ws_port}', '127.0.0.1', 'localhost'):
+                    # When request no proxy includes the request url host
+                    ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, proxies={'no': no_proxy}))
+                    # Then the proxy should not be used
+                    assert ws.status == 101
+                    ws.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handlers_if(
+        lambda _, handler: Features.ALL_PROXY not in handler._SUPPORTED_FEATURES, 'handler does not support ALL_PROXY')
+    def test_allproxy(self, handler):
+        supported_proto = traverse_obj(handler._SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES, 0, default='ws')
+        # This is a bit of a hacky test, but it should be enough to check whether the handler is using the proxy.
+        # 0.1s might not be enough of a timeout if proxy is not used in all cases, but should still get failures.
+        with handler(proxies={'all': f'{supported_proto}://10.255.255.255'}, timeout=0.1) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
+                ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url)).close()
+
+        with handler(timeout=0.1) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
+                ws_validate_and_send(
+                    rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, proxies={'all': f'{supported_proto}://10.255.255.255'})).close()
+
 
 def create_fake_ws_connection(raised):
     import websockets.sync.client
diff --git a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
index e3d1db376..2c6f695d0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import collections
 import contextlib
 import copy
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 import errno
 import fileinput
 import http.cookiejar
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import unicodedata
 
 from .cache import Cache
 from .compat import functools, urllib  # isort: split
-from .compat import compat_os_name, compat_shlex_quote, urllib_req_to_req
+from .compat import compat_os_name, urllib_req_to_req
 from .cookies import LenientSimpleCookie, load_cookies
 from .downloader import FFmpegFD, get_suitable_downloader, shorten_protocol_name
 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
@@ -102,7 +102,6 @@ from .utils import (
     UserNotLive,
     YoutubeDLError,
     age_restricted,
-    args_to_str,
     bug_reports_message,
     date_from_str,
     deprecation_warning,
@@ -141,11 +140,13 @@ from .utils import (
     sanitize_filename,
     sanitize_path,
     sanitize_url,
+    shell_quote,
     str_or_none,
     strftime_or_none,
     subtitles_filename,
     supports_terminal_sequences,
     system_identifier,
+    filesize_from_tbr,
     timetuple_from_msec,
     to_high_limit_path,
     traverse_obj,
@@ -480,7 +481,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     nopart, updatetime, buffersize, ratelimit, throttledratelimit, min_filesize,
     max_filesize, test, noresizebuffer, retries, file_access_retries, fragment_retries,
     continuedl, xattr_set_filesize, hls_use_mpegts, http_chunk_size,
-    external_downloader_args, concurrent_fragment_downloads.
+    external_downloader_args, concurrent_fragment_downloads, progress_delta.
 
     The following options are used by the post processors:
     ffmpeg_location:   Location of the ffmpeg/avconv binary; either the path
@@ -822,7 +823,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             self.report_warning(
                 'Long argument string detected. '
                 'Use -- to separate parameters and URLs, like this:\n%s' %
-                args_to_str(correct_argv))
+                shell_quote(correct_argv))
 
     def add_info_extractor(self, ie):
         """Add an InfoExtractor object to the end of the list."""
@@ -1354,7 +1355,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                 value, fmt = escapeHTML(str(value)), str_fmt
             elif fmt[-1] == 'q':  # quoted
                 value = map(str, variadic(value) if '#' in flags else [value])
-                value, fmt = ' '.join(map(compat_shlex_quote, value)), str_fmt
+                value, fmt = shell_quote(value, shell=True), str_fmt
             elif fmt[-1] == 'B':  # bytes
                 value = f'%{str_fmt}'.encode() % str(value).encode()
                 value, fmt = value.decode('utf-8', 'ignore'), 's'
@@ -2135,6 +2136,11 @@ class YoutubeDL:
 
     def _check_formats(self, formats):
         for f in formats:
+            working = f.get('__working')
+            if working is not None:
+                if working:
+                    yield f
+                continue
             self.to_screen('[info] Testing format %s' % f['format_id'])
             path = self.get_output_path('temp')
             if not self._ensure_dir_exists(f'{path}/'):
@@ -2151,33 +2157,44 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                         os.remove(temp_file.name)
                     except OSError:
                         self.report_warning('Unable to delete temporary file "%s"' % temp_file.name)
+            f['__working'] = success
             if success:
                 yield f
             else:
                 self.to_screen('[info] Unable to download format %s. Skipping...' % f['format_id'])
 
+    def _select_formats(self, formats, selector):
+        return list(selector({
+            'formats': formats,
+            'has_merged_format': any('none' not in (f.get('acodec'), f.get('vcodec')) for f in formats),
+            'incomplete_formats': (all(f.get('vcodec') == 'none' for f in formats)  # No formats with video
+                                   or all(f.get('acodec') == 'none' for f in formats)),  # OR, No formats with audio
+        }))
+
     def _default_format_spec(self, info_dict, download=True):
+        download = download and not self.params.get('simulate')
+        prefer_best = download and (
+            self.params['outtmpl']['default'] == '-'
+            or info_dict.get('is_live') and not self.params.get('live_from_start'))
 
         def can_merge():
             merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
             return merger.available and merger.can_merge()
 
-        prefer_best = (
-            not self.params.get('simulate')
-            and download
-            and (
-                not can_merge()
-                or info_dict.get('is_live') and not self.params.get('live_from_start')
-                or self.params['outtmpl']['default'] == '-'))
-        compat = (
-            prefer_best
-            or self.params.get('allow_multiple_audio_streams', False)
-            or 'format-spec' in self.params['compat_opts'])
+        if not prefer_best and download and not can_merge():
+            prefer_best = True
+            formats = self._get_formats(info_dict)
+            evaluate_formats = lambda spec: self._select_formats(formats, self.build_format_selector(spec))
+            if evaluate_formats('b/bv+ba') != evaluate_formats('bv*+ba/b'):
+                self.report_warning('ffmpeg not found. The downloaded format may not be the best available. '
+                                    'Installing ffmpeg is strongly recommended: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#dependencies')
 
-        return (
-            'best/bestvideo+bestaudio' if prefer_best
-            else 'bestvideo*+bestaudio/best' if not compat
-            else 'bestvideo+bestaudio/best')
+        compat = (self.params.get('allow_multiple_audio_streams')
+                  or 'format-spec' in self.params['compat_opts'])
+
+        return ('best/bestvideo+bestaudio' if prefer_best
+                else 'bestvideo+bestaudio/best' if compat
+                else 'bestvideo*+bestaudio/best')
 
     def build_format_selector(self, format_spec):
         def syntax_error(note, start):
@@ -2628,7 +2645,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                 # Working around out-of-range timestamp values (e.g. negative ones on Windows,
                 # see http://bugs.python.org/issue1646728)
                 with contextlib.suppress(ValueError, OverflowError, OSError):
-                    upload_date = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(info_dict[ts_key], datetime.timezone.utc)
+                    upload_date = dt.datetime.fromtimestamp(info_dict[ts_key], dt.timezone.utc)
                     info_dict[date_key] = upload_date.strftime('%Y%m%d')
 
         if not info_dict.get('release_year'):
@@ -2782,7 +2799,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
 
         get_from_start = not info_dict.get('is_live') or bool(self.params.get('live_from_start'))
         if not get_from_start:
-            info_dict['title'] += ' ' + datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
+            info_dict['title'] += ' ' + dt.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
         if info_dict.get('is_live') and formats:
             formats = [f for f in formats if bool(f.get('is_from_start')) == get_from_start]
             if get_from_start and not formats:
@@ -2813,6 +2830,9 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             format['url'] = sanitize_url(format['url'])
             if format.get('ext') is None:
                 format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url']).lower()
+            if format['ext'] in ('aac', 'opus', 'mp3', 'flac', 'vorbis'):
+                if format.get('acodec') is None:
+                    format['acodec'] = format['ext']
             if format.get('protocol') is None:
                 format['protocol'] = determine_protocol(format)
             if format.get('resolution') is None:
@@ -2823,9 +2843,8 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                 format['aspect_ratio'] = try_call(lambda: round(format['width'] / format['height'], 2))
             # For fragmented formats, "tbr" is often max bitrate and not average
             if (('manifest-filesize-approx' in self.params['compat_opts'] or not format.get('manifest_url'))
-                    and info_dict.get('duration') and format.get('tbr')
                     and not format.get('filesize') and not format.get('filesize_approx')):
-                format['filesize_approx'] = int(info_dict['duration'] * format['tbr'] * (1024 / 8))
+                format['filesize_approx'] = filesize_from_tbr(format.get('tbr'), info_dict.get('duration'))
             format['http_headers'] = self._calc_headers(collections.ChainMap(format, info_dict), load_cookies=True)
 
         # Safeguard against old/insecure infojson when using --load-info-json
@@ -2925,12 +2944,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                 self.write_debug(f'Default format spec: {req_format}')
                 format_selector = self.build_format_selector(req_format)
 
-            formats_to_download = list(format_selector({
-                'formats': formats,
-                'has_merged_format': any('none' not in (f.get('acodec'), f.get('vcodec')) for f in formats),
-                'incomplete_formats': (all(f.get('vcodec') == 'none' for f in formats)  # No formats with video
-                                       or all(f.get('acodec') == 'none' for f in formats)),  # OR, No formats with audio
-            }))
+            formats_to_download = self._select_formats(formats, format_selector)
             if interactive_format_selection and not formats_to_download:
                 self.report_error('Requested format is not available', tb=False, is_error=False)
                 continue
@@ -3057,7 +3071,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                 f = formats[-1]
                 self.report_warning(
                     'No subtitle format found matching "%s" for language %s, '
-                    'using %s' % (formats_query, lang, f['ext']))
+                    'using %s. Use --list-subs for a list of available subtitles' % (formats_query, lang, f['ext']))
             subs[lang] = f
         return subs
 
@@ -3875,8 +3889,8 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                 delim, (
                     format_field(f, 'filesize', ' \t%s', func=format_bytes)
                     or format_field(f, 'filesize_approx', '≈\t%s', func=format_bytes)
-                    or format_field(try_call(lambda: format_bytes(int(info_dict['duration'] * f['tbr'] * (1024 / 8)))),
-                                    None, self._format_out('~\t%s', self.Styles.SUPPRESS))),
+                    or format_field(filesize_from_tbr(f.get('tbr'), info_dict.get('duration')), None,
+                                    self._format_out('~\t%s', self.Styles.SUPPRESS), func=format_bytes)),
                 format_field(f, 'tbr', '\t%dk', func=round),
                 shorten_protocol_name(f.get('protocol', '')),
                 delim,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/__init__.py
index 940594faf..3d606bcba 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/__init__.py
@@ -836,6 +836,7 @@ def parse_options(argv=None):
         'noprogress': opts.quiet if opts.noprogress is None else opts.noprogress,
         'progress_with_newline': opts.progress_with_newline,
         'progress_template': opts.progress_template,
+        'progress_delta': opts.progress_delta,
         'playliststart': opts.playliststart,
         'playlistend': opts.playlistend,
         'playlistreverse': opts.playlist_reverse,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
index 5ad5c70ec..d820adaf1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
@@ -27,12 +27,9 @@ def compat_etree_fromstring(text):
 compat_os_name = os._name if os.name == 'java' else os.name
 
 
-if compat_os_name == 'nt':
-    def compat_shlex_quote(s):
-        import re
-        return s if re.match(r'^[-_\w./]+$', s) else s.replace('"', '""').join('""')
-else:
-    from shlex import quote as compat_shlex_quote  # noqa: F401
+def compat_shlex_quote(s):
+    from ..utils import shell_quote
+    return shell_quote(s)
 
 
 def compat_ord(c):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/cookies.py b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
index 28d174a09..0de0672e1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/cookies.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import base64
 import collections
 import contextlib
+import datetime as dt
 import glob
 import http.cookiejar
 import http.cookies
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@ import sys
 import tempfile
 import time
 import urllib.request
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from enum import Enum, auto
 from hashlib import pbkdf2_hmac
 
@@ -194,7 +194,11 @@ def _firefox_browser_dirs():
         yield os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Application Support/Firefox/Profiles')
 
     else:
-        yield from map(os.path.expanduser, ('~/.mozilla/firefox', '~/snap/firefox/common/.mozilla/firefox'))
+        yield from map(os.path.expanduser, (
+            '~/.mozilla/firefox',
+            '~/snap/firefox/common/.mozilla/firefox',
+            '~/.var/app/org.mozilla.firefox/.mozilla/firefox',
+        ))
 
 
 def _firefox_cookie_dbs(roots):
@@ -343,6 +347,11 @@ def _process_chrome_cookie(decryptor, host_key, name, value, encrypted_value, pa
         if value is None:
             return is_encrypted, None
 
+    # In chrome, session cookies have expires_utc set to 0
+    # In our cookie-store, cookies that do not expire should have expires set to None
+    if not expires_utc:
+        expires_utc = None
+
     return is_encrypted, http.cookiejar.Cookie(
         version=0, name=name, value=value, port=None, port_specified=False,
         domain=host_key, domain_specified=bool(host_key), domain_initial_dot=host_key.startswith('.'),
@@ -594,7 +603,7 @@ class DataParser:
 
 
 def _mac_absolute_time_to_posix(timestamp):
-    return int((datetime(2001, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc) + timedelta(seconds=timestamp)).timestamp())
+    return int((dt.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc) + dt.timedelta(seconds=timestamp)).timestamp())
 
 
 def _parse_safari_cookies_header(data, logger):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
index b71d7ee8f..65a0d6f23 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import functools
 import os
 import random
 import re
+import threading
 import time
 
 from ..minicurses import (
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ class FileDownloader:
     min_filesize:       Skip files smaller than this size
     max_filesize:       Skip files larger than this size
     xattr_set_filesize: Set ytdl.filesize user xattribute with expected size.
+    progress_delta:     The minimum time between progress output, in seconds
     external_downloader_args:  A dictionary of downloader keys (in lower case)
                         and a list of additional command-line arguments for the
                         executable. Use 'default' as the name for arguments to be
@@ -88,6 +90,9 @@ class FileDownloader:
         self.params = params
         self._prepare_multiline_status()
         self.add_progress_hook(self.report_progress)
+        if self.params.get('progress_delta'):
+            self._progress_delta_lock = threading.Lock()
+            self._progress_delta_time = time.monotonic()
 
     def _set_ydl(self, ydl):
         self.ydl = ydl
@@ -366,6 +371,12 @@ class FileDownloader:
         if s['status'] != 'downloading':
             return
 
+        if update_delta := self.params.get('progress_delta'):
+            with self._progress_delta_lock:
+                if time.monotonic() < self._progress_delta_time:
+                    return
+                self._progress_delta_time += update_delta
+
         s.update({
             '_eta_str': self.format_eta(s.get('eta')).strip(),
             '_speed_str': self.format_speed(s.get('speed')),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
index ce5eeb0a9..8b0b94e72 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):
         if not self.params.get('verbose'):
             args += ['-hide_banner']
 
-        args += traverse_obj(info_dict, ('downloader_options', 'ffmpeg_args'), default=[])
+        args += traverse_obj(info_dict, ('downloader_options', 'ffmpeg_args', ...))
 
         # These exists only for compatibility. Extractors should use
         # info_dict['downloader_options']['ffmpeg_args'] instead
@@ -615,6 +615,8 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):
         else:
             args += ['-f', EXT_TO_OUT_FORMATS.get(ext, ext)]
 
+        args += traverse_obj(info_dict, ('downloader_options', 'ffmpeg_args_out', ...))
+
         args += self._configuration_args(('_o1', '_o', ''))
 
         args = [encodeArgument(opt) for opt in args]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
index 36d0853a0..1f095c932 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ from .arte import (
 )
 from .arnes import ArnesIE
 from .asobichannel import AsobiChannelIE, AsobiChannelTagURLIE
+from .asobistage import AsobiStageIE
 from .atresplayer import AtresPlayerIE
 from .atscaleconf import AtScaleConfEventIE
 from .atvat import ATVAtIE
@@ -386,7 +387,11 @@ from .comedycentral import (
     ComedyCentralIE,
     ComedyCentralTVIE,
 )
-from .commonmistakes import CommonMistakesIE, UnicodeBOMIE
+from .commonmistakes import (
+    BlobIE,
+    CommonMistakesIE,
+    UnicodeBOMIE,
+)
 from .commonprotocols import (
     MmsIE,
     RtmpIE,
@@ -875,6 +880,7 @@ from .jeuxvideo import JeuxVideoIE
 from .jiosaavn import (
     JioSaavnSongIE,
     JioSaavnAlbumIE,
+    JioSaavnPlaylistIE,
 )
 from .jove import JoveIE
 from .joj import JojIE
@@ -2289,6 +2295,7 @@ from .vrt import (
     VrtNUIE,
     KetnetIE,
     DagelijkseKostIE,
+    Radio1BeIE,
 )
 from .vtm import VTMIE
 from .medialaan import MedialaanIE
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
index 3d26d9c25..3e5738f6a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
@@ -1,25 +1,65 @@
 import functools
-import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     OnDemandPagedList,
-    date_from_str,
+    UserNotLive,
     determine_ext,
+    filter_dict,
     int_or_none,
-    qualities,
-    traverse_obj,
-    unified_strdate,
+    orderedSet,
     unified_timestamp,
-    update_url_query,
     url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
-    xpath_text,
+    urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
-class AfreecaTVIE(InfoExtractor):
+class AfreecaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'afreecatv'
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        login_form = {
+            'szWork': 'login',
+            'szType': 'json',
+            'szUid': username,
+            'szPassword': password,
+            'isSaveId': 'false',
+            'szScriptVar': 'oLoginRet',
+            'szAction': '',
+        }
+
+        response = self._download_json(
+            'https://login.afreecatv.com/app/LoginAction.php', None,
+            'Logging in', data=urlencode_postdata(login_form))
+
+        _ERRORS = {
+            -4: 'Your account has been suspended due to a violation of our terms and policies.',
+            -5: 'https://member.afreecatv.com/app/user_delete_progress.php',
+            -6: 'https://login.afreecatv.com/membership/changeMember.php',
+            -8: "Hello! AfreecaTV here.\nThe username you have entered belongs to \n an account that requires a legal guardian's consent. \nIf you wish to use our services without restriction, \nplease make sure to go through the necessary verification process.",
+            -9: 'https://member.afreecatv.com/app/pop_login_block.php',
+            -11: 'https://login.afreecatv.com/afreeca/second_login.php',
+            -12: 'https://member.afreecatv.com/app/user_security.php',
+            0: 'The username does not exist or you have entered the wrong password.',
+            -1: 'The username does not exist or you have entered the wrong password.',
+            -3: 'You have entered your username/password incorrectly.',
+            -7: 'You cannot use your Global AfreecaTV account to access Korean AfreecaTV.',
+            -10: 'Sorry for the inconvenience. \nYour account has been blocked due to an unauthorized access. \nPlease contact our Help Center for assistance.',
+            -32008: 'You have failed to log in. Please contact our Help Center.',
+        }
+
+        result = int_or_none(response.get('RESULT'))
+        if result != 1:
+            error = _ERRORS.get(result, 'You have failed to log in.')
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Unable to login: %s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, error),
+                expected=True)
+
+
+class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'afreecatv'
     IE_DESC = 'afreecatv.com'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
@@ -34,7 +74,6 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(InfoExtractor):
                         )
                         (?P<id>\d+)
                     '''
-    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'afreecatv'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://live.afreecatv.com:8079/app/index.cgi?szType=read_ucc_bbs&szBjId=dailyapril&nStationNo=16711924&nBbsNo=18605867&nTitleNo=36164052&szSkin=',
         'md5': 'f72c89fe7ecc14c1b5ce506c4996046e',
@@ -87,6 +126,7 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': '♥이슬이',
             'uploader_id': 'dasl8121',
             'upload_date': '20170411',
+            'timestamp': 1491929865,
             'duration': 213,
         },
         'params': {
@@ -120,219 +160,102 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_id': 'rlantnghks',
             'uploader': '페이즈으',
             'duration': 10840,
-            'thumbnail': 'http://videoimg.afreecatv.com/php/SnapshotLoad.php?rowKey=20230108_9FF5BEE1_244432674_1_r',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://videoimg\.afreecatv\.com/.+',
             'upload_date': '20230108',
+            'timestamp': 1673218805,
             'title': '젠지 페이즈',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+    }, {
+        # adult content
+        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/70395877',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # subscribers only
+        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/104647403',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # private
+        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/81669846',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def parse_video_key(key):
-        video_key = {}
-        m = re.match(r'^(?P<upload_date>\d{8})_\w+_(?P<part>\d+)$', key)
-        if m:
-            video_key['upload_date'] = m.group('upload_date')
-            video_key['part'] = int(m.group('part'))
-        return video_key
-
-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        login_form = {
-            'szWork': 'login',
-            'szType': 'json',
-            'szUid': username,
-            'szPassword': password,
-            'isSaveId': 'false',
-            'szScriptVar': 'oLoginRet',
-            'szAction': '',
-        }
-
-        response = self._download_json(
-            'https://login.afreecatv.com/app/LoginAction.php', None,
-            'Logging in', data=urlencode_postdata(login_form))
-
-        _ERRORS = {
-            -4: 'Your account has been suspended due to a violation of our terms and policies.',
-            -5: 'https://member.afreecatv.com/app/user_delete_progress.php',
-            -6: 'https://login.afreecatv.com/membership/changeMember.php',
-            -8: "Hello! AfreecaTV here.\nThe username you have entered belongs to \n an account that requires a legal guardian's consent. \nIf you wish to use our services without restriction, \nplease make sure to go through the necessary verification process.",
-            -9: 'https://member.afreecatv.com/app/pop_login_block.php',
-            -11: 'https://login.afreecatv.com/afreeca/second_login.php',
-            -12: 'https://member.afreecatv.com/app/user_security.php',
-            0: 'The username does not exist or you have entered the wrong password.',
-            -1: 'The username does not exist or you have entered the wrong password.',
-            -3: 'You have entered your username/password incorrectly.',
-            -7: 'You cannot use your Global AfreecaTV account to access Korean AfreecaTV.',
-            -10: 'Sorry for the inconvenience. \nYour account has been blocked due to an unauthorized access. \nPlease contact our Help Center for assistance.',
-            -32008: 'You have failed to log in. Please contact our Help Center.',
-        }
-
-        result = int_or_none(response.get('RESULT'))
-        if result != 1:
-            error = _ERRORS.get(result, 'You have failed to log in.')
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                'Unable to login: %s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, error),
-                expected=True)
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        partial_view = False
-        adult_view = False
-        for _ in range(2):
-            data = self._download_json(
-                'https://api.m.afreecatv.com/station/video/a/view',
-                video_id, headers={'Referer': url}, data=urlencode_postdata({
-                    'nTitleNo': video_id,
-                    'nApiLevel': 10,
-                }))['data']
-            if traverse_obj(data, ('code', {int})) == -6221:
-                raise ExtractorError('The VOD does not exist', expected=True)
-            query = {
+        data = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.m.afreecatv.com/station/video/a/view', video_id,
+            headers={'Referer': url}, data=urlencode_postdata({
                 'nTitleNo': video_id,
-                'nStationNo': data['station_no'],
-                'nBbsNo': data['bbs_no'],
-            }
-            if partial_view:
-                query['partialView'] = 'SKIP_ADULT'
-            if adult_view:
-                query['adultView'] = 'ADULT_VIEW'
-            video_xml = self._download_xml(
-                'http://afbbs.afreecatv.com:8080/api/video/get_video_info.php',
-                video_id, 'Downloading video info XML%s'
-                % (' (skipping adult)' if partial_view else ''),
-                video_id, headers={
-                    'Referer': url,
-                }, query=query)
+                'nApiLevel': 10,
+            }))['data']
 
-            flag = xpath_text(video_xml, './track/flag', 'flag', default=None)
-            if flag and flag == 'SUCCEED':
-                break
-            if flag == 'PARTIAL_ADULT':
-                self.report_warning(
-                    'In accordance with local laws and regulations, underage users are restricted from watching adult content. '
-                    'Only content suitable for all ages will be downloaded. '
-                    'Provide account credentials if you wish to download restricted content.')
-                partial_view = True
-                continue
-            elif flag == 'ADULT':
-                if not adult_view:
-                    adult_view = True
-                    continue
-                error = 'Only users older than 19 are able to watch this video. Provide account credentials to download this content.'
-            else:
-                error = flag
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                '%s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, error), expected=True)
-        else:
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to download video info')
+        error_code = traverse_obj(data, ('code', {int}))
+        if error_code == -6221:
+            raise ExtractorError('The VOD does not exist', expected=True)
+        elif error_code == -6205:
+            raise ExtractorError('This VOD is private', expected=True)
 
-        video_element = video_xml.findall('./track/video')[-1]
-        if video_element is None or video_element.text is None:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                'Video %s does not exist' % video_id, expected=True)
-
-        video_url = video_element.text.strip()
-
-        title = xpath_text(video_xml, './track/title', 'title', fatal=True)
-
-        uploader = xpath_text(video_xml, './track/nickname', 'uploader')
-        uploader_id = xpath_text(video_xml, './track/bj_id', 'uploader id')
-        duration = int_or_none(xpath_text(
-            video_xml, './track/duration', 'duration'))
-        thumbnail = xpath_text(video_xml, './track/titleImage', 'thumbnail')
-
-        common_entry = {
-            'uploader': uploader,
-            'uploader_id': uploader_id,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-        }
-
-        info = common_entry.copy()
-        info.update({
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'duration': duration,
+        common_info = traverse_obj(data, {
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'uploader': ('writer_nick', {str}),
+            'uploader_id': ('bj_id', {str}),
+            'duration': ('total_file_duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'thumbnail': ('thumb', {url_or_none}),
         })
 
-        if not video_url:
-            entries = []
-            file_elements = video_element.findall('./file')
-            one = len(file_elements) == 1
-            for file_num, file_element in enumerate(file_elements, start=1):
-                file_url = url_or_none(file_element.text)
-                if not file_url:
-                    continue
-                key = file_element.get('key', '')
-                upload_date = unified_strdate(self._search_regex(
-                    r'^(\d{8})_', key, 'upload date', default=None))
-                if upload_date is not None:
-                    # sometimes the upload date isn't included in the file name
-                    # instead, another random ID is, which may parse as a valid
-                    # date but be wildly out of a reasonable range
-                    parsed_date = date_from_str(upload_date)
-                    if parsed_date.year < 2000 or parsed_date.year >= 2100:
-                        upload_date = None
-                file_duration = int_or_none(file_element.get('duration'))
-                format_id = key if key else '%s_%s' % (video_id, file_num)
-                if determine_ext(file_url) == 'm3u8':
-                    formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                        file_url, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
-                        m3u8_id='hls',
-                        note='Downloading part %d m3u8 information' % file_num)
-                else:
-                    formats = [{
-                        'url': file_url,
-                        'format_id': 'http',
-                    }]
-                if not formats and not self.get_param('ignore_no_formats'):
-                    continue
-                file_info = common_entry.copy()
-                file_info.update({
-                    'id': format_id,
-                    'title': title if one else '%s (part %d)' % (title, file_num),
-                    'upload_date': upload_date,
-                    'duration': file_duration,
-                    'formats': formats,
+        entries = []
+        for file_num, file_element in enumerate(
+                traverse_obj(data, ('files', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['file']))), start=1):
+            file_url = file_element['file']
+            if determine_ext(file_url) == 'm3u8':
+                formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                    file_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls',
+                    note=f'Downloading part {file_num} m3u8 information')
+            else:
+                formats = [{
+                    'url': file_url,
+                    'format_id': 'http',
+                }]
+
+            entries.append({
+                **common_info,
+                'id': file_element.get('file_info_key') or f'{video_id}_{file_num}',
+                'title': f'{common_info.get("title") or "Untitled"} (part {file_num})',
+                'formats': formats,
+                **traverse_obj(file_element, {
+                    'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    'timestamp': ('file_start', {unified_timestamp}),
                 })
-                entries.append(file_info)
-            entries_info = info.copy()
-            entries_info.update({
-                '_type': 'multi_video',
-                'entries': entries,
-            })
-            return entries_info
-
-        info = {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'uploader': uploader,
-            'uploader_id': uploader_id,
-            'duration': duration,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-        }
-
-        if determine_ext(video_url) == 'm3u8':
-            info['formats'] = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                video_url, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
-                m3u8_id='hls')
-        else:
-            app, playpath = video_url.split('mp4:')
-            info.update({
-                'url': app,
-                'ext': 'flv',
-                'play_path': 'mp4:' + playpath,
-                'rtmp_live': True,  # downloading won't end without this
             })
 
-        return info
+        if traverse_obj(data, ('adult_status', {str})) == 'notLogin':
+            if not entries:
+                self.raise_login_required(
+                    'Only users older than 19 are able to watch this video', method='password')
+            self.report_warning(
+                'In accordance with local laws and regulations, underage users are '
+                'restricted from watching adult content. Only content suitable for all '
+                f'ages will be downloaded. {self._login_hint("password")}')
+
+        if not entries and traverse_obj(data, ('sub_upload_type', {str})):
+            self.raise_login_required('This VOD is for subscribers only', method='password')
+
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return {
+                **entries[0],
+                'title': common_info.get('title'),
+            }
+
+        common_info['timestamp'] = traverse_obj(entries, (..., 'timestamp'), get_all=False)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, multi_video=True, **common_info)
 
 
-class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
-
+class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'afreecatv:live'
+    IE_DESC = 'afreecatv.com livestreams'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://play\.afreeca(?:tv)?\.com/(?P<id>[^/]+)(?:/(?P<bno>\d+))?'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://play.afreecatv.com/pyh3646/237852185',
@@ -347,77 +270,97 @@ class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
         },
         'skip': 'Livestream has ended',
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://play.afreeca.com/pyh3646/237852185',
+        'url': 'https://play.afreecatv.com/pyh3646/237852185',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://play.afreeca.com/pyh3646',
+        'url': 'https://play.afreecatv.com/pyh3646',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _LIVE_API_URL = 'https://live.afreecatv.com/afreeca/player_live_api.php'
+    _WORKING_CDNS = [
+        'gcp_cdn',  # live-global-cdn-v02.afreecatv.com
+        'gs_cdn_pc_app',  # pc-app.stream.afreecatv.com
+        'gs_cdn_mobile_web',  # mobile-web.stream.afreecatv.com
+        'gs_cdn_pc_web',  # pc-web.stream.afreecatv.com
+    ]
+    _BAD_CDNS = [
+        'gs_cdn',  # chromecast.afreeca.gscdn.com (cannot resolve)
+        'gs_cdn_chromecast',  # chromecast.stream.afreecatv.com (HTTP Error 400)
+        'azure_cdn',  # live-global-cdn-v01.afreecatv.com (cannot resolve)
+        'aws_cf',  # live-global-cdn-v03.afreecatv.com (cannot resolve)
+        'kt_cdn',  # kt.stream.afreecatv.com (HTTP Error 400)
+    ]
 
-    _QUALITIES = ('sd', 'hd', 'hd2k', 'original')
+    def _extract_formats(self, channel_info, broadcast_no, aid):
+        stream_base_url = channel_info.get('RMD') or 'https://livestream-manager.afreecatv.com'
+
+        # If user has not passed CDN IDs, try API-provided CDN ID followed by other working CDN IDs
+        default_cdn_ids = orderedSet([
+            *traverse_obj(channel_info, ('CDN', {str}, all, lambda _, v: v not in self._BAD_CDNS)),
+            *self._WORKING_CDNS,
+        ])
+        cdn_ids = self._configuration_arg('cdn', default_cdn_ids)
+
+        for attempt, cdn_id in enumerate(cdn_ids, start=1):
+            m3u8_url = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+                urljoin(stream_base_url, 'broad_stream_assign.html'), broadcast_no,
+                f'Downloading {cdn_id} stream info', f'Unable to download {cdn_id} stream info',
+                fatal=False, query={
+                    'return_type': cdn_id,
+                    'broad_key': f'{broadcast_no}-common-master-hls',
+                }), ('view_url', {url_or_none}))
+            try:
+                return self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                    m3u8_url, broadcast_no, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', query={'aid': aid},
+                    headers={'Referer': 'https://play.afreecatv.com/'})
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if attempt == len(cdn_ids):
+                    raise
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'{e.cause or e.msg}. Retrying... (attempt {attempt} of {len(cdn_ids)})')
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         broadcaster_id, broadcast_no = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'bno')
-        password = self.get_param('videopassword')
+        channel_info = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            self._LIVE_API_URL, broadcaster_id, data=urlencode_postdata({'bid': broadcaster_id})),
+            ('CHANNEL', {dict})) or {}
 
-        info = self._download_json(self._LIVE_API_URL, broadcaster_id, fatal=False,
-                                   data=urlencode_postdata({'bid': broadcaster_id})) or {}
-        channel_info = info.get('CHANNEL') or {}
         broadcaster_id = channel_info.get('BJID') or broadcaster_id
         broadcast_no = channel_info.get('BNO') or broadcast_no
-        password_protected = channel_info.get('BPWD')
         if not broadcast_no:
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Unable to extract broadcast number ({broadcaster_id} may not be live)', expected=True)
-        if password_protected == 'Y' and password is None:
+            raise UserNotLive(video_id=broadcaster_id)
+
+        password = self.get_param('videopassword')
+        if channel_info.get('BPWD') == 'Y' and password is None:
             raise ExtractorError(
                 'This livestream is protected by a password, use the --video-password option',
                 expected=True)
 
-        formats = []
-        quality_key = qualities(self._QUALITIES)
-        for quality_str in self._QUALITIES:
-            params = {
+        token_info = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            self._LIVE_API_URL, broadcast_no, 'Downloading access token for stream',
+            'Unable to download access token for stream', data=urlencode_postdata(filter_dict({
                 'bno': broadcast_no,
                 'stream_type': 'common',
                 'type': 'aid',
-                'quality': quality_str,
-            }
-            if password is not None:
-                params['pwd'] = password
-            aid_response = self._download_json(
-                self._LIVE_API_URL, broadcast_no, fatal=False,
-                data=urlencode_postdata(params),
-                note=f'Downloading access token for {quality_str} stream',
-                errnote=f'Unable to download access token for {quality_str} stream')
-            aid = traverse_obj(aid_response, ('CHANNEL', 'AID'))
-            if not aid:
-                continue
+                'quality': 'master',
+                'pwd': password,
+            }))), ('CHANNEL', {dict})) or {}
+        aid = token_info.get('AID')
+        if not aid:
+            result = token_info.get('RESULT')
+            if result == 0:
+                raise ExtractorError('This livestream has ended', expected=True)
+            elif result == -6:
+                self.raise_login_required('This livestream is for subscribers only', method='password')
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract access token')
 
-            stream_base_url = channel_info.get('RMD') or 'https://livestream-manager.afreecatv.com'
-            stream_info = self._download_json(
-                f'{stream_base_url}/broad_stream_assign.html', broadcast_no, fatal=False,
-                query={
-                    'return_type': channel_info.get('CDN', 'gcp_cdn'),
-                    'broad_key': f'{broadcast_no}-common-{quality_str}-hls',
-                },
-                note=f'Downloading metadata for {quality_str} stream',
-                errnote=f'Unable to download metadata for {quality_str} stream') or {}
+        formats = self._extract_formats(channel_info, broadcast_no, aid)
 
-            if stream_info.get('view_url'):
-                formats.append({
-                    'format_id': quality_str,
-                    'url': update_url_query(stream_info['view_url'], {'aid': aid}),
-                    'ext': 'mp4',
-                    'protocol': 'm3u8',
-                    'quality': quality_key(quality_str),
-                })
-
-        station_info = self._download_json(
+        station_info = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
             'https://st.afreecatv.com/api/get_station_status.php', broadcast_no,
-            query={'szBjId': broadcaster_id}, fatal=False,
-            note='Downloading channel metadata', errnote='Unable to download channel metadata') or {}
+            'Downloading channel metadata', 'Unable to download channel metadata',
+            query={'szBjId': broadcaster_id}, fatal=False), {dict}) or {}
 
         return {
             'id': broadcast_no,
@@ -427,6 +370,7 @@ class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(station_info.get('broad_start')),
             'formats': formats,
             'is_live': True,
+            'http_headers': {'Referer': url},
         }
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/alura.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/alura.py
index bfe066bc6..b785c62c3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/alura.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/alura.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class AluraIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
 
-        course, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url)
+        course, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('course_name', 'id')
         video_url = self._VIDEO_URL % (course, video_id)
 
         video_dict = self._download_json(video_url, video_id, 'Searching for videos')
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class AluraIE(InfoExtractor):
 
             formats = []
             for video_obj in video_dict:
-                video_url_m3u8 = video_obj.get('link')
+                video_url_m3u8 = video_obj.get('mp4')
                 video_format = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                     video_url_m3u8, None, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
                     m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
index 46e68d61e..3db59c5ca 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+import functools
 import re
-from functools import partial
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(InfoExtractor):
             r'(?P<title>.*)',
         ]
 
-        return traverse_obj(patterns, (..., {partial(re.match, string=title)}, {
+        return traverse_obj(patterns, (..., {functools.partial(re.match, string=title)}, {
             'season_number': ('season_number', {int_or_none}),
             'episode_number': ('episode_number', {int_or_none}),
             'episode': ((
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/asobistage.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/asobistage.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fa8f3edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/asobistage.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import functools
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import str_or_none, url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class AsobiStageIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'ASOBISTAGE (アソビステージ)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://asobistage\.asobistore\.jp/event/(?P<id>(?P<event>\w+)/(?P<type>archive|player)/(?P<slug>\w+))(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://asobistage.asobistore.jp/event/315passionhour_2022summer/archive/frame',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '315passionhour_2022summer/archive/frame',
+            'title': '315プロダクションプレゼンツ 315パッションアワー!!!',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[\w.-]+/\w+/\w+',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 1,
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'edff52f2',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '315passion_FRAME_only',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[\w.-]+/\w+/\w+',
+            },
+        }],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://asobistage.asobistore.jp/event/idolmaster_idolworld2023_goods/archive/live',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'idolmaster_idolworld2023_goods/archive/live',
+            'title': 'md5:378510b6e830129d505885908bd6c576',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[\w.-]+/\w+/\w+',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 1,
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '3aef7110',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'asobistore_station_1020_serverREC',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[\w.-]+/\w+/\w+',
+            },
+        }],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://asobistage.asobistore.jp/event/sidem_fclive_bpct/archive/premium_hc',
+        'playlist_count': 4,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'sidem_fclive_bpct/archive/premium_hc',
+            'title': '315 Production presents F＠NTASTIC COMBINATION LIVE ～BRAINPOWER!!～/～CONNECTIME!!!!～',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[\w.-]+/\w+/\w+',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://asobistage.asobistore.jp/event/ijigenfes_utagassen/player/day1',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    _API_HOST = 'https://asobistage-api.asobistore.jp'
+    _HEADERS = {}
+    _is_logged_in = False
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def _owned_tickets(self):
+        owned_tickets = set()
+        if not self._is_logged_in:
+            return owned_tickets
+
+        for path, name in [
+            ('api/v1/purchase_history/list', 'ticket purchase history'),
+            ('api/v1/serialcode/list', 'redemption history'),
+        ]:
+            response = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._API_HOST}/{path}', None, f'Downloading {name}',
+                f'Unable to download {name}', expected_status=400)
+            if traverse_obj(response, ('payload', 'error_message'), 'error') == 'notlogin':
+                self._is_logged_in = False
+                break
+            owned_tickets.update(
+                traverse_obj(response, ('payload', 'value', ..., 'digital_product_id', {str_or_none})))
+
+        return owned_tickets
+
+    def _get_available_channel_id(self, channel):
+        channel_id = traverse_obj(channel, ('chennel_vspf_id', {str}))
+        if not channel_id:
+            return None
+        # if rights_type_id == 6, then 'No conditions (no login required - non-members are OK)'
+        if traverse_obj(channel, ('viewrights', lambda _, v: v['rights_type_id'] == 6)):
+            return channel_id
+        available_tickets = traverse_obj(channel, (
+            'viewrights', ..., ('tickets', 'serialcodes'), ..., 'digital_product_id', {str_or_none}))
+        if not self._owned_tickets.intersection(available_tickets):
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'You are not a ticketholder for "{channel.get("channel_name") or channel_id}"')
+            return None
+        return channel_id
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        if self._get_cookies(self._API_HOST):
+            self._is_logged_in = True
+        token = self._download_json(
+            f'{self._API_HOST}/api/v1/vspf/token', None, 'Getting token', 'Unable to get token')
+        self._HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {token}'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, event, type_, slug = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'event', 'type', 'slug')
+        video_type = {'archive': 'archives', 'player': 'broadcasts'}[type_]
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        event_data = traverse_obj(
+            self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id, default={}),
+            ('props', 'pageProps', 'eventCMSData', {
+                'title': ('event_name', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('event_thumbnail_image', {url_or_none}),
+            }))
+
+        available_channels = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'https://asobistage.asobistore.jp/cdn/v101/events/{event}/{video_type}.json',
+            video_id, 'Getting channel list', 'Unable to get channel list'), (
+            video_type, lambda _, v: v['broadcast_slug'] == slug,
+            'channels', lambda _, v: v['chennel_vspf_id'] != '00000'))
+
+        entries = []
+        for channel_id in traverse_obj(available_channels, (..., {self._get_available_channel_id})):
+            if video_type == 'archives':
+                channel_json = self._download_json(
+                    f'https://survapi.channel.or.jp/proxy/v1/contents/{channel_id}/get_by_cuid', channel_id,
+                    'Getting archive channel info', 'Unable to get archive channel info', fatal=False,
+                    headers=self._HEADERS)
+                channel_data = traverse_obj(channel_json, ('ex_content', {
+                    'm3u8_url': 'streaming_url',
+                    'title': 'title',
+                    'thumbnail': ('thumbnail', 'url'),
+                }))
+            else:  # video_type == 'broadcasts'
+                channel_json = self._download_json(
+                    f'https://survapi.channel.or.jp/ex/events/{channel_id}', channel_id,
+                    'Getting live channel info', 'Unable to get live channel info', fatal=False,
+                    headers=self._HEADERS, query={'embed': 'channel'})
+                channel_data = traverse_obj(channel_json, ('data', {
+                    'm3u8_url': ('Channel', 'Custom_live_url'),
+                    'title': 'Name',
+                    'thumbnail': 'Poster_url',
+                }))
+
+            entries.append({
+                'id': channel_id,
+                'title': channel_data.get('title'),
+                'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(channel_data.get('m3u8_url'), channel_id, fatal=False),
+                'is_live': video_type == 'broadcasts',
+                'thumbnail': url_or_none(channel_data.get('thumbnail')),
+            })
+
+        if not self._is_logged_in and not entries:
+            self.raise_login_required()
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, **event_data)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/atvat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/atvat.py
index d6ed9e495..d60feba31 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/atvat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/atvat.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ class ATVAtIE(InfoExtractor):
         content_ids = [{'id': id, 'subclip_start': content['start'], 'subclip_end': content['end']}
                        for id, content in enumerate(contentResource)]
 
-        time_of_request = datetime.datetime.now()
-        not_before = time_of_request - datetime.timedelta(minutes=5)
-        expire = time_of_request + datetime.timedelta(minutes=5)
+        time_of_request = dt.datetime.now()
+        not_before = time_of_request - dt.timedelta(minutes=5)
+        expire = time_of_request + dt.timedelta(minutes=5)
         payload = {
             'content_ids': {
                 content_id: content_ids,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/aws.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/aws.py
index c4741a6a1..4ebef9295 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/aws.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/aws.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 import hashlib
 import hmac
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class AWSIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should end with
 
     def _aws_execute_api(self, aws_dict, video_id, query=None):
         query = query or {}
-        amz_date = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc).strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ')
+        amz_date = dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc).strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ')
         date = amz_date[:8]
         headers = {
             'Accept': 'application/json',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
index 34464daa1..666b51c56 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from functools import partial
+import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class BibelTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': 'description',
-                'duration': ('duration', {partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
                 'timestamp': ('schedulingStart', {parse_iso8601}),
                 'season_number': 'seasonNumber',
                 'episode_number': 'episodeNumber',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
index fee4b2994..b38c90b1d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         return formats
 
-    def _download_playinfo(self, video_id, cid):
+    def _download_playinfo(self, video_id, cid, headers=None):
         return self._download_json(
             'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/playurl', video_id,
             query={'bvid': video_id, 'cid': cid, 'fnval': 4048},
-            note=f'Downloading video formats for cid {cid}')['data']
+            note=f'Downloading video formats for cid {cid}', headers=headers)['data']
 
     def json2srt(self, json_data):
         srt_data = ''
@@ -493,7 +493,8 @@ class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
+        headers = self.geo_verification_headers()
+        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id, headers=headers)
         if not self._match_valid_url(urlh.url):
             return self.url_result(urlh.url)
 
@@ -531,7 +532,7 @@ class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
             self._download_json(
                 'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/pagelist', video_id,
                 fatal=False, query={'bvid': video_id, 'jsonp': 'jsonp'},
-                note='Extracting videos in anthology'),
+                note='Extracting videos in anthology', headers=headers),
             'data', expected_type=list) or []
         is_anthology = len(page_list_json) > 1
 
@@ -552,7 +553,7 @@ class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
 
         festival_info = {}
         if is_festival:
-            play_info = self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid)
+            play_info = self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers)
 
             festival_info = traverse_obj(initial_state, {
                 'uploader': ('videoInfo', 'upName'),
@@ -666,14 +667,15 @@ class BiliBiliBangumiIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         episode_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, episode_id)
+        headers = self.geo_verification_headers()
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, episode_id, headers=headers)
 
         if '您所在的地区无法观看本片' in webpage:
             raise GeoRestrictedError('This video is restricted')
         elif '正在观看预览，大会员免费看全片' in webpage:
             self.raise_login_required('This video is for premium members only')
 
-        headers = {'Referer': url, **self.geo_verification_headers()}
+        headers['Referer'] = url
         play_info = self._download_json(
             'https://api.bilibili.com/pgc/player/web/v2/playurl', episode_id,
             'Extracting episode', query={'fnval': '4048', 'ep_id': episode_id},
@@ -724,7 +726,7 @@ class BiliBiliBangumiIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
             'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
             'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(episode_id, episode_info.get('cid'), aid=aid),
             '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid),
-            'http_headers': headers,
+            'http_headers': {'Referer': url},
         }
 
 
@@ -1043,15 +1045,17 @@ class BilibiliSpaceVideoIE(BilibiliSpaceBaseIE):
 
             try:
                 response = self._download_json('https://api.bilibili.com/x/space/wbi/arc/search',
-                                               playlist_id, note=f'Downloading page {page_idx}', query=query)
+                                               playlist_id, note=f'Downloading page {page_idx}', query=query,
+                                               headers={'referer': url})
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 412:
                     raise ExtractorError(
                         'Request is blocked by server (412), please add cookies, wait and try later.', expected=True)
                 raise
-            if response['code'] == -401:
+            if response['code'] in (-352, -401):
                 raise ExtractorError(
-                    'Request is blocked by server (401), please add cookies, wait and try later.', expected=True)
+                    f'Request is blocked by server ({-response["code"]}), '
+                    'please add cookies, wait and try later.', expected=True)
             return response['data']
 
         def get_metadata(page_data):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/boosty.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/boosty.py
index fb14ca146..d3aab7a1a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/boosty.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/boosty.py
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
+import json
+import urllib.parse
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .youtube import YoutubeIE
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    bug_reports_message,
     int_or_none,
     qualities,
     str_or_none,
@@ -162,9 +166,19 @@ class BoostyIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         user, post_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user', 'post_id')
+
+        auth_headers = {}
+        auth_cookie = self._get_cookies('https://boosty.to/').get('auth')
+        if auth_cookie is not None:
+            try:
+                auth_data = json.loads(urllib.parse.unquote(auth_cookie.value))
+                auth_headers['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {auth_data["accessToken"]}'
+            except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError):
+                self.report_warning(f'Failed to extract token from auth cookie{bug_reports_message()}')
+
         post = self._download_json(
             f'https://api.boosty.to/v1/blog/{user}/post/{post_id}', post_id,
-            note='Downloading post data', errnote='Unable to download post data')
+            note='Downloading post data', errnote='Unable to download post data', headers=auth_headers)
 
         post_title = post.get('title')
         if not post_title:
@@ -202,7 +216,9 @@ class BoostyIE(InfoExtractor):
                         'thumbnail': (('previewUrl', 'defaultPreview'), {url_or_none}),
                     }, get_all=False)})
 
-        if not entries:
+        if not entries and not post.get('hasAccess'):
+            self.raise_login_required('This post requires a subscription', metadata_available=True)
+        elif not entries:
             raise ExtractorError('No videos found', expected=True)
         if len(entries) == 1:
             return entries[0]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py
index 9fd7c7de1..71f772665 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+import functools
 import re
-from functools import partial
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ class BundestagIE(InfoExtractor):
             note='Downloading metadata overlay', fatal=False,
         ), {
             'title': (
-                {partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, 'h3')}, 0,
-                {partial(re.sub, r'<span[^>]*>[^<]+</span>', '')}, {clean_html}),
-            'description': ({partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, 'p')}, 0, {clean_html}),
+                {functools.partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, 'h3')}, 0,
+                {functools.partial(re.sub, r'<span[^>]*>[^<]+</span>', '')}, {clean_html}),
+            'description': ({functools.partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, 'p')}, 0, {clean_html}),
         }))
 
         return result
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/canalalpha.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/canalalpha.py
index df5ca5818..745e6954c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/canalalpha.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/canalalpha.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class CanalAlphaIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '24484',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Ces innovations qui veulent rendre l’agriculture plus durable',
-            'description': 'md5:3de3f151180684621e85be7c10e4e613',
+            'description': 'md5:85d594a3b5dc6ccfc4a85aba6e73b129',
             'thumbnail': 'https://static.canalalpha.ch/poster/magazine/magazine_10236.jpg',
             'upload_date': '20211026',
             'duration': 360,
@@ -58,14 +58,25 @@ class CanalAlphaIE(InfoExtractor):
             'duration': 360,
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': True}
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.canalalpha.ch/play/le-journal/topic/33500/encore-des-mesures-deconomie-dans-le-jura',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '33500',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Encore des mesures d\'économie dans le Jura',
+            'description': 'md5:938b5b556592f2d1b9ab150268082a80',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://static.canalalpha.ch/poster/news/news_46665.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20240411',
+            'duration': 105,
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, id)
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
         data_json = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
             r'window\.__SERVER_STATE__\s?=\s?({(?:(?!};)[^"]|"([^"]|\\")*")+})\s?;',
-            webpage, 'data_json'), id)['1']['data']['data']
+            webpage, 'data_json'), video_id)['1']['data']['data']
         manifests = try_get(data_json, lambda x: x['video']['manifests'], expected_type=dict) or {}
         subtitles = {}
         formats = [{
@@ -75,15 +86,17 @@ class CanalAlphaIE(InfoExtractor):
             'height': try_get(video, lambda x: x['res']['height'], expected_type=int),
         } for video in try_get(data_json, lambda x: x['video']['mp4'], expected_type=list) or [] if video.get('$url')]
         if manifests.get('hls'):
-            m3u8_frmts, m3u8_subs = self._parse_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(manifests['hls'], video_id=id)
-            formats.extend(m3u8_frmts)
-            subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, m3u8_subs)
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                manifests['hls'], video_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
         if manifests.get('dash'):
-            dash_frmts, dash_subs = self._parse_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(manifests['dash'])
-            formats.extend(dash_frmts)
-            subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, dash_subs)
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                manifests['dash'], video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
         return {
-            'id': id,
+            'id': video_id,
             'title': data_json.get('title').strip(),
             'description': clean_html(dict_get(data_json, ('longDesc', 'shortDesc'))),
             'thumbnail': data_json.get('poster'),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
index b5beb1ec8..a4180262b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class CBCIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 class CBCPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'cbc.ca:player'
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?:cbcplayer:|https?://(?:www\.)?cbc\.ca/(?:player/play/|i/caffeine/syndicate/\?mediaId=))(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?:cbcplayer:|https?://(?:www\.)?cbc\.ca/(?:player/play/(?:video/)?|i/caffeine/syndicate/\?mediaId=))(?P<id>(?:\d\.)?\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2683190193',
         'md5': '64d25f841ddf4ddb28a235338af32e2c',
@@ -165,9 +165,52 @@ class CBCPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
         },
         'skip': 'Geo-restricted to Canada and no longer available',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://www.cbc.ca/i/caffeine/syndicate/?mediaId=2657631896',
+        'md5': 'e5e708c34ae6fca156aafe17c43e8b75',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2657631896',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'CBC Montreal is organizing its first ever community hackathon!',
+            'description': 'md5:dd3b692f0a139b0369943150bd1c46a9',
+            'timestamp': 1425704400,
+            'upload_date': '20150307',
+            'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://thumbnails.cbc.ca/maven_legacy/thumbnails/sonali-karnick-220.jpg',
+            'chapters': [],
+            'duration': 494.811,
+            'categories': ['AudioMobile/All in a Weekend Montreal'],
+            'tags': 'count:8',
+            'location': 'Quebec',
+            'series': 'All in a Weekend Montreal',
+            'season': 'Season 2015',
+            'season_number': 2015,
+            'media_type': 'Excerpt',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://www.cbc.ca/i/caffeine/syndicate/?mediaId=2164402062',
+        'md5': '33fcd8f6719b9dd60a5e73adcb83b9f6',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2164402062',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Cancer survivor four times over',
+            'description': 'Tim Mayer has beaten three different forms of cancer four times in five years.',
+            'timestamp': 1320410746,
+            'upload_date': '20111104',
+            'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://thumbnails.cbc.ca/maven_legacy/thumbnails/277/67/cancer_852x480_2164412612.jpg',
+            'chapters': [],
+            'duration': 186.867,
+            'series': 'CBC News: Windsor at 6:00',
+            'categories': ['News/Canada/Windsor'],
+            'location': 'Windsor',
+            'tags': ['cancer'],
+            'creators': ['Allison Johnson'],
+            'media_type': 'Excerpt',
+        },
     }, {
         # Redirected from http://www.cbc.ca/player/AudioMobile/All%20in%20a%20Weekend%20Montreal/ID/2657632011/
-        'url': 'http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2657631896',
+        'url': 'https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1.2985700',
         'md5': 'e5e708c34ae6fca156aafe17c43e8b75',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '2657631896',
@@ -189,7 +232,7 @@ class CBCPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
             'media_type': 'Excerpt',
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2164402062',
+        'url': 'https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1.1711287',
         'md5': '33fcd8f6719b9dd60a5e73adcb83b9f6',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '2164402062',
@@ -206,38 +249,75 @@ class CBCPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
             'categories': ['News/Canada/Windsor'],
             'location': 'Windsor',
             'tags': ['cancer'],
-            'creator': 'Allison Johnson',
+            'creators': ['Allison Johnson'],
             'media_type': 'Excerpt',
         },
     }, {
         # Has subtitles
         # These broadcasts expire after ~1 month, can find new test URL here:
         # https://www.cbc.ca/player/news/TV%20Shows/The%20National/Latest%20Broadcast
-        'url': 'http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2284799043667',
-        'md5': '9b49f0839e88b6ec0b01d840cf3d42b5',
+        'url': 'https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1.7159484',
+        'md5': '6ed6cd0fc2ef568d2297ba68a763d455',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '2284799043667',
+            'id': '2324213316001',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'The National | Hockey coach charged, Green grants, Safer drugs',
-            'description': 'md5:84ef46321c94bcf7d0159bb565d26bfa',
-            'timestamp': 1700272800,
-            'duration': 2718.833,
+            'title': 'The National | School boards sue social media giants',
+            'description': 'md5:4b4db69322fa32186c3ce426da07402c',
+            'timestamp': 1711681200,
+            'duration': 2743.400,
             'subtitles': {'eng': [{'ext': 'vtt', 'protocol': 'm3u8_native'}]},
-            'thumbnail': 'https://thumbnails.cbc.ca/maven_legacy/thumbnails/907/171/thumbnail.jpeg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://thumbnails.cbc.ca/maven_legacy/thumbnails/607/559/thumbnail.jpeg',
             'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
             'chapters': 'count:5',
-            'upload_date': '20231118',
+            'upload_date': '20240329',
             'categories': 'count:4',
             'series': 'The National - Full Show',
             'tags': 'count:1',
-            'creator': 'News',
+            'creators': ['News'],
             'location': 'Canada',
             'media_type': 'Full Program',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/1.7194274',
+        'md5': '188b96cf6bdcb2540e178a6caa957128',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2334524995812',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '#TheMoment a rare white spirit moose was spotted in Alberta',
+            'description': 'md5:18ae269a2d0265c5b0bbe4b2e1ac61a3',
+            'timestamp': 1714788791,
+            'duration': 77.678,
+            'subtitles': {'eng': [{'ext': 'vtt', 'protocol': 'm3u8_native'}]},
+            'thumbnail': 'https://thumbnails.cbc.ca/maven_legacy/thumbnails/201/543/THE_MOMENT.jpg',
+            'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
+            'chapters': 'count:0',
+            'upload_date': '20240504',
+            'categories': 'count:3',
+            'series': 'The National',
+            'tags': 'count:15',
+            'creators': ['encoder'],
+            'location': 'Canada',
+            'media_type': 'Excerpt',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'cbcplayer:1.7159484',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'cbcplayer:2164402062',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2657631896',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        if '.' in video_id:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/{video_id}', video_id)
+            video_id = self._search_json(
+                r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage,
+                'initial state', video_id)['video']['currentClip']['mediaId']
+
         return {
             '_type': 'url_transparent',
             'ie_key': 'ThePlatform',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
index 1157114b2..90b4d082e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import base64
 import codecs
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 import hashlib
 import hmac
 import json
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class CDAIE(InfoExtractor):
         self._API_HEADERS['User-Agent'] = f'pl.cda 1.0 (version {app_version}; Android {android_version}; {phone_model})'
 
         cached_bearer = self.cache.load(self._BEARER_CACHE, username) or {}
-        if cached_bearer.get('valid_until', 0) > datetime.datetime.now().timestamp() + 5:
+        if cached_bearer.get('valid_until', 0) > dt.datetime.now().timestamp() + 5:
             self._API_HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {cached_bearer["token"]}'
             return
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class CDAIE(InfoExtractor):
             })
         self.cache.store(self._BEARER_CACHE, username, {
             'token': token_res['access_token'],
-            'valid_until': token_res['expires_in'] + datetime.datetime.now().timestamp(),
+            'valid_until': token_res['expires_in'] + dt.datetime.now().timestamp(),
         })
         self._API_HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {token_res["access_token"]}'
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
index e776ccae9..bebbc6b43 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ from ..networking.exceptions import (
     IncompleteRead,
     network_exceptions,
 )
+from ..networking.impersonate import ImpersonateTarget
 from ..utils import (
     IDENTITY,
     JSON_LD_RE,
@@ -170,12 +171,12 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                                  Automatically calculated from width and height
                     * dynamic_range The dynamic range of the video. One of:
                                  "SDR" (None), "HDR10", "HDR10+, "HDR12", "HLG, "DV"
-                    * tbr        Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s
-                    * abr        Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
+                    * tbr        Average bitrate of audio and video in kbps (1000 bits/sec)
+                    * abr        Average audio bitrate in kbps (1000 bits/sec)
                     * acodec     Name of the audio codec in use
                     * asr        Audio sampling rate in Hertz
                     * audio_channels  Number of audio channels
-                    * vbr        Average video bitrate in KBit/s
+                    * vbr        Average video bitrate in kbps (1000 bits/sec)
                     * fps        Frame rate
                     * vcodec     Name of the video codec in use
                     * container  Name of the container format
@@ -246,7 +247,8 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                     * downloader_options  A dictionary of downloader options
                                  (For internal use only)
                                  * http_chunk_size Chunk size for HTTP downloads
-                                 * ffmpeg_args     Extra arguments for ffmpeg downloader
+                                 * ffmpeg_args     Extra arguments for ffmpeg downloader (input)
+                                 * ffmpeg_args_out Extra arguments for ffmpeg downloader (output)
                     * is_dash_periods  Whether the format is a result of merging
                                  multiple DASH periods.
                     RTMP formats can also have the additional fields: page_url,
@@ -817,7 +819,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
         else:
             return err.status in variadic(expected_status)
 
-    def _create_request(self, url_or_request, data=None, headers=None, query=None):
+    def _create_request(self, url_or_request, data=None, headers=None, query=None, extensions=None):
         if isinstance(url_or_request, urllib.request.Request):
             self._downloader.deprecation_warning(
                 'Passing a urllib.request.Request to _create_request() is deprecated. '
@@ -826,10 +828,11 @@ class InfoExtractor:
         elif not isinstance(url_or_request, Request):
             url_or_request = Request(url_or_request)
 
-        url_or_request.update(data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
+        url_or_request.update(data=data, headers=headers, query=query, extensions=extensions)
         return url_or_request
 
-    def _request_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, data=None, headers=None, query=None, expected_status=None):
+    def _request_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, data=None,
+                         headers=None, query=None, expected_status=None, impersonate=None, require_impersonation=False):
         """
         Return the response handle.
 
@@ -860,8 +863,31 @@ class InfoExtractor:
             headers = (headers or {}).copy()
             headers.setdefault('X-Forwarded-For', self._x_forwarded_for_ip)
 
+        extensions = {}
+
+        if impersonate in (True, ''):
+            impersonate = ImpersonateTarget()
+        requested_targets = [
+            t if isinstance(t, ImpersonateTarget) else ImpersonateTarget.from_str(t)
+            for t in variadic(impersonate)
+        ] if impersonate else []
+
+        available_target = next(filter(self._downloader._impersonate_target_available, requested_targets), None)
+        if available_target:
+            extensions['impersonate'] = available_target
+        elif requested_targets:
+            message = 'The extractor is attempting impersonation, but '
+            message += (
+                'no impersonate target is available' if not str(impersonate)
+                else f'none of these impersonate targets are available: "{", ".join(map(str, requested_targets))}"')
+            info_msg = ('see  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#impersonation  '
+                        'for information on installing the required dependencies')
+            if require_impersonation:
+                raise ExtractorError(f'{message}; {info_msg}', expected=True)
+            self.report_warning(f'{message}; if you encounter errors, then {info_msg}', only_once=True)
+
         try:
-            return self._downloader.urlopen(self._create_request(url_or_request, data, headers, query))
+            return self._downloader.urlopen(self._create_request(url_or_request, data, headers, query, extensions))
         except network_exceptions as err:
             if isinstance(err, HTTPError):
                 if self.__can_accept_status_code(err, expected_status):
@@ -880,13 +906,14 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                 return False
 
     def _download_webpage_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True,
-                                 encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None):
+                                 encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None,
+                                 impersonate=None, require_impersonation=False):
         """
         Return a tuple (page content as string, URL handle).
 
         Arguments:
         url_or_request -- plain text URL as a string or
-            a urllib.request.Request object
+            a yt_dlp.networking.Request object
         video_id -- Video/playlist/item identifier (string)
 
         Keyword arguments:
@@ -911,13 +938,22 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                   returning True if it should be accepted
             Note that this argument does not affect success status codes (2xx)
             which are always accepted.
+        impersonate -- the impersonate target. Can be any of the following entities:
+                - an instance of yt_dlp.networking.impersonate.ImpersonateTarget
+                - a string in the format of CLIENT[:OS]
+                - a list or a tuple of CLIENT[:OS] strings or ImpersonateTarget instances
+                - a boolean value; True means any impersonate target is sufficient
+        require_impersonation -- flag to toggle whether the request should raise an error
+            if impersonation is not possible (bool, default: False)
         """
 
         # Strip hashes from the URL (#1038)
         if isinstance(url_or_request, str):
             url_or_request = url_or_request.partition('#')[0]
 
-        urlh = self._request_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, data=data, headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=expected_status)
+        urlh = self._request_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, data=data,
+                                     headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=expected_status,
+                                     impersonate=impersonate, require_impersonation=require_impersonation)
         if urlh is False:
             assert not fatal
             return False
@@ -1046,17 +1082,20 @@ class InfoExtractor:
             return getattr(ie, parser)(content, *args, **kwargs)
 
         def download_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=note, errnote=errnote, transform_source=None,
-                            fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None):
+                            fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None,
+                            impersonate=None, require_impersonation=False):
             res = self._download_webpage_handle(
                 url_or_request, video_id, note=note, errnote=errnote, fatal=fatal, encoding=encoding,
-                data=data, headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=expected_status)
+                data=data, headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=expected_status,
+                impersonate=impersonate, require_impersonation=require_impersonation)
             if res is False:
                 return res
             content, urlh = res
             return parse(self, content, video_id, transform_source=transform_source, fatal=fatal, errnote=errnote), urlh
 
         def download_content(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=note, errnote=errnote, transform_source=None,
-                             fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None):
+                             fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None,
+                             impersonate=None, require_impersonation=False):
             if self.get_param('load_pages'):
                 url_or_request = self._create_request(url_or_request, data, headers, query)
                 filename = self._request_dump_filename(url_or_request.url, video_id)
@@ -1079,6 +1118,8 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                 'headers': headers,
                 'query': query,
                 'expected_status': expected_status,
+                'impersonate': impersonate,
+                'require_impersonation': require_impersonation,
             }
             if parser is None:
                 kwargs.pop('transform_source')
@@ -1697,12 +1738,16 @@ class InfoExtractor:
         traverse_json_ld(json_ld)
         return filter_dict(info)
 
-    def _search_nextjs_data(self, webpage, video_id, *, transform_source=None, fatal=True, **kw):
-        return self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'(?s)<script[^>]+id=[\'"]__NEXT_DATA__[\'"][^>]*>([^<]+)</script>',
-                webpage, 'next.js data', fatal=fatal, **kw),
-            video_id, transform_source=transform_source, fatal=fatal)
+    def _search_nextjs_data(self, webpage, video_id, *, fatal=True, default=NO_DEFAULT, **kw):
+        if default == '{}':
+            self._downloader.deprecation_warning('using `default=\'{}\'` is deprecated, use `default={}` instead')
+            default = {}
+        if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
+            fatal = False
+
+        return self._search_json(
+            r'<script[^>]+id=[\'"]__NEXT_DATA__[\'"][^>]*>', webpage, 'next.js data',
+            video_id, end_pattern='</script>', fatal=fatal, default=default, **kw)
 
     def _search_nuxt_data(self, webpage, video_id, context_name='__NUXT__', *, fatal=True, traverse=('data', 0)):
         """Parses Nuxt.js metadata. This works as long as the function __NUXT__ invokes is a pure function"""
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/commonmistakes.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/commonmistakes.py
index 1d3b61c73..4514424e8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/commonmistakes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/commonmistakes.py
@@ -40,3 +40,19 @@ class UnicodeBOMIE(InfoExtractor):
             'Your URL starts with a Byte Order Mark (BOM). '
             'Removing the BOM and looking for "%s" ...' % real_url)
         return self.url_result(real_url)
+
+
+class BlobIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = False
+    _VALID_URL = r'blob:'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'blob:https://www.youtube.com/4eb3d090-a761-46e6-8083-c32016a36e3b',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        raise ExtractorError(
+            'You\'ve asked yt-dlp to download a blob URL. '
+            'A blob URL exists only locally in your browser. '
+            'It is not possible for yt-dlp to access it.', expected=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
index d35e9995a..90967c160 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import base64
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
@@ -7,12 +8,11 @@ from ..utils import (
     float_or_none,
     format_field,
     int_or_none,
-    join_nonempty,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
     parse_age_limit,
     parse_count,
     parse_iso8601,
     qualities,
-    remove_start,
     time_seconds,
     traverse_obj,
     url_or_none,
@@ -24,10 +24,15 @@ class CrunchyrollBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _BASE_URL = 'https://www.crunchyroll.com'
     _API_BASE = 'https://api.crunchyroll.com'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'crunchyroll'
+    _REFRESH_TOKEN = None
     _AUTH_HEADERS = None
+    _AUTH_EXPIRY = None
     _API_ENDPOINT = None
-    _BASIC_AUTH = None
-    _CLIENT_ID = ('cr_web', 'noaihdevm_6iyg0a8l0q')
+    _BASIC_AUTH = 'Basic ' + base64.b64encode(':'.join((
+        't-kdgp2h8c3jub8fn0fq',
+        'yfLDfMfrYvKXh4JXS1LEI2cCqu1v5Wan',
+    )).encode()).decode()
+    _IS_PREMIUM = None
     _LOCALE_LOOKUP = {
         'ar': 'ar-SA',
         'de': 'de-DE',
@@ -42,63 +47,78 @@ class CrunchyrollBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         'hi': 'hi-IN',
     }
 
-    @property
-    def is_logged_in(self):
-        return bool(self._get_cookies(self._BASE_URL).get('etp_rt'))
+    def _set_auth_info(self, response):
+        CrunchyrollBaseIE._IS_PREMIUM = 'cr_premium' in traverse_obj(response, ('access_token', {jwt_decode_hs256}, 'benefits', ...))
+        CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS = {'Authorization': response['token_type'] + ' ' + response['access_token']}
+        CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_EXPIRY = time_seconds(seconds=traverse_obj(response, ('expires_in', {float_or_none}), default=300) - 10)
+
+    def _request_token(self, headers, data, note='Requesting token', errnote='Failed to request token'):
+        try:
+            return self._download_json(
+                f'{self._BASE_URL}/auth/v1/token', None, note=note, errnote=errnote,
+                headers=headers, data=urlencode_postdata(data), impersonate=True)
+        except ExtractorError as error:
+            if not isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) or error.cause.status != 403:
+                raise
+            if target := error.cause.response.extensions.get('impersonate'):
+                raise ExtractorError(f'Got HTTP Error 403 when using impersonate target "{target}"')
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Request blocked by Cloudflare. '
+                'Install the required impersonation dependency if possible, '
+                'or else navigate to Crunchyroll in your browser, '
+                'then pass the fresh cookies (with --cookies-from-browser or --cookies) '
+                'and your browser\'s User-Agent (with --user-agent)', expected=True)
 
     def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        if self.is_logged_in:
+        if not CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN:
+            CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, username)
+        if CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN:
             return
 
-        upsell_response = self._download_json(
-            f'{self._API_BASE}/get_upsell_data.0.json', None, 'Getting session id',
-            query={
-                'sess_id': 1,
-                'device_id': 'whatvalueshouldbeforweb',
-                'device_type': 'com.crunchyroll.static',
-                'access_token': 'giKq5eY27ny3cqz',
-                'referer': f'{self._BASE_URL}/welcome/login'
-            })
-        if upsell_response['code'] != 'ok':
-            raise ExtractorError('Could not get session id')
-        session_id = upsell_response['data']['session_id']
-
-        login_response = self._download_json(
-            f'{self._API_BASE}/login.1.json', None, 'Logging in',
-            data=urlencode_postdata({
-                'account': username,
-                'password': password,
-                'session_id': session_id
-            }))
-        if login_response['code'] != 'ok':
-            raise ExtractorError('Login failed. Server message: %s' % login_response['message'], expected=True)
-        if not self.is_logged_in:
-            raise ExtractorError('Login succeeded but did not set etp_rt cookie')
-
-    def _update_auth(self):
-        if CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS and CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_REFRESH > time_seconds():
-            return
-
-        if not CrunchyrollBaseIE._BASIC_AUTH:
-            cx_api_param = self._CLIENT_ID[self.is_logged_in]
-            self.write_debug(f'Using cxApiParam={cx_api_param}')
-            CrunchyrollBaseIE._BASIC_AUTH = 'Basic ' + base64.b64encode(f'{cx_api_param}:'.encode()).decode()
-
-        grant_type = 'etp_rt_cookie' if self.is_logged_in else 'client_id'
         try:
-            auth_response = self._download_json(
-                f'{self._BASE_URL}/auth/v1/token', None, note=f'Authenticating with grant_type={grant_type}',
-                headers={'Authorization': CrunchyrollBaseIE._BASIC_AUTH}, data=f'grant_type={grant_type}'.encode())
+            login_response = self._request_token(
+                headers={'Authorization': self._BASIC_AUTH}, data={
+                    'username': username,
+                    'password': password,
+                    'grant_type': 'password',
+                    'scope': 'offline_access',
+                }, note='Logging in', errnote='Failed to log in')
         except ExtractorError as error:
-            if isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 403:
-                raise ExtractorError(
-                    'Request blocked by Cloudflare; navigate to Crunchyroll in your browser, '
-                    'then pass the fresh cookies (with --cookies-from-browser or --cookies) '
-                    'and your browser\'s User-Agent (with --user-agent)', expected=True)
+            if isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 401:
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid username and/or password', expected=True)
             raise
 
-        CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS = {'Authorization': auth_response['token_type'] + ' ' + auth_response['access_token']}
-        CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_REFRESH = time_seconds(seconds=traverse_obj(auth_response, ('expires_in', {float_or_none}), default=300) - 10)
+        CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN = login_response['refresh_token']
+        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, username, CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN)
+        self._set_auth_info(login_response)
+
+    def _update_auth(self):
+        if CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS and CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_EXPIRY > time_seconds():
+            return
+
+        auth_headers = {'Authorization': self._BASIC_AUTH}
+        if CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN:
+            data = {
+                'refresh_token': CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN,
+                'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
+                'scope': 'offline_access',
+            }
+        else:
+            data = {'grant_type': 'client_id'}
+            auth_headers['ETP-Anonymous-ID'] = uuid.uuid4()
+        try:
+            auth_response = self._request_token(auth_headers, data)
+        except ExtractorError as error:
+            username, password = self._get_login_info()
+            if not username or not isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) or error.cause.status != 400:
+                raise
+            self.to_screen('Refresh token has expired. Re-logging in')
+            CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN = None
+            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, username, None)
+            self._perform_login(username, password)
+            return
+
+        self._set_auth_info(auth_response)
 
     def _locale_from_language(self, language):
         config_locale = self._configuration_arg('metadata', ie_key=CrunchyrollBetaIE, casesense=True)
@@ -135,62 +155,73 @@ class CrunchyrollBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             raise ExtractorError(f'Unexpected response when downloading {note} JSON')
         return result
 
-    def _extract_formats(self, stream_response, display_id=None):
-        requested_formats = self._configuration_arg('format') or ['vo_adaptive_hls']
-        available_formats = {}
-        for stream_type, streams in traverse_obj(
-                stream_response, (('streams', ('data', 0)), {dict.items}, ...)):
-            if stream_type not in requested_formats:
+    def _extract_chapters(self, internal_id):
+        # if no skip events are available, a 403 xml error is returned
+        skip_events = self._download_json(
+            f'https://static.crunchyroll.com/skip-events/production/{internal_id}.json',
+            internal_id, note='Downloading chapter info', fatal=False, errnote=False)
+        if not skip_events:
+            return None
+
+        chapters = []
+        for event in ('recap', 'intro', 'credits', 'preview'):
+            start = traverse_obj(skip_events, (event, 'start', {float_or_none}))
+            end = traverse_obj(skip_events, (event, 'end', {float_or_none}))
+            # some chapters have no start and/or ending time, they will just be ignored
+            if start is None or end is None:
                 continue
-            for stream in traverse_obj(streams, lambda _, v: v['url']):
-                hardsub_lang = stream.get('hardsub_locale') or ''
-                format_id = join_nonempty(stream_type, format_field(stream, 'hardsub_locale', 'hardsub-%s'))
-                available_formats[hardsub_lang] = (stream_type, format_id, hardsub_lang, stream['url'])
+            chapters.append({'title': event.capitalize(), 'start_time': start, 'end_time': end})
+
+        return chapters
+
+    def _extract_stream(self, identifier, display_id=None):
+        if not display_id:
+            display_id = identifier
+
+        self._update_auth()
+        stream_response = self._download_json(
+            f'https://cr-play-service.prd.crunchyrollsvc.com/v1/{identifier}/console/switch/play',
+            display_id, note='Downloading stream info', errnote='Failed to download stream info',
+            headers=CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS)
+
+        available_formats = {'': ('', '', stream_response['url'])}
+        for hardsub_lang, stream in traverse_obj(stream_response, ('hardSubs', {dict.items}, lambda _, v: v[1]['url'])):
+            available_formats[hardsub_lang] = (f'hardsub-{hardsub_lang}', hardsub_lang, stream['url'])
 
         requested_hardsubs = [('' if val == 'none' else val) for val in (self._configuration_arg('hardsub') or ['none'])]
-        if '' in available_formats and 'all' not in requested_hardsubs:
+        hardsub_langs = [lang for lang in available_formats if lang]
+        if hardsub_langs and 'all' not in requested_hardsubs:
             full_format_langs = set(requested_hardsubs)
+            self.to_screen(f'Available hardsub languages: {", ".join(hardsub_langs)}')
             self.to_screen(
-                'To get all formats of a hardsub language, use '
+                'To extract formats of a hardsub language, use '
                 '"--extractor-args crunchyrollbeta:hardsub=<language_code or all>". '
                 'See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#crunchyrollbeta-crunchyroll for more info',
                 only_once=True)
         else:
             full_format_langs = set(map(str.lower, available_formats))
 
-        audio_locale = traverse_obj(stream_response, ((None, 'meta'), 'audio_locale'), get_all=False)
+        audio_locale = traverse_obj(stream_response, ('audioLocale', {str}))
         hardsub_preference = qualities(requested_hardsubs[::-1])
-        formats = []
-        for stream_type, format_id, hardsub_lang, stream_url in available_formats.values():
-            if stream_type.endswith('hls'):
-                if hardsub_lang.lower() in full_format_langs:
-                    adaptive_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                        stream_url, display_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=format_id,
-                        fatal=False, note=f'Downloading {format_id} HLS manifest')
-                else:
-                    adaptive_formats = (self._m3u8_meta_format(stream_url, ext='mp4', m3u8_id=format_id),)
-            elif stream_type.endswith('dash'):
-                adaptive_formats = self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                    stream_url, display_id, mpd_id=format_id,
-                    fatal=False, note=f'Downloading {format_id} MPD manifest')
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for format_id, hardsub_lang, stream_url in available_formats.values():
+            if hardsub_lang.lower() in full_format_langs:
+                adaptive_formats, dash_subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    stream_url, display_id, mpd_id=format_id, headers=CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS,
+                    fatal=False, note=f'Downloading {f"{format_id} " if hardsub_lang else ""}MPD manifest')
+                self._merge_subtitles(dash_subs, target=subtitles)
             else:
-                self.report_warning(f'Encountered unknown stream_type: {stream_type!r}', display_id, only_once=True)
-                continue
+                continue  # XXX: Update this if/when meta mpd formats are working
             for f in adaptive_formats:
                 if f.get('acodec') != 'none':
                     f['language'] = audio_locale
                 f['quality'] = hardsub_preference(hardsub_lang.lower())
             formats.extend(adaptive_formats)
 
-        return formats
+        for locale, subtitle in traverse_obj(stream_response, (('subtitles', 'captions'), {dict.items}, ...)):
+            subtitles.setdefault(locale, []).append(traverse_obj(subtitle, {'url': 'url', 'ext': 'format'}))
 
-    def _extract_subtitles(self, data):
-        subtitles = {}
-
-        for locale, subtitle in traverse_obj(data, ((None, 'meta'), 'subtitles', {dict.items}, ...)):
-            subtitles[locale] = [traverse_obj(subtitle, {'url': 'url', 'ext': 'format'})]
-
-        return subtitles
+        return formats, subtitles
 
 
 class CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
@@ -245,7 +276,11 @@ class CrunchyrollBetaIE(CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE):
             'like_count': int,
             'dislike_count': int,
         },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8', 'format': 'all[format_id~=hardsub]'},
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+            'extractor_args': {'crunchyrollbeta': {'hardsub': ['de-DE']}},
+            'format': 'bv[format_id~=hardsub]',
+        },
     }, {
         # Premium only
         'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GYE5WKQGR',
@@ -306,6 +341,7 @@ class CrunchyrollBetaIE(CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'no longer exists',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/G62PEZ2E6',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -359,31 +395,16 @@ class CrunchyrollBetaIE(CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE):
         else:
             raise ExtractorError(f'Unknown object type {object_type}')
 
-        # There might be multiple audio languages for one object (`<object>_metadata.versions`),
-        # so we need to get the id from `streams_link` instead or we dont know which language to choose
-        streams_link = response.get('streams_link')
-        if not streams_link and traverse_obj(response, (f'{object_type}_metadata', 'is_premium_only')):
+        if not self._IS_PREMIUM and traverse_obj(response, (f'{object_type}_metadata', 'is_premium_only')):
             message = f'This {object_type} is for premium members only'
-            if self.is_logged_in:
-                raise ExtractorError(message, expected=True)
-            self.raise_login_required(message)
+            if CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN:
+                self.raise_no_formats(message, expected=True, video_id=internal_id)
+            else:
+                self.raise_login_required(message, method='password', metadata_available=True)
+        else:
+            result['formats'], result['subtitles'] = self._extract_stream(internal_id)
 
-        # We need go from unsigned to signed api to avoid getting soft banned
-        stream_response = self._call_cms_api_signed(remove_start(
-            streams_link, '/content/v2/cms/'), internal_id, lang, 'stream info')
-        result['formats'] = self._extract_formats(stream_response, internal_id)
-        result['subtitles'] = self._extract_subtitles(stream_response)
-
-        # if no intro chapter is available, a 403 without usable data is returned
-        intro_chapter = self._download_json(
-            f'https://static.crunchyroll.com/datalab-intro-v2/{internal_id}.json',
-            internal_id, note='Downloading chapter info', fatal=False, errnote=False)
-        if isinstance(intro_chapter, dict):
-            result['chapters'] = [{
-                'title': 'Intro',
-                'start_time': float_or_none(intro_chapter.get('startTime')),
-                'end_time': float_or_none(intro_chapter.get('endTime')),
-            }]
+        result['chapters'] = self._extract_chapters(internal_id)
 
         def calculate_count(item):
             return parse_count(''.join((item['displayed'], item.get('unit') or '')))
@@ -512,7 +533,7 @@ class CrunchyrollMusicIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
             'display_id': 'egaono-hana',
             'title': 'Egaono Hana',
             'track': 'Egaono Hana',
-            'artist': 'Goose house',
+            'artists': ['Goose house'],
             'thumbnail': r're:(?i)^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
             'genres': ['J-Pop'],
         },
@@ -525,11 +546,12 @@ class CrunchyrollMusicIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
             'display_id': 'crossing-field',
             'title': 'Crossing Field',
             'track': 'Crossing Field',
-            'artist': 'LiSA',
+            'artists': ['LiSA'],
             'thumbnail': r're:(?i)^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
             'genres': ['Anime'],
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'no longer exists',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/concert/MC2E2AC135',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -538,7 +560,7 @@ class CrunchyrollMusicIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
             'display_id': 'live-is-smile-always-364joker-at-yokohama-arena',
             'title': 'LiVE is Smile Always-364+JOKER- at YOKOHAMA ARENA',
             'track': 'LiVE is Smile Always-364+JOKER- at YOKOHAMA ARENA',
-            'artist': 'LiSA',
+            'artists': ['LiSA'],
             'thumbnail': r're:(?i)^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
             'description': 'md5:747444e7e6300907b7a43f0a0503072e',
             'genres': ['J-Pop'],
@@ -566,16 +588,16 @@ class CrunchyrollMusicIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
         if not response:
             raise ExtractorError(f'No video with id {internal_id} could be found (possibly region locked?)', expected=True)
 
-        streams_link = response.get('streams_link')
-        if not streams_link and response.get('isPremiumOnly'):
-            message = f'This {response.get("type") or "media"} is for premium members only'
-            if self.is_logged_in:
-                raise ExtractorError(message, expected=True)
-            self.raise_login_required(message)
-
         result = self._transform_music_response(response)
-        stream_response = self._call_api(streams_link, internal_id, lang, 'stream info')
-        result['formats'] = self._extract_formats(stream_response, internal_id)
+
+        if not self._IS_PREMIUM and response.get('isPremiumOnly'):
+            message = f'This {response.get("type") or "media"} is for premium members only'
+            if CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN:
+                self.raise_no_formats(message, expected=True, video_id=internal_id)
+            else:
+                self.raise_login_required(message, method='password', metadata_available=True)
+        else:
+            result['formats'], _ = self._extract_stream(f'music/{internal_id}', internal_id)
 
         return result
 
@@ -587,7 +609,7 @@ class CrunchyrollMusicIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
                 'display_id': 'slug',
                 'title': 'title',
                 'track': 'title',
-                'artist': ('artist', 'name'),
+                'artists': ('artist', 'name', all),
                 'description': ('description', {str}, {lambda x: x.replace(r'\r\n', '\n') or None}),
                 'thumbnails': ('images', ..., ..., {
                     'url': ('source', {url_or_none}),
@@ -611,7 +633,7 @@ class CrunchyrollArtistIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'MA179CB50D',
             'title': 'LiSA',
-            'genres': ['J-Pop', 'Anime', 'Rock'],
+            'genres': ['Anime', 'J-Pop', 'Rock'],
             'description': 'md5:16d87de61a55c3f7d6c454b73285938e',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 83,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
index bc2efce12..0246975c1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
@@ -65,12 +65,14 @@ class DropboxIE(InfoExtractor):
         formats, subtitles, has_anonymous_download = [], {}, False
         for encoded in reversed(re.findall(r'registerStreamedPrefetch\s*\(\s*"[\w/+=]+"\s*,\s*"([\w/+=]+)"', webpage)):
             decoded = base64.b64decode(encoded).decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
+            if not has_anonymous_download:
+                has_anonymous_download = self._search_regex(
+                    r'(anonymous:\tanonymous)', decoded, 'anonymous', default=False)
             transcode_url = self._search_regex(
                 r'\n.(https://[^\x03\x08\x12\n]+\.m3u8)', decoded, 'transcode url', default=None)
             if not transcode_url:
                 continue
             formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(transcode_url, video_id, 'mp4')
-            has_anonymous_download = self._search_regex(r'(anonymous:\tanonymous)', decoded, 'anonymous', default=False)
             break
 
         # downloads enabled we can get the original file
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dtube.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dtube.py
index bb06c42be..5ea014cf0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dtube.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dtube.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import json
-from socket import timeout
+import socket
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class DTubeIE(InfoExtractor):
             try:
                 self.to_screen('%s: Checking %s video format URL' % (video_id, format_id))
                 self._downloader._opener.open(video_url, timeout=5).close()
-            except timeout:
+            except socket.timeout:
                 self.to_screen(
                     '%s: %s URL is invalid, skipping' % (video_id, format_id))
                 continue
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/europa.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/europa.py
index 191a4361a..29dfc8ae9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/europa.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/europa.py
@@ -94,13 +94,14 @@ class EuropaIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 class EuroParlWebstreamIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-        https?://multimedia\.europarl\.europa\.eu/[^/#?]+/
-        (?:(?!video)[^/#?]+/[\w-]+_)(?P<id>[\w-]+)
+        https?://multimedia\.europarl\.europa\.eu/
+        (?:\w+/)?webstreaming/(?:[\w-]+_)?(?P<id>[\w-]+)
     '''
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/pl/webstreaming/plenary-session_20220914-0900-PLENARY',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '62388b15-d85b-4add-99aa-ba12ccf64f0d',
+            'display_id': '20220914-0900-PLENARY',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Plenary session',
             'release_timestamp': 1663139069,
@@ -125,6 +126,7 @@ class EuroParlWebstreamIE(InfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/webstreaming/committee-on-culture-and-education_20230301-1130-COMMITTEE-CULT',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '7355662c-8eac-445e-4bb9-08db14b0ddd7',
+            'display_id': '20230301-1130-COMMITTEE-CULT',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'release_date': '20230301',
             'title': 'Committee on Culture and Education',
@@ -142,6 +144,19 @@ class EuroParlWebstreamIE(InfoExtractor):
             'live_status': 'is_live',
         },
         'skip': 'Not live anymore'
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/webstreaming/20240320-1345-SPECIAL-PRESSER',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'c1f11567-5b52-470a-f3e1-08dc3c216ace',
+            'display_id': '20240320-1345-SPECIAL-PRESSER',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'release_date': '20240320',
+            'title': 'md5:7c6c814cac55dea5e2d87bf8d3db2234',
+            'release_timestamp': 1710939767,
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/webstreaming/briefing-for-media-on-2024-european-elections_20240429-1000-SPECIAL-OTHER',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -166,6 +181,7 @@ class EuroParlWebstreamIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         return {
             'id': json_info['id'],
+            'display_id': display_id,
             'title': traverse_obj(webpage_nextjs, (('mediaItem', 'title'), ('title', )), get_all=False),
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
index 834b1df18..b76407a5c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
                     js_data, lambda x: x['jsmods']['instances'], list) or [])
 
         def extract_dash_manifest(video, formats):
-            dash_manifest = video.get('dash_manifest')
+            dash_manifest = traverse_obj(video, 'dash_manifest', 'playlist', expected_type=str)
             if dash_manifest:
                 formats.extend(self._parse_mpd_formats(
                     compat_etree_fromstring(urllib.parse.unquote_plus(dash_manifest)),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
index 9d8251582..2cfed0fd0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
@@ -2104,22 +2104,6 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'age_limit': 0,
             },
         },
-        {
-            'note': 'JW Player embed with unicode-escape sequences in URL',
-            'url': 'https://www.medici.tv/en/concerts/lahav-shani-mozart-mahler-israel-philharmonic-abu-dhabi-classics',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'm',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Lahav Shani conducts the Israel Philharmonic\'s first-ever concert in Abu Dhabi',
-                'description': 'Mahler\'s ',
-                'uploader': 'www.medici.tv',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+\.jpg',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
         {
             'url': 'https://shooshtime.com/videos/284002/just-out-of-the-shower-joi/',
             'md5': 'e2f0a4c329f7986280b7328e24036d60',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
index 74aad1192..7a98e0f31 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import base64
 import binascii
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 import hashlib
 import hmac
 import json
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ class AwsIdp:
         months = [None, 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']
         days = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
 
-        time_now = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
+        time_now = dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc)
         format_string = "{} {} {} %H:%M:%S UTC %Y".format(days[time_now.weekday()], months[time_now.month], time_now.day)
         time_string = time_now.strftime(format_string)
         return time_string
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/hytale.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/hytale.py
index 0f4dcc309..e8cd21a64 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/hytale.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/hytale.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import re
 
+from .cloudflarestream import CloudflareStreamIE
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class HytaleIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ class HytaleIE(InfoExtractor):
         entries = [
             self.url_result(
                 f'https://cloudflarestream.com/{video_hash}/manifest/video.mpd?parentOrigin=https%3A%2F%2Fhytale.com',
-                title=self._titles.get(video_hash), url_transparent=True)
+                CloudflareStreamIE, title=self._titles.get(video_hash), url_transparent=True)
             for video_hash in re.findall(
                 r'<stream\s+class\s*=\s*"ql-video\s+cf-stream"\s+src\s*=\s*"([a-f0-9]{32})"',
                 webpage)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/jiosaavn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/jiosaavn.py
index a59209835..35fb3fd6b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/jiosaavn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/jiosaavn.py
@@ -1,89 +1,143 @@
+import functools
+import math
+import re
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    InAdvancePagedList,
+    clean_html,
     int_or_none,
-    js_to_json,
+    make_archive_id,
+    smuggle_url,
+    unsmuggle_url,
+    url_basename,
     url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
-    urljoin,
 )
 from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class JioSaavnBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    def _extract_initial_data(self, url, audio_id):
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, audio_id)
-        return self._search_json(
-            r'window\.__INITIAL_DATA__\s*=', webpage,
-            'init json', audio_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
+    _API_URL = 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/api.php'
+    _VALID_BITRATES = {'16', '32', '64', '128', '320'}
 
-
-class JioSaavnSongIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:jiosaavn\.com/song/[^/?#]+/|saavn\.com/s/song/(?:[^/?#]+/){3})(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/leja-re/OQsEfQFVUXk',
-        'md5': '3b84396d15ed9e083c3106f1fa589c04',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'OQsEfQFVUXk',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Leja Re',
-            'album': 'Leja Re',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://c.saavncdn.com/258/Leja-Re-Hindi-2018-20181124024539-500x500.jpg',
-            'duration': 205,
-            'view_count': int,
-            'release_year': 2018,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.saavn.com/s/song/hindi/Saathiya/O-Humdum-Suniyo-Re/KAMiazoCblU',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    _VALID_BITRATES = ('16', '32', '64', '128', '320')
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        audio_id = self._match_id(url)
-        extract_bitrates = self._configuration_arg('bitrate', ['128', '320'], ie_key='JioSaavn')
-        if invalid_bitrates := [br for br in extract_bitrates if br not in self._VALID_BITRATES]:
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def requested_bitrates(self):
+        requested_bitrates = self._configuration_arg('bitrate', ['128', '320'], ie_key='JioSaavn')
+        if invalid_bitrates := set(requested_bitrates) - self._VALID_BITRATES:
             raise ValueError(
                 f'Invalid bitrate(s): {", ".join(invalid_bitrates)}. '
-                + f'Valid bitrates are: {", ".join(self._VALID_BITRATES)}')
+                + f'Valid bitrates are: {", ".join(sorted(self._VALID_BITRATES, key=int))}')
+        return requested_bitrates
 
-        song_data = self._extract_initial_data(url, audio_id)['song']['song']
-        formats = []
-        for bitrate in extract_bitrates:
+    def _extract_formats(self, song_data):
+        for bitrate in self.requested_bitrates:
             media_data = self._download_json(
-                'https://www.jiosaavn.com/api.php', audio_id, f'Downloading format info for {bitrate}',
+                self._API_URL, song_data['id'],
+                f'Downloading format info for {bitrate}',
                 fatal=False, data=urlencode_postdata({
                     '__call': 'song.generateAuthToken',
                     '_format': 'json',
                     'bitrate': bitrate,
                     'url': song_data['encrypted_media_url'],
                 }))
-            if not media_data.get('auth_url'):
+            if not traverse_obj(media_data, ('auth_url', {url_or_none})):
                 self.report_warning(f'Unable to extract format info for {bitrate}')
                 continue
-            formats.append({
+            ext = media_data.get('type')
+            yield {
                 'url': media_data['auth_url'],
-                'ext': media_data.get('type'),
+                'ext': 'm4a' if ext == 'mp4' else ext,
                 'format_id': bitrate,
                 'abr': int(bitrate),
                 'vcodec': 'none',
+            }
+
+    def _extract_song(self, song_data, url=None):
+        info = traverse_obj(song_data, {
+            'id': ('id', {str}),
+            'title': ('song', {clean_html}),
+            'album': ('album', {clean_html}),
+            'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}, {lambda x: re.sub(r'-\d+x\d+\.', '-500x500.', x)}),
+            'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+            'view_count': ('play_count', {int_or_none}),
+            'release_year': ('year', {int_or_none}),
+            'artists': ('primary_artists', {lambda x: x.split(', ') if x else None}),
+            'webpage_url': ('perma_url', {url_or_none}),
+        })
+        if webpage_url := info.get('webpage_url') or url:
+            info['display_id'] = url_basename(webpage_url)
+            info['_old_archive_ids'] = [make_archive_id(JioSaavnSongIE, info['display_id'])]
+
+        return info
+
+    def _call_api(self, type_, token, note='API', params={}):
+        return self._download_json(
+            self._API_URL, token, f'Downloading {note} JSON', f'Unable to download {note} JSON',
+            query={
+                '__call': 'webapi.get',
+                '_format': 'json',
+                '_marker': '0',
+                'ctx': 'web6dot0',
+                'token': token,
+                'type': type_,
+                **params,
             })
 
-        return {
-            'id': audio_id,
-            'formats': formats,
-            **traverse_obj(song_data, {
-                'title': ('title', 'text'),
-                'album': ('album', 'text'),
-                'thumbnail': ('image', 0, {url_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
-                'view_count': ('play_count', {int_or_none}),
-                'release_year': ('year', {int_or_none}),
-            }),
-        }
+    def _yield_songs(self, playlist_data):
+        for song_data in traverse_obj(playlist_data, ('songs', lambda _, v: v['id'] and v['perma_url'])):
+            song_info = self._extract_song(song_data)
+            url = smuggle_url(song_info['webpage_url'], {
+                'id': song_data['id'],
+                'encrypted_media_url': song_data['encrypted_media_url'],
+            })
+            yield self.url_result(url, JioSaavnSongIE, url_transparent=True, **song_info)
+
+
+class JioSaavnSongIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'jiosaavn:song'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:jiosaavn\.com/song/[^/?#]+/|saavn\.com/s/song/(?:[^/?#]+/){3})(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/leja-re/OQsEfQFVUXk',
+        'md5': '3b84396d15ed9e083c3106f1fa589c04',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'IcoLuefJ',
+            'display_id': 'OQsEfQFVUXk',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': 'Leja Re',
+            'album': 'Leja Re',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://c.saavncdn.com/258/Leja-Re-Hindi-2018-20181124024539-500x500.jpg',
+            'duration': 205,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'release_year': 2018,
+            'artists': ['Sandesh Shandilya', 'Dhvani Bhanushali', 'Tanishk Bagchi'],
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['jiosaavnsong OQsEfQFVUXk'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.saavn.com/s/song/hindi/Saathiya/O-Humdum-Suniyo-Re/KAMiazoCblU',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url)
+        song_data = traverse_obj(smuggled_data, ({
+            'id': ('id', {str}),
+            'encrypted_media_url': ('encrypted_media_url', {str}),
+        }))
+
+        if 'id' in song_data and 'encrypted_media_url' in song_data:
+            result = {'id': song_data['id']}
+        else:
+            # only extract metadata if this is not a url_transparent result
+            song_data = self._call_api('song', self._match_id(url))['songs'][0]
+            result = self._extract_song(song_data, url)
+
+        result['formats'] = list(self._extract_formats(song_data))
+        return result
 
 
 class JioSaavnAlbumIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'jiosaavn:album'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:jio)?saavn\.com/album/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/96/buIOjYZDrNA_',
@@ -95,11 +149,46 @@ class JioSaavnAlbumIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        album_id = self._match_id(url)
-        album_view = self._extract_initial_data(url, album_id)['albumView']
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        album_data = self._call_api('album', display_id)
 
-        return self.playlist_from_matches(
-            traverse_obj(album_view, (
-                'modules', lambda _, x: x['key'] == 'list', 'data', ..., 'title', 'action', {str})),
-            album_id, traverse_obj(album_view, ('album', 'title', 'text', {str})), ie=JioSaavnSongIE,
-            getter=lambda x: urljoin('https://www.jiosaavn.com/', x))
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._yield_songs(album_data), display_id, traverse_obj(album_data, ('title', {str})))
+
+
+class JioSaavnPlaylistIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'jiosaavn:playlist'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:jio)?saavn\.com/s/playlist/(?:[^/?#]+/){2}(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/s/playlist/2279fbe391defa793ad7076929a2f5c9/mood-english/LlJ8ZWT1ibN5084vKHRj2Q__',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'LlJ8ZWT1ibN5084vKHRj2Q__',
+            'title': 'Mood English',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 301,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/s/playlist/2279fbe391defa793ad7076929a2f5c9/mood-hindi/DVR,pFUOwyXqIp77B1JF,A__',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'DVR,pFUOwyXqIp77B1JF,A__',
+            'title': 'Mood Hindi',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 801,
+    }]
+    _PAGE_SIZE = 50
+
+    def _fetch_page(self, token, page):
+        return self._call_api(
+            'playlist', token, f'playlist page {page}', {'p': page, 'n': self._PAGE_SIZE})
+
+    def _entries(self, token, first_page_data, page):
+        page_data = first_page_data if not page else self._fetch_page(token, page + 1)
+        yield from self._yield_songs(page_data)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        playlist_data = self._fetch_page(display_id, 1)
+        total_pages = math.ceil(int(playlist_data['list_count']) / self._PAGE_SIZE)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(InAdvancePagedList(
+            functools.partial(self._entries, display_id, playlist_data),
+            total_pages, self._PAGE_SIZE), display_id, traverse_obj(playlist_data, ('listname', {str})))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/joqrag.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/joqrag.py
index 3bb28af94..7a91d4a23 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/joqrag.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/joqrag.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ class JoqrAgIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _extract_start_timestamp(self, video_id, is_live):
         def extract_start_time_from(date_str):
-            dt = datetime_from_str(date_str) + datetime.timedelta(hours=9)
-            date = dt.strftime('%Y%m%d')
+            dt_ = datetime_from_str(date_str) + dt.timedelta(hours=9)
+            date = dt_.strftime('%Y%m%d')
             start_time = self._search_regex(
                 r'<h3[^>]+\bclass="dailyProgram-itemHeaderTime"[^>]*>[\s\d:]+–\s*(\d{1,2}:\d{1,2})',
                 self._download_webpage(
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class JoqrAgIE(InfoExtractor):
                     errnote=f'Failed to download program list of {date}') or '',
                 'start time', default=None)
             if start_time:
-                return unified_timestamp(f'{dt.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")} {start_time} +09:00')
+                return unified_timestamp(f'{dt_.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")} {start_time} +09:00')
             return None
 
         start_timestamp = extract_start_time_from('today')
@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ class JoqrAgIE(InfoExtractor):
             note='Downloading metadata', errnote='Failed to download metadata')
         title = self._extract_metadata('Program_name', metadata)
 
-        if title == '放送休止':
+        if not title or title == '放送休止':
             formats = []
             live_status = 'is_upcoming'
             release_timestamp = self._extract_start_timestamp(video_id, False)
             msg = 'This stream is not currently live'
             if release_timestamp:
                 msg += (' and will start at '
-                        + datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(release_timestamp).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
+                        + dt.datetime.fromtimestamp(release_timestamp).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
             self.raise_no_formats(msg, expected=True)
         else:
             m3u8_path = self._search_regex(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
index d12437242..889548f52 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 class KickBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_initialize(self):
-        self._request_webpage(HEADRequest('https://kick.com/'), None, 'Setting up session', fatal=False)
+        self._request_webpage(
+            HEADRequest('https://kick.com/'), None, 'Setting up session', fatal=False, impersonate=True)
         xsrf_token = self._get_cookies('https://kick.com/').get('XSRF-TOKEN')
         if not xsrf_token:
             self.write_debug('kick.com did not set XSRF-TOKEN cookie')
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ class KickBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _call_api(self, path, display_id, note='Downloading API JSON', headers={}, **kwargs):
         return self._download_json(
             f'https://kick.com/api/v1/{path}', display_id, note=note,
-            headers=merge_dicts(headers, self._API_HEADERS), **kwargs)
+            headers=merge_dicts(headers, self._API_HEADERS), impersonate=True, **kwargs)
 
 
 class KickIE(KickBaseIE):
@@ -82,26 +83,27 @@ class KickIE(KickBaseIE):
 class KickVODIE(KickBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kick\.com/video/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://kick.com/video/54244b5e-050a-4df4-a013-b2433dafbe35',
-        'md5': '73691206a6a49db25c5aa1588e6538fc',
+        'url': 'https://kick.com/video/58bac65b-e641-4476-a7ba-3707a35e60e3',
+        'md5': '3870f94153e40e7121a6e46c068b70cb',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '54244b5e-050a-4df4-a013-b2433dafbe35',
+            'id': '58bac65b-e641-4476-a7ba-3707a35e60e3',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Making 710-carBoosting. Kinda No Pixel inspired.  !guilded  - !links',
-            'description': 'md5:a0d3546bf7955d0a8252ffe0fd6f518f',
-            'channel': 'kmack710',
-            'channel_id': '16278',
-            'uploader': 'Kmack710',
-            'uploader_id': '16412',
-            'upload_date': '20221206',
-            'timestamp': 1670318289,
-            'duration': 40104.0,
+            'title': '🤠REBIRTH IS BACK!!!!🤠!stake CODE JAREDFPS 🤠',
+            'description': 'md5:02b0c46f9b4197fb545ab09dddb85b1d',
+            'channel': 'jaredfps',
+            'channel_id': '26608',
+            'uploader': 'JaredFPS',
+            'uploader_id': '26799',
+            'upload_date': '20240402',
+            'timestamp': 1712097108,
+            'duration': 33859.0,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
-            'categories': ['Grand Theft Auto V'],
+            'categories': ['Call of Duty: Warzone'],
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': 'm3u8',
         },
+        'expected_warnings': [r'impersonation'],
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/leeco.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/leeco.py
index 85033b8f8..5d61a607f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/leeco.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/leeco.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 import hashlib
 import re
 import time
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class LeIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         publish_time = parse_iso8601(self._html_search_regex(
             r'发布时间&nbsp;([^<>]+) ', page, 'publish time', default=None),
-            delimiter=' ', timezone=datetime.timedelta(hours=8))
+            delimiter=' ', timezone=dt.timedelta(hours=8))
         description = self._html_search_meta('description', page, fatal=False)
 
         return {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/linkedin.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/linkedin.py
index ad41c0e20..e12f467ef 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/linkedin.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/linkedin.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from itertools import zip_longest
+import itertools
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class LinkedInLearningIE(LinkedInLearningBaseIE):
 
     def json2srt(self, transcript_lines, duration=None):
         srt_data = ''
-        for line, (line_dict, next_dict) in enumerate(zip_longest(transcript_lines, transcript_lines[1:])):
+        for line, (line_dict, next_dict) in enumerate(itertools.zip_longest(transcript_lines, transcript_lines[1:])):
             start_time, caption = line_dict['transcriptStartAt'] / 1000, line_dict['caption']
             end_time = next_dict['transcriptStartAt'] / 1000 if next_dict else duration or start_time + 1
             srt_data += '%d\n%s --> %s\n%s\n\n' % (line + 1, srt_subtitles_timecode(start_time),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/masters.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/masters.py
index 716f1c961..c3c58d7d0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/masters.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/masters.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     traverse_obj,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/medici.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/medici.py
index 328ccd2c9..b6235b64d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/medici.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/medici.py
@@ -1,67 +1,153 @@
+import urllib.parse
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
-    unified_strdate,
-    update_url_query,
-    urlencode_postdata,
+    filter_dict,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+    url_or_none,
 )
 
 
 class MediciIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?medici\.tv/#!/(?P<id>[^?#&]+)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://www.medici.tv/#!/daniel-harding-frans-helmerson-verbier-festival-music-camp',
-        'md5': '004c21bb0a57248085b6ff3fec72719d',
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?P<sub>www|edu)\.)?medici\.tv/[a-z]{2}/[\w.-]+/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.medici.tv/en/operas/thomas-ades-the-exterminating-angel-calixto-bieito-opera-bastille-paris',
+        'md5': 'd483f74e7a7a9eac0dbe152ab189050d',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '3059',
-            'ext': 'flv',
-            'title': 'Daniel Harding conducts the Verbier Festival Music Camp \u2013 With Frans Helmerson',
-            'description': 'md5:322a1e952bafb725174fd8c1a8212f58',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'upload_date': '20170408',
+            'id': '8032',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Thomas Adès\'s The Exterminating Angel',
+            'description': 'md5:708ae6350dadc604225b4a6e32482bab',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20240304',
+            'timestamp': 1709561766,
+            'display_id': 'thomas-ades-the-exterminating-angel-calixto-bieito-opera-bastille-paris',
         },
-    }
+        'expected_warnings': [r'preview'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://edu.medici.tv/en/operas/wagner-lohengrin-paris-opera-kirill-serebrennikov-piotr-beczala-kwangchul-youn-johanni-van-oostrum',
+        'md5': '4ef3f4079a6e1c617584463a9eb84f99',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7900',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Wagner\'s Lohengrin',
+            'description': 'md5:a384a62937866101f86902f21752cd89',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20231017',
+            'timestamp': 1697554771,
+            'display_id': 'wagner-lohengrin-paris-opera-kirill-serebrennikov-piotr-beczala-kwangchul-youn-johanni-van-oostrum',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': [r'preview'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.medici.tv/en/concerts/sergey-smbatyan-conducts-mansurian-chouchane-siranossian-mario-brunello',
+        'md5': '9dd757e53b22b2511e85ea9ea60e4815',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5712',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Sergey Smbatyan conducts Tigran Mansurian — With Chouchane Siranossian and Mario Brunello',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:9411fe44c874bb10e9af288c65816e41',
+            'upload_date': '20200323',
+            'timestamp': 1584975600,
+            'display_id': 'sergey-smbatyan-conducts-mansurian-chouchane-siranossian-mario-brunello',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': [r'preview'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.medici.tv/en/ballets/carmen-ballet-choregraphie-de-jiri-bubenicek-teatro-dellopera-di-roma',
+        'md5': '40f5e76cb701a97a6d7ba23b62c49990',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7857',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Carmen by Jiří Bubeníček after Roland Petit, music by Bizet, de Falla, Castelnuovo-Tedesco, and Bonolis',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:0f15a15611ed748020c769873e10a8bb',
+            'upload_date': '20240223',
+            'timestamp': 1708707600,
+            'display_id': 'carmen-ballet-choregraphie-de-jiri-bubenicek-teatro-dellopera-di-roma',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': [r'preview'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.medici.tv/en/documentaries/la-sonnambula-liege-2023-documentaire',
+        'md5': '87ff198018ce79a34757ab0dd6f21080',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7513',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'La Sonnambula',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:0caf9109a860fd50cd018df062a67f34',
+            'upload_date': '20231103',
+            'timestamp': 1699010830,
+            'display_id': 'la-sonnambula-liege-2023-documentaire',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': [r'preview'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://edu.medici.tv/en/masterclasses/yvonne-loriod-olivier-messiaen',
+        'md5': 'fb5dcec46d76ad20fbdbaabb01da191d',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3024',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Olivier Messiaen and Yvonne Loriod, pianists and teachers',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:aab948e2f7690214b5c28896c83f1fc1',
+            'upload_date': '20150223',
+            'timestamp': 1424706608,
+            'display_id': 'yvonne-loriod-olivier-messiaen',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Requires authentication; preview starts in the middle',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.medici.tv/en/jazz/makaya-mccraven-la-rochelle',
+        'md5': '4cc279a8b06609782747c8f50beea2b3',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7922',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'NEW: Makaya McCraven in La Rochelle',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:b5a8aaeb6993d8ccb18bde8abb8aa8d2',
+            'upload_date': '20231228',
+            'timestamp': 1703754863,
+            'display_id': 'makaya-mccraven-la-rochelle',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': [r'preview'],
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        display_id, subdomain = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'sub')
+        self._request_webpage(url, display_id, 'Requesting CSRF token cookie')
 
-        # Sets csrftoken cookie
-        self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-
-        MEDICI_URL = 'http://www.medici.tv/'
+        subdomain = 'edu-' if subdomain == 'edu' else ''
+        origin = f'https://{urllib.parse.urlparse(url).hostname}'
 
         data = self._download_json(
-            MEDICI_URL, video_id,
-            data=urlencode_postdata({
-                'json': 'true',
-                'page': '/%s' % video_id,
-                'timezone_offset': -420,
-            }), headers={
-                'X-CSRFToken': self._get_cookies(url)['csrftoken'].value,
-                'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
-                'Referer': MEDICI_URL,
-                'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
-            })
+            f'https://api.medici.tv/{subdomain}satie/edito/movie-file/{display_id}/', display_id,
+            headers=filter_dict({
+                'Authorization': try_call(
+                    lambda: urllib.parse.unquote(self._get_cookies(url)['auth._token.mAuth'].value)),
+                'Device-Type': 'web',
+                'Origin': origin,
+                'Referer': f'{origin}/',
+                'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
+            }))
 
-        video = data['video']['videos']['video1']
+        if not traverse_obj(data, ('video', 'is_full_video')) and traverse_obj(
+                data, ('video', 'is_limited_by_user_access')):
+            self.report_warning(
+                'The full video is for subscribers only. Only previews will be downloaded. If you '
+                'have used the --cookies-from-browser option, try using the --cookies option instead')
 
-        title = video.get('nom') or data['title']
-
-        video_id = video.get('id') or video_id
-        formats = self._extract_f4m_formats(
-            update_url_query(video['url_akamai'], {
-                'hdcore': '3.1.0',
-                'plugin=aasp': '3.1.0.43.124',
-            }), video_id, f4m_id='hds')
-
-        description = data.get('meta_description')
-        thumbnail = video.get('url_thumbnail') or data.get('main_image')
-        upload_date = unified_strdate(data['video'].get('date'))
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+            data['video']['video_url'], display_id, 'mp4')
 
         return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': description,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-            'upload_date': upload_date,
+            'id': str(data['id']),
+            'display_id': display_id,
             'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('subtitle', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('picture', {url_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('date_publish', {parse_iso8601}),
+            }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftstream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftstream.py
index 9b50996b7..5f5f16087 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftstream.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftstream.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from base64 import b64decode
+import base64
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class MicrosoftStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'url': thumbnail_url,
             }
             thumb_name = url_basename(thumbnail_url)
-            thumb_name = str(b64decode(thumb_name + '=' * (-len(thumb_name) % 4)))
+            thumb_name = str(base64.b64decode(thumb_name + '=' * (-len(thumb_name) % 4)))
             thumb.update(parse_resolution(thumb_name))
             thumbnails.append(thumb)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py
index 4be694728..58c4a2301 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import UserNotLive, traverse_obj
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    UserNotLive,
+    int_or_none,
+    str_or_none,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class MixchIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -7,17 +15,20 @@ class MixchIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mixch\.tv/u/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://mixch.tv/u/16236849/live',
+        'url': 'https://mixch.tv/u/16943797/live',
         'skip': 'don\'t know if this live persists',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '16236849',
-            'title': '24配信シェア⭕️投票🙏💦',
-            'comment_count': 13145,
-            'view_count': 28348,
-            'timestamp': 1636189377,
-            'uploader': '🦥伊咲👶🏻#フレアワ',
-            'uploader_id': '16236849',
-        }
+            'id': '16943797',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '#EntView #カリナ #セブチ 2024-05-05 06:58',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1714726805,
+            'uploader': 'Ent.View K-news🎶💕',
+            'uploader_id': '16943797',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'upload_date': '20240503',
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://mixch.tv/u/16137876/live',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -25,31 +36,41 @@ class MixchIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://mixch.tv/u/{video_id}/live', video_id)
-
-        initial_js_state = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'(?m)^\s*window\.__INITIAL_JS_STATE__\s*=\s*(\{.+?\});\s*$', webpage, 'initial JS state'), video_id)
-        if not initial_js_state.get('liveInfo'):
+        data = self._download_json(f'https://mixch.tv/api-web/users/{video_id}/live', video_id)
+        if not traverse_obj(data, ('liveInfo', {dict})):
             raise UserNotLive(video_id=video_id)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': traverse_obj(initial_js_state, ('liveInfo', 'title')),
-            'comment_count': traverse_obj(initial_js_state, ('liveInfo', 'comments')),
-            'view_count': traverse_obj(initial_js_state, ('liveInfo', 'visitor')),
-            'timestamp': traverse_obj(initial_js_state, ('liveInfo', 'created')),
-            'uploader': traverse_obj(initial_js_state, ('broadcasterInfo', 'name')),
             'uploader_id': video_id,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('liveInfo', 'title', {str}),
+                'comment_count': ('liveInfo', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('liveInfo', 'visitor', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('liveInfo', 'created', {int_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('broadcasterInfo', 'name', {str}),
+            }),
             'formats': [{
                 'format_id': 'hls',
-                'url': (traverse_obj(initial_js_state, ('liveInfo', 'hls'))
-                        or f'https://d1hd0ww6piyb43.cloudfront.net/hls/torte_{video_id}.m3u8'),
+                'url': data['liveInfo']['hls'],
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'protocol': 'm3u8',
             }],
             'is_live': True,
+            '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(video_id),
         }
 
+    def _get_comments(self, video_id):
+        yield from traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'https://mixch.tv/api-web/lives/{video_id}/messages', video_id,
+            note='Downloading comments', errnote='Failed to download comments'), (..., {
+                'author': ('name', {str}),
+                'author_id': ('user_id', {str_or_none}),
+                'id': ('message_id', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'text': ('body', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('created', {int}),
+            }))
+
 
 class MixchArchiveIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'mixch:archive'
@@ -60,22 +81,38 @@ class MixchArchiveIE(InfoExtractor):
         'skip': 'paid video, no DRM. expires at Jan 23',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '421',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '96NEKO SHOW TIME',
         }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://mixch.tv/archive/1213',
+        'skip': 'paid video, no DRM. expires at Dec 31, 2023',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1213',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '【特別トーク番組アーカイブス】Merm4id×燐舞曲 2nd LIVE「VERSUS」',
+            'release_date': '20231201',
+            'thumbnail': str,
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://mixch.tv/archive/1214',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
-        html5_videos = self._parse_html5_media_entries(
-            url, webpage.replace('video-js', 'video'), video_id, 'hls')
-        if not html5_videos:
-            self.raise_login_required(method='cookies')
-        infodict = html5_videos[0]
-        infodict.update({
+        try:
+            info_json = self._download_json(
+                f'https://mixch.tv/api-web/archive/{video_id}', video_id)['archive']
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                self.raise_login_required()
+            raise
+
+        return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._html_search_regex(r'class="archive-title">(.+?)</', webpage, 'title')
-        })
-
-        return infodict
+            'title': traverse_obj(info_json, ('title', {str})),
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(info_json['archiveURL'], video_id),
+            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(info_json, ('thumbnailURL', {url_or_none})),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/motherless.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/motherless.py
index 160150a7b..b6c18fe5b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/motherless.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/motherless.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 import re
 import urllib.parse
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class MotherlessIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'd': 'days',
                 }
                 kwargs = {_AGO_UNITS.get(uploaded_ago[-1]): delta}
-                upload_date = (datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) - datetime.timedelta(**kwargs)).strftime('%Y%m%d')
+                upload_date = (dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc) - dt.timedelta(**kwargs)).strftime('%Y%m%d')
 
         comment_count = len(re.findall(r'''class\s*=\s*['"]media-comment-contents\b''', webpage))
         uploader_id = self._html_search_regex(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/naver.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/naver.py
index 806b79082..885557e91 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/naver.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/naver.py
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import hmac
 import itertools
 import json
 import re
+import urllib.parse
 import time
-from urllib.parse import parse_qs, urlparse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ class NaverNowIE(NaverBaseIE):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         show_id = self._match_id(url)
-        qs = parse_qs(urlparse(url).query)
+        qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs(urllib.parse.urlparse(url).query)
 
         if not self._yes_playlist(show_id, qs.get('shareHightlight')):
             return self._extract_highlight(show_id, qs['shareHightlight'][0])
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
index d332b840c..b54c12e1e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+import hashlib
 import itertools
 import json
+import random
 import re
 import time
-from hashlib import md5
-from random import randint
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..aes import aes_ecb_encrypt, pkcs7_padding
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class NetEaseMusicBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         request_text = json.dumps({**query_body, 'header': cookies}, separators=(',', ':'))
 
         message = f'nobody{api_path}use{request_text}md5forencrypt'.encode('latin1')
-        msg_digest = md5(message).hexdigest()
+        msg_digest = hashlib.md5(message).hexdigest()
 
         data = pkcs7_padding(list(str.encode(
             f'{api_path}-36cd479b6b5-{request_text}-36cd479b6b5-{msg_digest}')))
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class NetEaseMusicBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             '__csrf': '',
             'os': 'pc',
             'channel': 'undefined',
-            'requestId': f'{int(time.time() * 1000)}_{randint(0, 1000):04}',
+            'requestId': f'{int(time.time() * 1000)}_{random.randint(0, 1000):04}',
             **traverse_obj(self._get_cookies(self._API_BASE), {
                 'MUSIC_U': ('MUSIC_U', {lambda i: i.value}),
             })
@@ -561,7 +561,8 @@ class NetEaseMusicProgramIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             'timestamp': ('createTime', {self.kilo_or_none}),
         })
 
-        if not self._yes_playlist(info['songs'] and program_id, info['mainSong']['id']):
+        if not self._yes_playlist(
+                info['songs'] and program_id, info['mainSong']['id'], playlist_label='program', video_label='song'):
             formats = self.extract_formats(info['mainSong'])
 
             return {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nfb.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nfb.py
index 6f7872825..968c9728b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nfb.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nfb.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     merge_dicts,
     parse_count,
     url_or_none,
-    urljoin,
 )
 from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
@@ -16,8 +15,7 @@ class NFBBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _extract_ep_data(self, webpage, video_id, fatal=False):
         return self._search_json(
-            r'const\s+episodesData\s*=', webpage, 'episode data', video_id,
-            contains_pattern=r'\[\s*{(?s:.+)}\s*\]', fatal=fatal) or []
+            r'episodesData\s*:', webpage, 'episode data', video_id, fatal=fatal) or {}
 
     def _extract_ep_info(self, data, video_id, slug=None):
         info = traverse_obj(data, (lambda _, v: video_id in v['embed_url'], {
@@ -224,18 +222,14 @@ class NFBIE(NFBBaseIE):
         # type_ can change from film to serie(s) after redirect; new slug may have episode number
         type_, slug = self._match_valid_url(urlh.url).group('type', 'id')
 
-        embed_url = urljoin(f'https://www.{site}.ca', self._html_search_regex(
-            r'<[^>]+\bid=["\']player-iframe["\'][^>]*\bsrc=["\']([^"\']+)', webpage, 'embed url'))
-        video_id = self._match_id(embed_url)  # embed url has unique slug
-        player = self._download_webpage(embed_url, video_id, 'Downloading player page')
-        if 'MESSAGE_GEOBLOCKED' in player:
-            self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES)
+        player_data = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.PLAYER_OPTIONS\[[^\]]+\]\s*=', webpage, 'player data', slug)
+        video_id = self._match_id(player_data['overlay']['url'])  # overlay url always has unique slug
 
         formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-            self._html_search_regex(r'source:\s*\'([^\']+)', player, 'm3u8 url'),
-            video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+            player_data['source'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
 
-        if dv_source := self._html_search_regex(r'dvSource:\s*\'([^\']+)', player, 'dv', default=None):
+        if dv_source := url_or_none(player_data.get('dvSource')):
             fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
                 dv_source, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='dv', preference=-2, fatal=False)
             for fmt in fmts:
@@ -246,17 +240,16 @@ class NFBIE(NFBBaseIE):
         info = {
             'id': video_id,
             'title': self._html_search_regex(
-                r'<[^>]+\bid=["\']titleHeader["\'][^>]*>\s*<h1[^>]*>\s*([^<]+?)\s*</h1>',
+                r'["\']nfb_version_title["\']\s*:\s*["\']([^"\']+)',
                 webpage, 'title', default=None),
             'description': self._html_search_regex(
                 r'<[^>]+\bid=["\']tabSynopsis["\'][^>]*>\s*<p[^>]*>\s*([^<]+)',
                 webpage, 'description', default=None),
-            'thumbnail': self._html_search_regex(
-                r'poster:\s*\'([^\']+)', player, 'thumbnail', default=None),
+            'thumbnail': url_or_none(player_data.get('poster')),
             'uploader': self._html_search_regex(
-                r'<[^>]+\bitemprop=["\']name["\'][^>]*>([^<]+)', webpage, 'uploader', default=None),
+                r'<[^>]+\bitemprop=["\']director["\'][^>]*>([^<]+)', webpage, 'uploader', default=None),
             'release_year': int_or_none(self._html_search_regex(
-                r'<[^>]+\bitemprop=["\']datePublished["\'][^>]*>([^<]+)',
+                r'["\']nfb_version_year["\']\s*:\s*["\']([^"\']+)',
                 webpage, 'release_year', default=None)),
         } if type_ == 'film' else self._extract_ep_info(self._extract_ep_data(webpage, video_id, slug), video_id)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nhk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nhk.py
index 7cf5b246b..8bb017a73 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nhk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nhk.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
     parse_duration,
+    remove_end,
     traverse_obj,
     try_call,
     unescapeHTML,
@@ -19,8 +20,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 class NhkBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _API_URL_TEMPLATE = 'https://nwapi.nhk.jp/nhkworld/%sod%slist/v7b/%s/%s/%s/all%s.json'
-    _BASE_URL_REGEX = r'https?://www3\.nhk\.or\.jp/nhkworld/(?P<lang>[a-z]{2})/ondemand'
-    _TYPE_REGEX = r'/(?P<type>video|audio)/'
+    _BASE_URL_REGEX = r'https?://www3\.nhk\.or\.jp/nhkworld/(?P<lang>[a-z]{2})/'
 
     def _call_api(self, m_id, lang, is_video, is_episode, is_clip):
         return self._download_json(
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class NhkBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _extract_episode_info(self, url, episode=None):
         fetch_episode = episode is None
         lang, m_type, episode_id = NhkVodIE._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'type', 'id')
-        is_video = m_type == 'video'
+        is_video = m_type != 'audio'
 
         if is_video:
             episode_id = episode_id[:4] + '-' + episode_id[4:]
@@ -138,9 +138,10 @@ class NhkBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         else:
             if fetch_episode:
-                audio_path = episode['audio']['audio']
+                # From https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/common/player/radio/inline/rod.html
+                audio_path = remove_end(episode['audio']['audio'], '.m4a')
                 info['formats'] = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    'https://nhkworld-vh.akamaihd.net/i%s/master.m3u8' % audio_path,
+                    f'{urljoin("https://vod-stream.nhk.jp", audio_path)}/index.m3u8',
                     episode_id, 'm4a', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
                     m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
                 for f in info['formats']:
@@ -155,9 +156,11 @@ class NhkBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class NhkVodIE(NhkBaseIE):
-    # the 7-character IDs can have alphabetic chars too: assume [a-z] rather than just [a-f], eg
-    _VALID_URL = [rf'{NhkBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX}/(?P<type>video)/(?P<id>[0-9a-z]+)',
-                  rf'{NhkBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX}/(?P<type>audio)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+?-\d{{8}}-[0-9a-z]+)']
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        rf'{NhkBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX}shows/(?:(?P<type>video)/)?(?P<id>\d{{4}}[\da-z]\d+)/?(?:$|[?#])',
+        rf'{NhkBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX}(?:ondemand|shows)/(?P<type>audio)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+?-\d{{8}}-[\da-z]+)',
+        rf'{NhkBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX}ondemand/(?P<type>video)/(?P<id>\d{{4}}[\da-z]\d+)',  # deprecated
+    ]
     # Content available only for a limited period of time. Visit
     # https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/ for working samples.
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -167,17 +170,16 @@ class NhkVodIE(NhkBaseIE):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Japan Railway Journal - The Tohoku Shinkansen: Full Speed Ahead',
             'description': 'md5:49f7c5b206e03868a2fdf0d0814b92f6',
-            'thumbnail': 'md5:51bcef4a21936e7fea1ff4e06353f463',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
             'episode': 'The Tohoku Shinkansen: Full Speed Ahead',
             'series': 'Japan Railway Journal',
-            'modified_timestamp': 1694243656,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1707217907,
             'timestamp': 1681428600,
             'release_timestamp': 1693883728,
             'duration': 1679,
             'upload_date': '20230413',
-            'modified_date': '20230909',
+            'modified_date': '20240206',
             'release_date': '20230905',
-
         },
     }, {
         # video clip
@@ -188,15 +190,15 @@ class NhkVodIE(NhkBaseIE):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Dining with the Chef - Chef Saito\'s Family recipe: MENCHI-KATSU',
             'description': 'md5:5aee4a9f9d81c26281862382103b0ea5',
-            'thumbnail': 'md5:d6a4d9b6e9be90aaadda0bcce89631ed',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
             'series': 'Dining with the Chef',
             'episode': 'Chef Saito\'s Family recipe: MENCHI-KATSU',
             'duration': 148,
             'upload_date': '20190816',
             'release_date': '20230902',
             'release_timestamp': 1693619292,
-            'modified_timestamp': 1694168033,
-            'modified_date': '20230908',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1707217907,
+            'modified_date': '20240206',
             'timestamp': 1565997540,
         },
     }, {
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@ class NhkVodIE(NhkBaseIE):
             'title': 'Living in Japan - Tips for Travelers to Japan / Ramen Vending Machines',
             'series': 'Living in Japan',
             'description': 'md5:0a0e2077d8f07a03071e990a6f51bfab',
-            'thumbnail': 'md5:960622fb6e06054a4a1a0c97ea752545',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
             'episode': 'Tips for Travelers to Japan / Ramen Vending Machines'
         },
     }, {
@@ -245,7 +247,7 @@ class NhkVodIE(NhkBaseIE):
             'title': 'おはよう日本（7時台） - 10月8日放送',
             'series': 'おはよう日本（7時台）',
             'episode': '10月8日放送',
-            'thumbnail': 'md5:d733b1c8e965ab68fb02b2d347d0e9b4',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
             'description': 'md5:9c1d6cbeadb827b955b20e99ab920ff0',
         },
         'skip': 'expires 2023-10-15',
@@ -255,17 +257,100 @@ class NhkVodIE(NhkBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'nw_vod_v_en_3004_952_20230723091000_01_1690074552',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Barakan Discovers AMAMI OSHIMA: Isson\'s Treasure Island',
+            'title': 'Barakan Discovers - AMAMI OSHIMA: Isson\'s Treasure Isla',
             'description': 'md5:5db620c46a0698451cc59add8816b797',
-            'thumbnail': 'md5:67d9ff28009ba379bfa85ad1aaa0e2bd',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
             'release_date': '20230905',
             'timestamp': 1690103400,
             'duration': 2939,
             'release_timestamp': 1693898699,
-            'modified_timestamp': 1698057495,
-            'modified_date': '20231023',
             'upload_date': '20230723',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1707217907,
+            'modified_date': '20240206',
+            'episode': 'AMAMI OSHIMA: Isson\'s Treasure Isla',
+            'series': 'Barakan Discovers',
         },
+    }, {
+        # /ondemand/video/ url with alphabetical character in 5th position of id
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9999a07/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'nw_c_en_9999-a07',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'episode': 'Mini-Dramas on SDGs: Ep 1 Close the Gender Gap [Director\'s Cut]',
+            'series': 'Mini-Dramas on SDGs',
+            'modified_date': '20240206',
+            'title': 'Mini-Dramas on SDGs - Mini-Dramas on SDGs: Ep 1 Close the Gender Gap [Director\'s Cut]',
+            'description': 'md5:3f9dcb4db22fceb675d90448a040d3f6',
+            'timestamp': 1621962360,
+            'duration': 189,
+            'release_date': '20230903',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1707217907,
+            'upload_date': '20210525',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'release_timestamp': 1693713487,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9999d17/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'nw_c_en_9999-d17',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Flowers of snow blossom - The 72 Pentads of Yamato',
+            'description': 'Today’s focus: Snow',
+            'release_timestamp': 1693792402,
+            'release_date': '20230904',
+            'upload_date': '20220128',
+            'timestamp': 1643370960,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'duration': 136,
+            'series': '',
+            'modified_date': '20240206',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1707217907,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # new /shows/ url format
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/shows/2032307/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'nw_vod_v_en_2032_307_20240321113000_01_1710990282',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Japanology Plus - 20th Anniversary Special Part 1',
+            'description': 'md5:817d41fc8e54339ad2a916161ea24faf',
+            'episode': '20th Anniversary Special Part 1',
+            'series': 'Japanology Plus',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'duration': 1680,
+            'timestamp': 1711020600,
+            'upload_date': '20240321',
+            'release_timestamp': 1711022683,
+            'release_date': '20240321',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1711031012,
+            'modified_date': '20240321',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/shows/3020025/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'nw_vod_v_en_3020_025_20230325144000_01_1679723944',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '100 Ideas to Save the World - Working Styles Evolve',
+            'description': 'md5:9e6c7778eaaf4f7b4af83569649f84d9',
+            'episode': 'Working Styles Evolve',
+            'series': '100 Ideas to Save the World',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'duration': 899,
+            'upload_date': '20230325',
+            'timestamp': 1679755200,
+            'release_date': '20230905',
+            'release_timestamp': 1693880540,
+            'modified_date': '20240206',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1707217907,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # new /shows/audio/ url format
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/shows/audio/livinginjapan-20231001-1/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # valid url even if can't be found in wild; support needed for clip entries extraction
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/shows/9999o80/',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -273,18 +358,21 @@ class NhkVodIE(NhkBaseIE):
 
 
 class NhkVodProgramIE(NhkBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = rf'{NhkBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX}/program{NhkBaseIE._TYPE_REGEX}(?P<id>\w+)(?:.+?\btype=(?P<episode_type>clip|(?:radio|tv)Episode))?'
+    _VALID_URL = rf'''(?x)
+        {NhkBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX}(?:shows|tv)/
+        (?:(?P<type>audio)/programs/)?(?P<id>\w+)/?
+        (?:\?(?:[^#]+&)?type=(?P<episode_type>clip|(?:radio|tv)Episode))?'''
     _TESTS = [{
         # video program episodes
-        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/program/video/sumo',
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/shows/sumo/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'sumo',
             'title': 'GRAND SUMO Highlights',
             'description': 'md5:fc20d02dc6ce85e4b72e0273aa52fdbf',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 0,
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/program/video/japanrailway',
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/shows/japanrailway/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'japanrailway',
             'title': 'Japan Railway Journal',
@@ -293,40 +381,68 @@ class NhkVodProgramIE(NhkBaseIE):
         'playlist_mincount': 12,
     }, {
         # video program clips
-        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/program/video/japanrailway/?type=clip',
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/shows/japanrailway/?type=clip',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'japanrailway',
             'title': 'Japan Railway Journal',
             'description': 'md5:ea39d93af7d05835baadf10d1aae0e3f',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 5,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/program/video/10yearshayaomiyazaki/',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'playlist_mincount': 12,
     }, {
         # audio program
-        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/program/audio/listener/',
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/shows/audio/programs/livinginjapan/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'livinginjapan',
+            'title': 'Living in Japan',
+            'description': 'md5:665bb36ec2a12c5a7f598ee713fc2b54',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 12,
+    }, {
+        # /tv/ program url
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/designtalksplus/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'designtalksplus',
+            'title': 'DESIGN TALKS plus',
+            'description': 'md5:47b3b3a9f10d4ac7b33b53b70a7d2837',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 20,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/shows/10yearshayaomiyazaki/',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    @classmethod
+    def suitable(cls, url):
+        return False if NhkVodIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
+
+    def _extract_meta_from_class_elements(self, class_values, html):
+        for class_value in class_values:
+            if value := clean_html(get_element_by_class(class_value, html)):
+                return value
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         lang, m_type, program_id, episode_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'type', 'id', 'episode_type')
         episodes = self._call_api(
-            program_id, lang, m_type == 'video', False, episode_type == 'clip')
+            program_id, lang, m_type != 'audio', False, episode_type == 'clip')
 
-        entries = []
-        for episode in episodes:
-            episode_path = episode.get('url')
-            if not episode_path:
-                continue
-            entries.append(self._extract_episode_info(
-                urljoin(url, episode_path), episode))
+        def entries():
+            for episode in episodes:
+                if episode_path := episode.get('url'):
+                    yield self._extract_episode_info(urljoin(url, episode_path), episode)
 
         html = self._download_webpage(url, program_id)
-        program_title = clean_html(get_element_by_class('p-programDetail__title', html))
-        program_description = clean_html(get_element_by_class('p-programDetail__text', html))
+        program_title = self._extract_meta_from_class_elements([
+            'p-programDetail__title',  # /ondemand/program/
+            'pProgramHero__logoText',  # /shows/
+            'tAudioProgramMain__title',  # /shows/audio/programs/
+            'p-program-name'], html)  # /tv/
+        program_description = self._extract_meta_from_class_elements([
+            'p-programDetail__text',  # /ondemand/program/
+            'pProgramHero__description',  # /shows/
+            'tAudioProgramMain__info',  # /shows/audio/programs/
+            'p-program-description'], html)  # /tv/
 
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, program_id, program_title, program_description)
+        return self.playlist_result(entries(), program_id, program_title, program_description)
 
 
 class NhkForSchoolBangumiIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
index 6a4624602..b04ce9615 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 import functools
 import itertools
 import json
 import re
 import time
-
-from urllib.parse import urlparse
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
 from ..networking import Request
@@ -820,12 +819,12 @@ class NicovideoSearchDateIE(NicovideoSearchBaseIE, SearchInfoExtractor):
         'playlist_mincount': 1610,
     }]
 
-    _START_DATE = datetime.date(2007, 1, 1)
+    _START_DATE = dt.date(2007, 1, 1)
     _RESULTS_PER_PAGE = 32
     _MAX_PAGES = 50
 
     def _entries(self, url, item_id, start_date=None, end_date=None):
-        start_date, end_date = start_date or self._START_DATE, end_date or datetime.datetime.now().date()
+        start_date, end_date = start_date or self._START_DATE, end_date or dt.datetime.now().date()
 
         # If the last page has a full page of videos, we need to break down the query interval further
         last_page_len = len(list(self._get_entries_for_date(
@@ -957,7 +956,7 @@ class NiconicoLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
             'frontend_id': traverse_obj(embedded_data, ('site', 'frontendId')) or '9',
         })
 
-        hostname = remove_start(urlparse(urlh.url).hostname, 'sp.')
+        hostname = remove_start(urllib.parse.urlparse(urlh.url).hostname, 'sp.')
         latency = try_get(self._configuration_arg('latency'), lambda x: x[0])
         if latency not in self._KNOWN_LATENCY:
             latency = 'high'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/panopto.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/panopto.py
index ddea32d70..63c5fd68f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/panopto.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/panopto.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import calendar
-import json
+import datetime as dt
 import functools
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
-from random import random
+import json
+import random
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import (
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ class PanoptoIE(PanoptoBaseIE):
         invocation_id = delivery_info.get('InvocationId')
         stream_id = traverse_obj(delivery_info, ('Delivery', 'Streams', ..., 'PublicID'), get_all=False, expected_type=str)
         if invocation_id and stream_id and duration:
-            timestamp_str = f'/Date({calendar.timegm(datetime.now(timezone.utc).timetuple())}000)/'
+            timestamp_str = f'/Date({calendar.timegm(dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc).timetuple())}000)/'
             data = {
                 'streamRequests': [
                     {
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ class PanoptoIE(PanoptoBaseIE):
             'cast': traverse_obj(delivery, ('Contributors', ..., 'DisplayName'), expected_type=lambda x: x or None),
             'timestamp': session_start_time - 11640000000 if session_start_time else None,
             'duration': delivery.get('Duration'),
-            'thumbnail': base_url + f'/Services/FrameGrabber.svc/FrameRedirect?objectId={video_id}&mode=Delivery&random={random()}',
+            'thumbnail': base_url + f'/Services/FrameGrabber.svc/FrameRedirect?objectId={video_id}&mode=Delivery&random={random.random()}',
             'average_rating': delivery.get('AverageRating'),
             'chapters': self._extract_chapters(timestamps),
             'uploader': delivery.get('OwnerDisplayName') or None,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
index d2ddb72cd..6c441ff34 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import itertools
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .vimeo import VimeoIE
-from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_unquote
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     parse_iso8601,
     str_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
-    try_get,
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
 )
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': 're:^https?://.*$',
             'upload_date': '20150211',
             'description': 'md5:8af6425f50bd46fbf29f3db0fc3a8364',
-            'uploader_id': 'TraciJHines',
+            'uploader_id': '@TraciHinesMusic',
             'categories': ['Entertainment'],
             'duration': 282,
             'view_count': int,
@@ -106,8 +105,10 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'availability': 'public',
             'channel_follower_count': int,
             'playable_in_embed': True,
-            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/TraciJHines',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@TraciHinesMusic',
             'comment_count': int,
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'chapters': 'count:4',
         },
         'params': {
             'noplaylist': True,
@@ -176,7 +177,71 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/thenormies',
         },
         'skip': 'Patron-only content',
+    }, {
+        # dead vimeo and embed URLs, need to extract post_file
+        'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/posts/hunter-x-hunter-34007913',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '34007913',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Hunter x Hunter | Kurapika DESTROYS Uvogin!!!',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'YaBoyRoshi',
+            'timestamp': 1581636833,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/yaboyroshi',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*$',
+            'tags': ['Hunter x Hunter'],
+            'uploader_id': '14264111',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'description': 'Kurapika is a walking cheat code!',
+            'upload_date': '20200213',
+            'channel_id': '2147162',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/yaboyroshi',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # NSFW vimeo embed URL
+        'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/posts/4k-spiderman-4k-96414599',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '902250943',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '❤️(4K) Spiderman Girl Yeonhwa’s Gift ❤️(4K) 스파이더맨걸 연화의 선물',
+            'description': '❤️(4K) Spiderman Girl Yeonhwa’s Gift \n❤️(4K) 스파이더맨걸 연화의 선물',
+            'uploader': 'Npickyeonhwa',
+            'uploader_id': '90574422',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/Yeonhwa726',
+            'channel_id': '10237902',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/Yeonhwa726',
+            'duration': 70,
+            'timestamp': 1705150153,
+            'upload_date': '20240113',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        # multiple attachments/embeds
+        'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/posts/holy-wars-solos-100601977',
+        'playlist_count': 3,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '100601977',
+            'title': '"Holy Wars" (Megadeth) Solos Transcription & Lesson/Analysis',
+            'description': 'md5:d099ab976edfce6de2a65c2b169a88d3',
+            'uploader': 'Bradley Hall',
+            'uploader_id': '24401883',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/bradleyhallguitar',
+            'channel_id': '3193932',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/bradleyhallguitar',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1710777855,
+            'upload_date': '20240318',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Patron-only content',
     }]
+    _RETURN_TYPE = 'video'
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
@@ -191,102 +256,108 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
                 'include': 'audio,user,user_defined_tags,campaign,attachments_media',
             })
         attributes = post['data']['attributes']
-        title = attributes['title'].strip()
-        image = attributes.get('image') or {}
-        info = {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': clean_html(attributes.get('content')),
-            'thumbnail': image.get('large_url') or image.get('url'),
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(attributes.get('published_at')),
-            'like_count': int_or_none(attributes.get('like_count')),
-            'comment_count': int_or_none(attributes.get('comment_count')),
-        }
-        can_view_post = traverse_obj(attributes, 'current_user_can_view')
-        if can_view_post and info['comment_count']:
-            info['__post_extractor'] = self.extract_comments(video_id)
+        info = traverse_obj(attributes, {
+            'title': ('title', {str.strip}),
+            'description': ('content', {clean_html}),
+            'thumbnail': ('image', ('large_url', 'url'), {url_or_none}, any),
+            'timestamp': ('published_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'like_count': ('like_count', {int_or_none}),
+            'comment_count': ('comment_count', {int_or_none}),
+        })
 
-        for i in post.get('included', []):
-            i_type = i.get('type')
-            if i_type == 'media':
-                media_attributes = i.get('attributes') or {}
-                download_url = media_attributes.get('download_url')
+        entries = []
+        idx = 0
+        for include in traverse_obj(post, ('included', lambda _, v: v['type'])):
+            include_type = include['type']
+            if include_type == 'media':
+                media_attributes = traverse_obj(include, ('attributes', {dict})) or {}
+                download_url = url_or_none(media_attributes.get('download_url'))
                 ext = mimetype2ext(media_attributes.get('mimetype'))
 
                 # if size_bytes is None, this media file is likely unavailable
                 # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4608
                 size_bytes = int_or_none(media_attributes.get('size_bytes'))
                 if download_url and ext in KNOWN_EXTENSIONS and size_bytes is not None:
-                    # XXX: what happens if there are multiple attachments?
-                    return {
-                        **info,
+                    idx += 1
+                    entries.append({
+                        'id': f'{video_id}-{idx}',
                         'ext': ext,
                         'filesize': size_bytes,
                         'url': download_url,
-                    }
-            elif i_type == 'user':
-                user_attributes = i.get('attributes')
-                if user_attributes:
-                    info.update({
-                        'uploader': user_attributes.get('full_name'),
-                        'uploader_id': str_or_none(i.get('id')),
-                        'uploader_url': user_attributes.get('url'),
                     })
 
-            elif i_type == 'post_tag':
-                info.setdefault('tags', []).append(traverse_obj(i, ('attributes', 'value')))
+            elif include_type == 'user':
+                info.update(traverse_obj(include, {
+                    'uploader': ('attributes', 'full_name', {str}),
+                    'uploader_id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                    'uploader_url': ('attributes', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                }))
 
-            elif i_type == 'campaign':
-                info.update({
-                    'channel': traverse_obj(i, ('attributes', 'title')),
-                    'channel_id': str_or_none(i.get('id')),
-                    'channel_url': traverse_obj(i, ('attributes', 'url')),
-                    'channel_follower_count': int_or_none(traverse_obj(i, ('attributes', 'patron_count'))),
-                })
+            elif include_type == 'post_tag':
+                if post_tag := traverse_obj(include, ('attributes', 'value', {str})):
+                    info.setdefault('tags', []).append(post_tag)
+
+            elif include_type == 'campaign':
+                info.update(traverse_obj(include, {
+                    'channel': ('attributes', 'title', {str}),
+                    'channel_id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                    'channel_url': ('attributes', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                    'channel_follower_count': ('attributes', 'patron_count', {int_or_none}),
+                }))
 
         # handle Vimeo embeds
-        if try_get(attributes, lambda x: x['embed']['provider']) == 'Vimeo':
-            embed_html = try_get(attributes, lambda x: x['embed']['html'])
-            v_url = url_or_none(compat_urllib_parse_unquote(
-                self._search_regex(r'(https(?:%3A%2F%2F|://)player\.vimeo\.com.+app_id(?:=|%3D)+\d+)', embed_html, 'vimeo url', fatal=False)))
-            if v_url:
-                return {
-                    **info,
-                    '_type': 'url_transparent',
-                    'url': VimeoIE._smuggle_referrer(v_url, 'https://patreon.com'),
-                    'ie_key': 'Vimeo',
-                }
+        if traverse_obj(attributes, ('embed', 'provider')) == 'Vimeo':
+            v_url = urllib.parse.unquote(self._html_search_regex(
+                r'(https(?:%3A%2F%2F|://)player\.vimeo\.com.+app_id(?:=|%3D)+\d+)',
+                traverse_obj(attributes, ('embed', 'html', {str})), 'vimeo url', fatal=False) or '')
+            if url_or_none(v_url) and self._request_webpage(
+                    v_url, video_id, 'Checking Vimeo embed URL',
+                    headers={'Referer': 'https://patreon.com/'},
+                    fatal=False, errnote=False):
+                entries.append(self.url_result(
+                    VimeoIE._smuggle_referrer(v_url, 'https://patreon.com/'),
+                    VimeoIE, url_transparent=True))
 
-        embed_url = try_get(attributes, lambda x: x['embed']['url'])
-        if embed_url:
-            return {
-                **info,
-                '_type': 'url',
-                'url': embed_url,
-            }
+        embed_url = traverse_obj(attributes, ('embed', 'url', {url_or_none}))
+        if embed_url and self._request_webpage(embed_url, video_id, 'Checking embed URL', fatal=False, errnote=False):
+            entries.append(self.url_result(embed_url))
 
-        post_file = traverse_obj(attributes, 'post_file')
+        post_file = traverse_obj(attributes, ('post_file', {dict}))
         if post_file:
             name = post_file.get('name')
             ext = determine_ext(name)
             if ext in KNOWN_EXTENSIONS:
-                return {
-                    **info,
+                entries.append({
+                    'id': video_id,
                     'ext': ext,
                     'url': post_file['url'],
-                }
+                })
             elif name == 'video' or determine_ext(post_file.get('url')) == 'm3u8':
                 formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(post_file['url'], video_id)
-                return {
-                    **info,
+                entries.append({
+                    'id': video_id,
                     'formats': formats,
                     'subtitles': subtitles,
-                }
+                })
 
-        if can_view_post is False:
+        can_view_post = traverse_obj(attributes, 'current_user_can_view')
+        comments = None
+        if can_view_post and info.get('comment_count'):
+            comments = self.extract_comments(video_id)
+
+        if not entries and can_view_post is False:
             self.raise_no_formats('You do not have access to this post', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
-        else:
+        elif not entries:
             self.raise_no_formats('No supported media found in this post', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
+        elif len(entries) == 1:
+            info.update(entries[0])
+        else:
+            for entry in entries:
+                entry.update(info)
+            return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, **info, __post_extractor=comments)
+
+        info['id'] = video_id
+        info['__post_extractor'] = comments
         return info
 
     def _get_comments(self, post_id):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/polsatgo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/polsatgo.py
index 1524a1fb9..1cebb365e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/polsatgo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/polsatgo.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-from uuid import uuid4
 import json
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class PolsatGoIE(InfoExtractor):
         }
 
     def _call_api(self, endpoint, media_id, method, params):
-        rand_uuid = str(uuid4())
+        rand_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
         res = self._download_json(
             f'https://b2c-mobile.redefine.pl/rpc/{endpoint}/', media_id,
             note=f'Downloading {method} JSON metadata',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
index 66f8a5f44..3e0ccba17 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+import datetime as dt
 import json
-from urllib.parse import unquote
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import functools
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ class Pr0grammIE(InfoExtractor):
             cookies = self._get_cookies(self.BASE_URL)
             if 'me' not in cookies:
                 self._download_webpage(self.BASE_URL, None, 'Refreshing verification information')
-            if traverse_obj(cookies, ('me', {lambda x: x.value}, {unquote}, {json.loads}, 'verified')):
+            if traverse_obj(cookies, ('me', {lambda x: x.value}, {urllib.parse.unquote}, {json.loads}, 'verified')):
                 flags |= 0b00110
 
         return flags
@@ -196,6 +197,7 @@ class Pr0grammIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': ('up', {int}),
                 'dislike_count': ('down', {int}),
                 'timestamp': ('created', {int}),
+                'upload_date': ('created', {int}, {dt.date.fromtimestamp}, {lambda x: x.strftime('%Y%m%d')}),
                 'thumbnail': ('thumb', {lambda x: urljoin('https://thumb.pr0gramm.com', x)})
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/prosiebensat1.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/prosiebensat1.py
index 46e2e8a8f..4c33baec5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/prosiebensat1.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/prosiebensat1.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+import hashlib
 import re
 
-from hashlib import sha1
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_str
 from ..utils import (
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class ProSiebenSat1BaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'Downloading protocols JSON',
                 headers=self.geo_verification_headers(), query={
                     'access_id': self._ACCESS_ID,
-                    'client_token': sha1((raw_ct).encode()).hexdigest(),
+                    'client_token': hashlib.sha1((raw_ct).encode()).hexdigest(),
                     'video_id': clip_id,
                 }, fatal=False, expected_status=(403,)) or {}
             error = protocols.get('error') or {}
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class ProSiebenSat1BaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 urls = (self._download_json(
                     self._V4_BASE_URL + 'urls', clip_id, 'Downloading urls JSON', query={
                         'access_id': self._ACCESS_ID,
-                        'client_token': sha1((raw_ct + server_token + self._SUPPORTED_PROTOCOLS).encode()).hexdigest(),
+                        'client_token': hashlib.sha1((raw_ct + server_token + self._SUPPORTED_PROTOCOLS).encode()).hexdigest(),
                         'protocols': self._SUPPORTED_PROTOCOLS,
                         'server_token': server_token,
                         'video_id': clip_id,
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class ProSiebenSat1BaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         if not formats:
             source_ids = [compat_str(source['id']) for source in video['sources']]
 
-            client_id = self._SALT[:2] + sha1(''.join([clip_id, self._SALT, self._TOKEN, client_location, self._SALT, self._CLIENT_NAME]).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
+            client_id = self._SALT[:2] + hashlib.sha1(''.join([clip_id, self._SALT, self._TOKEN, client_location, self._SALT, self._CLIENT_NAME]).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
 
             sources = self._download_json(
                 'http://vas.sim-technik.de/vas/live/v2/videos/%s/sources' % clip_id,
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class ProSiebenSat1BaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 return (bitrate // 1000) if bitrate % 1000 == 0 else bitrate
 
             for source_id in source_ids:
-                client_id = self._SALT[:2] + sha1(''.join([self._SALT, clip_id, self._TOKEN, server_id, client_location, source_id, self._SALT, self._CLIENT_NAME]).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
+                client_id = self._SALT[:2] + hashlib.sha1(''.join([self._SALT, clip_id, self._TOKEN, server_id, client_location, source_id, self._SALT, self._CLIENT_NAME]).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
                 urls = self._download_json(
                     'http://vas.sim-technik.de/vas/live/v2/videos/%s/sources/url' % clip_id,
                     clip_id, 'Downloading urls JSON', fatal=False, query={
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiokapital.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiokapital.py
index 8f9737ac3..5d7d3ddeb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiokapital.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiokapital.py
@@ -1,18 +1,14 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    clean_html,
-    traverse_obj,
-    unescapeHTML,
-)
-
 import itertools
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
+import urllib.parse
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import clean_html, traverse_obj, unescapeHTML
 
 
 class RadioKapitalBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _call_api(self, resource, video_id, note='Downloading JSON metadata', qs={}):
         return self._download_json(
-            f'https://www.radiokapital.pl/wp-json/kapital/v1/{resource}?{urlencode(qs)}',
+            f'https://www.radiokapital.pl/wp-json/kapital/v1/{resource}?{urllib.parse.urlencode(qs)}',
             video_id, note=note)
 
     def _parse_episode(self, data):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rokfin.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rokfin.py
index 5099f3ae4..3bc5f3cab 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rokfin.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rokfin.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+import datetime as dt
 import itertools
 import json
 import re
 import urllib.parse
-from datetime import datetime
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class RokfinIE(InfoExtractor):
                 self.raise_login_required('This video is only available to premium users', True, method='cookies')
             elif scheduled:
                 self.raise_no_formats(
-                    f'Stream is offline; scheduled for {datetime.fromtimestamp(scheduled).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")}',
+                    f'Stream is offline; scheduled for {dt.datetime.fromtimestamp(scheduled).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")}',
                     video_id=video_id, expected=True)
 
         uploader = traverse_obj(metadata, ('createdBy', 'username'), ('creator', 'username'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sejmpl.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sejmpl.py
index 29cb0152a..eb433d2ac 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sejmpl.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sejmpl.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .redge import RedCDNLivxIE
@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@ from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 def is_dst(date):
-    last_march = datetime.datetime(date.year, 3, 31)
-    last_october = datetime.datetime(date.year, 10, 31)
-    last_sunday_march = last_march - datetime.timedelta(days=last_march.isoweekday() % 7)
-    last_sunday_october = last_october - datetime.timedelta(days=last_october.isoweekday() % 7)
+    last_march = dt.datetime(date.year, 3, 31)
+    last_october = dt.datetime(date.year, 10, 31)
+    last_sunday_march = last_march - dt.timedelta(days=last_march.isoweekday() % 7)
+    last_sunday_october = last_october - dt.timedelta(days=last_october.isoweekday() % 7)
     return last_sunday_march.replace(hour=2) <= date <= last_sunday_october.replace(hour=3)
 
 
 def rfc3339_to_atende(date):
-    date = datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(date)
-    date = date + datetime.timedelta(hours=1 if is_dst(date) else 0)
+    date = dt.datetime.fromisoformat(date)
+    date = date + dt.timedelta(hours=1 if is_dst(date) else 0)
     return int((date.timestamp() - 978307200) * 1000)
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
index a6da44525..7c914acbe 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 import itertools
 import json
 import math
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class SonyLIVIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'mobileNumber': username,
                 'channelPartnerID': 'MSMIND',
                 'country': 'IN',
-                'timestamp': datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%MZ'),
+                'timestamp': dt.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%MZ'),
                 'otpSize': 6,
                 'loginType': 'REGISTERORSIGNIN',
                 'isMobileMandatory': True,
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class SonyLIVIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'otp': self._get_tfa_info('OTP'),
                 'dmaId': 'IN',
                 'ageConfirmation': True,
-                'timestamp': datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%MZ'),
+                'timestamp': dt.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%MZ'),
                 'isMobileMandatory': True,
             }).encode())
         if otp_verify_json['resultCode'] == 'KO':
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
index a7c2afd49..c9ca41a5c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
@@ -1,30 +1,27 @@
 import itertools
-import re
 import json
-# import random
+import re
 
-from .common import (
-    InfoExtractor,
-    SearchInfoExtractor
-)
+from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_str
-from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
-    error_to_compat_str,
+    KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
     ExtractorError,
+    error_to_compat_str,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
-    KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
     mimetype2ext,
     parse_qs,
     str_or_none,
-    try_get,
+    try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
     update_url_query,
     url_or_none,
     urlhandle_detect_ext,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class SoundcloudEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -54,7 +51,6 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _API_AUTH_QUERY_TEMPLATE = '?client_id=%s'
     _API_AUTH_URL_PW = 'https://api-auth.soundcloud.com/web-auth/sign-in/password%s'
     _API_VERIFY_AUTH_TOKEN = 'https://api-auth.soundcloud.com/connect/session%s'
-    _access_token = None
     _HEADERS = {}
 
     _IMAGE_REPL_RE = r'-([0-9a-z]+)\.jpg'
@@ -112,21 +108,31 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _initialize_pre_login(self):
         self._CLIENT_ID = self.cache.load('soundcloud', 'client_id') or 'a3e059563d7fd3372b49b37f00a00bcf'
 
-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        if username != 'oauth':
-            self.report_warning(
-                'Login using username and password is not currently supported. '
-                'Use "--username oauth --password <oauth_token>" to login using an oauth token')
-        self._access_token = password
-        query = self._API_AUTH_QUERY_TEMPLATE % self._CLIENT_ID
-        payload = {'session': {'access_token': self._access_token}}
-        token_verification = Request(self._API_VERIFY_AUTH_TOKEN % query, json.dumps(payload).encode('utf-8'))
-        response = self._download_json(token_verification, None, note='Verifying login token...', fatal=False)
-        if response is not False:
-            self._HEADERS = {'Authorization': 'OAuth ' + self._access_token}
+    def _verify_oauth_token(self, token):
+        if self._request_webpage(
+                self._API_VERIFY_AUTH_TOKEN % (self._API_AUTH_QUERY_TEMPLATE % self._CLIENT_ID),
+                None, note='Verifying login token...', fatal=False,
+                data=json.dumps({'session': {'access_token': token}}).encode()):
+            self._HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'OAuth {token}'
             self.report_login()
         else:
-            self.report_warning('Provided authorization token seems to be invalid. Continue as guest')
+            self.report_warning('Provided authorization token is invalid. Continuing as guest')
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        if self._HEADERS:
+            return
+        if token := try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies(self._BASE_URL)['oauth_token'].value):
+            self._verify_oauth_token(token)
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        if username != 'oauth':
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Login using username and password is not currently supported. '
+                'Use "--username oauth --password <oauth_token>" to login using an oauth token, '
+                f'or else {self._login_hint(method="cookies")}', expected=True)
+        if self._HEADERS:
+            return
+        self._verify_oauth_token(password)
 
         r'''
         def genDevId():
@@ -147,14 +153,17 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'user_agent': self._USER_AGENT
         }
 
-        query = self._API_AUTH_QUERY_TEMPLATE % self._CLIENT_ID
-        login = sanitized_Request(self._API_AUTH_URL_PW % query, json.dumps(payload).encode('utf-8'))
-        response = self._download_json(login, None)
-        self._access_token = response.get('session').get('access_token')
-        if not self._access_token:
-            self.report_warning('Unable to get access token, login may has failed')
-        else:
-            self._HEADERS = {'Authorization': 'OAuth ' + self._access_token}
+        response = self._download_json(
+            self._API_AUTH_URL_PW % (self._API_AUTH_QUERY_TEMPLATE % self._CLIENT_ID),
+            None, note='Verifying login token...', fatal=False,
+            data=json.dumps(payload).encode())
+
+        if token := traverse_obj(response, ('session', 'access_token', {str})):
+            self._HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'OAuth {token}'
+            self.report_login()
+            return
+
+        raise ExtractorError('Unable to get access token, login may have failed', expected=True)
         '''
 
     # signature generation
@@ -217,6 +226,7 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                         'filesize': int_or_none(urlh.headers.get('Content-Length')),
                         'url': format_url,
                         'quality': 10,
+                        'format_note': 'Original',
                     })
 
         def invalid_url(url):
@@ -233,9 +243,13 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 format_id_list.append(protocol)
             ext = f.get('ext')
             if ext == 'aac':
-                f['abr'] = '256'
+                f.update({
+                    'abr': 256,
+                    'quality': 5,
+                    'format_note': 'Premium',
+                })
             for k in ('ext', 'abr'):
-                v = f.get(k)
+                v = str_or_none(f.get(k))
                 if v:
                     format_id_list.append(v)
             preview = is_preview or re.search(r'/(?:preview|playlist)/0/30/', f['url'])
@@ -256,16 +270,25 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             formats.append(f)
 
         # New API
-        transcodings = try_get(
-            info, lambda x: x['media']['transcodings'], list) or []
-        for t in transcodings:
-            if not isinstance(t, dict):
-                continue
-            format_url = url_or_none(t.get('url'))
-            if not format_url:
-                continue
-            stream = None if extract_flat else self._download_json(
-                format_url, track_id, query=query, fatal=False, headers=self._HEADERS)
+        for t in traverse_obj(info, ('media', 'transcodings', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+            if extract_flat:
+                break
+            format_url = t['url']
+            stream = None
+
+            for retry in self.RetryManager(fatal=False):
+                try:
+                    stream = self._download_json(format_url, track_id, query=query, headers=self._HEADERS)
+                except ExtractorError as e:
+                    if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 429:
+                        self.report_warning(
+                            'You have reached the API rate limit, which is ~600 requests per '
+                            '10 minutes. Use the --extractor-retries and --retry-sleep options '
+                            'to configure an appropriate retry count and wait time', only_once=True)
+                        retry.error = e.cause
+                    else:
+                        self.report_warning(e.msg)
+
             if not isinstance(stream, dict):
                 continue
             stream_url = url_or_none(stream.get('url'))
@@ -338,7 +361,7 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'like_count': extract_count('favoritings') or extract_count('likes'),
             'comment_count': extract_count('comment'),
             'repost_count': extract_count('reposts'),
-            'genre': info.get('genre'),
+            'genres': traverse_obj(info, ('genre', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}, all)),
             'formats': formats if not extract_flat else None
         }
 
@@ -372,10 +395,10 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'http://soundcloud.com/ethmusic/lostin-powers-she-so-heavy',
-            'md5': 'ebef0a451b909710ed1d7787dddbf0d7',
+            'md5': 'de9bac153e7427a7333b4b0c1b6a18d2',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '62986583',
-                'ext': 'mp3',
+                'ext': 'opus',
                 'title': 'Lostin Powers - She so Heavy (SneakPreview) Adrian Ackers Blueprint 1',
                 'description': 'No Downloads untill we record the finished version this weekend, i was too pumped n i had to post it , earl is prolly gonna b hella p.o\'d',
                 'uploader': 'E.T. ExTerrestrial Music',
@@ -388,6 +411,9 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'repost_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-000031955188-rwb18x-original.jpg',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/ethmusic',
+                'genres': [],
             }
         },
         # geo-restricted
@@ -395,7 +421,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
             'url': 'https://soundcloud.com/the-concept-band/goldrushed-mastered?in=the-concept-band/sets/the-royal-concept-ep',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '47127627',
-                'ext': 'mp3',
+                'ext': 'opus',
                 'title': 'Goldrushed',
                 'description': 'From Stockholm Sweden\r\nPovel / Magnus / Filip / David\r\nwww.theroyalconcept.com',
                 'uploader': 'The Royal Concept',
@@ -408,6 +434,9 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'repost_count': int,
+                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/the-concept-band',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-v8bFHhXm7Au6-0-original.jpg',
+                'genres': ['Alternative'],
             },
         },
         # private link
@@ -429,6 +458,9 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'repost_count': int,
+                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/jaimemf',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://a1.sndcdn.com/images/default_avatar_large.png',
+                'genres': ['youtubedl'],
             },
         },
         # private link (alt format)
@@ -450,6 +482,9 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'repost_count': int,
+                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/jaimemf',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://a1.sndcdn.com/images/default_avatar_large.png',
+                'genres': ['youtubedl'],
             },
         },
         # downloadable song
@@ -459,6 +494,21 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '343609555',
                 'ext': 'wav',
+                'title': 'The Following',
+                'description': '',
+                'uploader': '80M',
+                'uploader_id': '312384765',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/the80m',
+                'upload_date': '20170922',
+                'timestamp': 1506120436,
+                'duration': 397.228,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-000243916348-ktoo7d-original.jpg',
+                'license': 'all-rights-reserved',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'repost_count': int,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'genres': ['Dance & EDM'],
             },
         },
         # private link, downloadable format
@@ -480,6 +530,9 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'repost_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-000240712245-kedn4p-original.jpg',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/oriuplift',
+                'genres': ['Trance'],
             },
         },
         # no album art, use avatar pic for thumbnail
@@ -502,6 +555,8 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'repost_count': int,
+                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/garyvee',
+                'genres': [],
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
@@ -509,13 +564,13 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://soundcloud.com/giovannisarani/mezzo-valzer',
-            'md5': 'e22aecd2bc88e0e4e432d7dcc0a1abf7',
+            'md5': '8227c3473a4264df6b02ad7e5b7527ac',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '583011102',
-                'ext': 'mp3',
+                'ext': 'opus',
                 'title': 'Mezzo Valzer',
-                'description': 'md5:4138d582f81866a530317bae316e8b61',
-                'uploader': 'Micronie',
+                'description': 'md5:f4d5f39d52e0ccc2b4f665326428901a',
+                'uploader': 'Giovanni Sarani',
                 'uploader_id': '3352531',
                 'timestamp': 1551394171,
                 'upload_date': '20190228',
@@ -526,6 +581,8 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'repost_count': int,
+                'genres': ['Piano'],
+                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/giovannisarani',
             },
         },
         {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py
index 1308c595d..d2f207fcc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class TheaterComplexTownBaseIE(StacommuBaseIE):
 
 
 class TheaterComplexTownVODIE(TheaterComplexTownBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?theater-complex\.town/(?:en/)?videos/episodes/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?theater-complex\.town/(?:(?:en|ja)/)?videos/episodes/(?P<id>\w+)'
     IE_NAME = 'theatercomplextown:vod'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/videos/episodes/hoxqidYNoAn7bP92DN6p78',
@@ -195,6 +195,9 @@ class TheaterComplexTownVODIE(TheaterComplexTownBaseIE):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/en/videos/episodes/6QT7XYwM9dJz5Gf9VB6K5y',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/ja/videos/episodes/hoxqidYNoAn7bP92DN6p78',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _API_PATH = 'videoEpisodes'
@@ -204,7 +207,7 @@ class TheaterComplexTownVODIE(TheaterComplexTownBaseIE):
 
 
 class TheaterComplexTownPPVIE(TheaterComplexTownBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?theater-complex\.town/(?:en/)?ppv/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?theater-complex\.town/(?:(?:en|ja)/)?ppv/(?P<id>\w+)'
     IE_NAME = 'theatercomplextown:ppv'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/ppv/wytW3X7khrjJBUpKuV3jen',
@@ -223,6 +226,9 @@ class TheaterComplexTownPPVIE(TheaterComplexTownBaseIE):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/en/ppv/wytW3X7khrjJBUpKuV3jen',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/ja/ppv/qwUVmLmGEiZ3ZW6it9uGys',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _API_PATH = 'events'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/stv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/stv.py
index 8b3e63538..0ab780100 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/stv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/stv.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class STVPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
         ptype, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
 
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, fatal=False) or ''
-        props = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id, default='{}').get('props') or {}
+        props = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id, default={}).get('props') or {}
         player_api_cache = try_get(
             props, lambda x: x['initialReduxState']['playerApiCache']) or {}
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py
index 9378ed021..5fdcddd8b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
-
+import functools
 import json
-from functools import partial
-from textwrap import dedent
+import textwrap
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import ExtractorError, format_field, int_or_none, parse_iso8601
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 def _fmt_url(url):
-    return partial(format_field, template=url, default=None)
+    return functools.partial(format_field, template=url, default=None)
 
 
 class TelewebionIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ class TelewebionIE(InfoExtractor):
         if not video_id.startswith('0x'):
             video_id = hex(int(video_id))
 
-        episode_data = self._call_graphql_api('getEpisodeDetail', video_id, dedent('''
+        episode_data = self._call_graphql_api('getEpisodeDetail', video_id, textwrap.dedent('''
             queryEpisode(filter: {EpisodeID: $EpisodeId}, first: 1) {
               title
               program {
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ class TelewebionIE(InfoExtractor):
             'formats': (
                 'channel', 'descriptor', {str},
                 {_fmt_url(f'https://cdna.telewebion.com/%s/episode/{video_id}/playlist.m3u8')},
-                {partial(self._extract_m3u8_formats, video_id=video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id='hls')}),
+                {functools.partial(self._extract_m3u8_formats, video_id=video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id='hls')}),
         }))
         info_dict['id'] = video_id
         return info_dict
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
index a98275d86..11cc5705e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import base64
+import datetime as dt
 import functools
 import itertools
-from datetime import datetime
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class TenPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
         username, password = self._get_login_info()
         if username is None or password is None:
             self.raise_login_required('Your 10play account\'s details must be provided with --username and --password.')
-        _timestamp = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d000000')
+        _timestamp = dt.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d000000')
         _auth_header = base64.b64encode(_timestamp.encode('ascii')).decode('ascii')
         data = self._download_json('https://10play.com.au/api/user/auth', video_id, 'Getting bearer token', headers={
             'X-Network-Ten-Auth': _auth_header,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/thisoldhouse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/thisoldhouse.py
index 15f8380d3..fbc12d55d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/thisoldhouse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/thisoldhouse.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import json
 
+from .brightcove import BrightcoveNewIE
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .zype import ZypeIE
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     filter_dict,
     parse_qs,
+    smuggle_url,
     try_call,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
@@ -17,23 +19,43 @@ class ThisOldHouseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'thisoldhouse'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?thisoldhouse\.com/(?:watch|how-to|tv-episode|(?:[^/?#]+/)?\d+)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
+        # Unresolved Brightcove URL embed (formerly Zype), free
         'url': 'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/furniture/21017078/how-to-build-a-storage-bench',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '5dcdddf673c3f956ef5db202',
+            'id': '6325298523112',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'How to Build a Storage Bench',
             'description': 'In the workshop, Tom Silva and Kevin O\'Connor build a storage bench for an entryway.',
-            'timestamp': 1442548800,
-            'upload_date': '20150918',
-            'duration': 674,
-            'view_count': int,
-            'average_rating': 0,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg\?\d+$',
-            'display_id': 'how-to-build-a-storage-bench',
+            'timestamp': 1681793639,
+            'upload_date': '20230418',
+            'duration': 674.54,
+            'tags': 'count:11',
+            'uploader_id': '6314471934001',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+    }, {
+        # Brightcove embed, authwalled
+        'url': 'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/glen-ridge-generational/99537/s45-e17-multi-generational',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6349675446112',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'E17 | Glen Ridge Generational | Multi-Generational',
+            'description': 'md5:53c6bc2e8031f3033d693d9a3563222c',
+            'timestamp': 1711382202,
+            'upload_date': '20240325',
+            'duration': 1422.229,
+            'tags': 'count:13',
+            'uploader_id': '6314471934001',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Login with password is not supported for this website'],
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+        'skip': 'Requires subscription',
     }, {
         # Page no longer has video
         'url': 'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/watch/arlington-arts-crafts-arts-and-crafts-class-begins',
@@ -98,7 +120,15 @@ class ThisOldHouseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         video_url, video_id = self._search_regex(
             r'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"]((?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?thisoldhouse\.(?:chorus\.build|com)/videos/zype/([0-9a-f]{24})[^\'"]*)[\'"]',
-            webpage, 'video url', group=(1, 2))
-        video_url = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(video_url), video_id, 'Resolving Zype URL').url
+            webpage, 'zype url', group=(1, 2), default=(None, None))
+        if video_url:
+            video_url = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(video_url), video_id, 'Resolving Zype URL').url
+            return self.url_result(video_url, ZypeIE, video_id)
 
-        return self.url_result(video_url, ZypeIE, video_id)
+        video_url, video_id = self._search_regex([
+            r'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"]((?:https?:)?//players\.brightcove\.net/\d+/\w+/index\.html\?videoId=(\d+))',
+            r'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"]((?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)thisoldhouse\.com/videos/brightcove/(\d+))'],
+            webpage, 'iframe url', group=(1, 2))
+        if not parse_qs(video_url).get('videoId'):
+            video_url = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(video_url), video_id, 'Resolving Brightcove URL').url
+        return self.url_result(smuggle_url(video_url, {'referrer': url}), BrightcoveNewIE, video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
index 02545bc79..3d965dd45 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import random
 import re
 import string
 import time
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_urlparse
@@ -30,19 +31,65 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 
 class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _APP_VERSIONS = [('26.1.3', '260103'), ('26.1.2', '260102'), ('26.1.1', '260101'), ('25.6.2', '250602')]
-    _WORKING_APP_VERSION = None
-    _APP_NAME = 'trill'
-    _AID = 1180
     _UPLOADER_URL_FORMAT = 'https://www.tiktok.com/@%s'
     _WEBPAGE_HOST = 'https://www.tiktok.com/'
     QUALITIES = ('360p', '540p', '720p', '1080p')
 
+    _APP_INFO_DEFAULTS = {
+        # unique "install id"
+        'iid': None,
+        # TikTok (KR/PH/TW/TH/VN) = trill, TikTok (rest of world) = musical_ly, Douyin = aweme
+        'app_name': 'musical_ly',
+        'app_version': '34.1.2',
+        'manifest_app_version': '2023401020',
+        # "app id": aweme = 1128, trill = 1180, musical_ly = 1233, universal = 0
+        'aid': '0',
+    }
+    _KNOWN_APP_INFO = [
+        '7351144126450059040',
+        '7351149742343391009',
+        '7351153174894626592',
+    ]
+    _APP_INFO_POOL = None
+    _APP_INFO = None
+    _APP_USER_AGENT = None
+
     @property
     def _API_HOSTNAME(self):
         return self._configuration_arg(
             'api_hostname', ['api22-normal-c-useast2a.tiktokv.com'], ie_key=TikTokIE)[0]
 
+    def _get_next_app_info(self):
+        if self._APP_INFO_POOL is None:
+            defaults = {
+                key: self._configuration_arg(key, [default], ie_key=TikTokIE)[0]
+                for key, default in self._APP_INFO_DEFAULTS.items()
+                if key != 'iid'
+            }
+            app_info_list = (
+                self._configuration_arg('app_info', ie_key=TikTokIE)
+                or random.sample(self._KNOWN_APP_INFO, len(self._KNOWN_APP_INFO)))
+            self._APP_INFO_POOL = [
+                {**defaults, **dict(
+                    (k, v) for k, v in zip(self._APP_INFO_DEFAULTS, app_info.split('/')) if v
+                )} for app_info in app_info_list
+            ]
+
+        if not self._APP_INFO_POOL:
+            return False
+
+        self._APP_INFO = self._APP_INFO_POOL.pop(0)
+
+        app_name = self._APP_INFO['app_name']
+        version = self._APP_INFO['manifest_app_version']
+        if app_name == 'musical_ly':
+            package = f'com.zhiliaoapp.musically/{version}'
+        else:  # trill, aweme
+            package = f'com.ss.android.ugc.{app_name}/{version}'
+        self._APP_USER_AGENT = f'{package} (Linux; U; Android 13; en_US; Pixel 7; Build/TD1A.220804.031; Cronet/58.0.2991.0)'
+
+        return True
+
     @staticmethod
     def _create_url(user_id, video_id):
         return f'https://www.tiktok.com/@{user_id or "_"}/video/{video_id}'
@@ -58,7 +105,7 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'universal data', display_id, end_pattern=r'</script>', default={}),
             ('__DEFAULT_SCOPE__', {dict})) or {}
 
-    def _call_api_impl(self, ep, query, manifest_app_version, video_id, fatal=True,
+    def _call_api_impl(self, ep, query, video_id, fatal=True,
                        note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to download API page'):
         self._set_cookie(self._API_HOSTNAME, 'odin_tt', ''.join(random.choices('0123456789abcdef', k=160)))
         webpage_cookies = self._get_cookies(self._WEBPAGE_HOST)
@@ -67,80 +114,85 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         return self._download_json(
             'https://%s/aweme/v1/%s/' % (self._API_HOSTNAME, ep), video_id=video_id,
             fatal=fatal, note=note, errnote=errnote, headers={
-                'User-Agent': f'com.ss.android.ugc.{self._APP_NAME}/{manifest_app_version} (Linux; U; Android 13; en_US; Pixel 7; Build/TD1A.220804.031; Cronet/58.0.2991.0)',
+                'User-Agent': self._APP_USER_AGENT,
                 'Accept': 'application/json',
             }, query=query)
 
-    def _build_api_query(self, query, app_version, manifest_app_version):
+    def _build_api_query(self, query):
         return {
             **query,
-            'version_name': app_version,
-            'version_code': manifest_app_version,
-            'build_number': app_version,
-            'manifest_version_code': manifest_app_version,
-            'update_version_code': manifest_app_version,
-            'openudid': ''.join(random.choices('0123456789abcdef', k=16)),
-            'uuid': ''.join(random.choices(string.digits, k=16)),
-            '_rticket': int(time.time() * 1000),
-            'ts': int(time.time()),
-            'device_brand': 'Google',
-            'device_type': 'Pixel 7',
             'device_platform': 'android',
+            'os': 'android',
+            'ssmix': 'a',
+            '_rticket': int(time.time() * 1000),
+            'cdid': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+            'channel': 'googleplay',
+            'aid': self._APP_INFO['aid'],
+            'app_name': self._APP_INFO['app_name'],
+            'version_code': ''.join((f'{int(v):02d}' for v in self._APP_INFO['app_version'].split('.'))),
+            'version_name': self._APP_INFO['app_version'],
+            'manifest_version_code': self._APP_INFO['manifest_app_version'],
+            'update_version_code': self._APP_INFO['manifest_app_version'],
+            'ab_version': self._APP_INFO['app_version'],
             'resolution': '1080*2400',
             'dpi': 420,
-            'os_version': '13',
-            'os_api': '29',
-            'carrier_region': 'US',
-            'sys_region': 'US',
-            'region': 'US',
-            'app_name': self._APP_NAME,
-            'app_language': 'en',
+            'device_type': 'Pixel 7',
+            'device_brand': 'Google',
             'language': 'en',
-            'timezone_name': 'America/New_York',
-            'timezone_offset': '-14400',
-            'channel': 'googleplay',
+            'os_api': '29',
+            'os_version': '13',
             'ac': 'wifi',
-            'mcc_mnc': '310260',
-            'is_my_cn': 0,
-            'aid': self._AID,
-            'ssmix': 'a',
-            'as': 'a1qwert123',
-            'cp': 'cbfhckdckkde1',
+            'is_pad': '0',
+            'current_region': 'US',
+            'app_type': 'normal',
+            'sys_region': 'US',
+            'last_install_time': int(time.time()) - random.randint(86400, 1123200),
+            'timezone_name': 'America/New_York',
+            'residence': 'US',
+            'app_language': 'en',
+            'timezone_offset': '-14400',
+            'host_abi': 'armeabi-v7a',
+            'locale': 'en',
+            'ac2': 'wifi5g',
+            'uoo': '1',
+            'carrier_region': 'US',
+            'op_region': 'US',
+            'build_number': self._APP_INFO['app_version'],
+            'region': 'US',
+            'ts': int(time.time()),
+            'iid': self._APP_INFO['iid'],
+            'device_id': random.randint(7250000000000000000, 7351147085025500000),
+            'openudid': ''.join(random.choices('0123456789abcdef', k=16)),
         }
 
     def _call_api(self, ep, query, video_id, fatal=True,
                   note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to download API page'):
-        if not self._WORKING_APP_VERSION:
-            app_version = self._configuration_arg('app_version', [''], ie_key=TikTokIE.ie_key())[0]
-            manifest_app_version = self._configuration_arg('manifest_app_version', [''], ie_key=TikTokIE.ie_key())[0]
-            if app_version and manifest_app_version:
-                self._WORKING_APP_VERSION = (app_version, manifest_app_version)
-                self.write_debug('Imported app version combo from extractor arguments')
-            elif app_version or manifest_app_version:
-                self.report_warning('Only one of the two required version params are passed as extractor arguments', only_once=True)
+        if not self._APP_INFO and not self._get_next_app_info():
+            message = 'No working app info is available'
+            if fatal:
+                raise ExtractorError(message, expected=True)
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(message)
+                return
 
-        if self._WORKING_APP_VERSION:
-            app_version, manifest_app_version = self._WORKING_APP_VERSION
-            real_query = self._build_api_query(query, app_version, manifest_app_version)
-            return self._call_api_impl(ep, real_query, manifest_app_version, video_id, fatal, note, errnote)
-
-        for count, (app_version, manifest_app_version) in enumerate(self._APP_VERSIONS, start=1):
-            real_query = self._build_api_query(query, app_version, manifest_app_version)
+        max_tries = len(self._APP_INFO_POOL) + 1  # _APP_INFO_POOL + _APP_INFO
+        for count in itertools.count(1):
+            self.write_debug(str(self._APP_INFO))
+            real_query = self._build_api_query(query)
             try:
-                res = self._call_api_impl(ep, real_query, manifest_app_version, video_id, fatal, note, errnote)
-                self._WORKING_APP_VERSION = (app_version, manifest_app_version)
-                return res
+                return self._call_api_impl(ep, real_query, video_id, fatal, note, errnote)
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 if isinstance(e.cause, json.JSONDecodeError) and e.cause.pos == 0:
-                    if count == len(self._APP_VERSIONS):
+                    message = str(e.cause or e.msg)
+                    if not self._get_next_app_info():
                         if fatal:
-                            raise e
+                            raise
                         else:
-                            self.report_warning(str(e.cause or e.msg))
+                            self.report_warning(message)
                             return
-                    self.report_warning('%s. Retrying... (attempt %s of %s)' % (str(e.cause or e.msg), count, len(self._APP_VERSIONS)))
+                    self.report_warning(f'{message}. Retrying... (attempt {count} of {max_tries})')
                     continue
-                raise e
+                raise
 
     def _extract_aweme_app(self, aweme_id):
         feed_list = self._call_api(
@@ -223,6 +275,7 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         def extract_addr(addr, add_meta={}):
             parsed_meta, res = parse_url_key(addr.get('url_key', ''))
+            is_bytevc2 = parsed_meta.get('vcodec') == 'bytevc2'
             if res:
                 known_resolutions.setdefault(res, {}).setdefault('height', int_or_none(addr.get('height')))
                 known_resolutions[res].setdefault('width', int_or_none(addr.get('width')))
@@ -235,8 +288,11 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'acodec': 'aac',
                 'source_preference': -2 if 'aweme/v1' in url else -1,  # Downloads from API might get blocked
                 **add_meta, **parsed_meta,
+                # bytevc2 is bytedance's proprietary (unplayable) video codec
+                'preference': -100 if is_bytevc2 else -1,
                 'format_note': join_nonempty(
-                    add_meta.get('format_note'), '(API)' if 'aweme/v1' in url else None, delim=' '),
+                    add_meta.get('format_note'), '(API)' if 'aweme/v1' in url else None,
+                    '(UNPLAYABLE)' if is_bytevc2 else None, delim=' '),
                 **audio_meta(url),
             } for url in addr.get('url_list') or []]
 
@@ -720,7 +776,7 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             status = traverse_obj(sigi_data, ('VideoPage', 'statusCode', {int})) or 0
             video_data = traverse_obj(sigi_data, ('ItemModule', video_id, {dict}))
 
-        elif next_data := self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id, default='{}'):
+        elif next_data := self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id, default={}):
             self.write_debug('Found next.js data')
             status = traverse_obj(next_data, ('props', 'pageProps', 'statusCode', {int})) or 0
             video_data = traverse_obj(next_data, ('props', 'pageProps', 'itemInfo', 'itemStruct', {dict}))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tv5mondeplus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tv5mondeplus.py
index a445fae85..52ff230f2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tv5mondeplus.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tv5mondeplus.py
@@ -2,85 +2,88 @@ import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
     determine_ext,
     extract_attributes,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
     int_or_none,
-    parse_duration,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_get,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class TV5MondePlusIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'TV5MONDE+'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:tv5mondeplus|revoir\.tv5monde)\.com/toutes-les-videos/[^/]+/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    IE_NAME = 'TV5MONDE'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tv5monde\.com/tv/video/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        # movie
-        'url': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/toutes-les-videos/cinema/les-novices',
-        'md5': 'c86f60bf8b75436455b1b205f9745955',
+        # documentary
+        'url': 'https://www.tv5monde.com/tv/video/65931-baudouin-l-heritage-d-un-roi-baudouin-l-heritage-d-un-roi',
+        'md5': 'd2a708902d3df230a357c99701aece05',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'ZX0ipMyFQq_6D4BA7b',
-            'display_id': 'les-novices',
+            'id': '3FPa7JMu21_6D4BA7b',
+            'display_id': '65931-baudouin-l-heritage-d-un-roi-baudouin-l-heritage-d-un-roi',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Les novices',
-            'description': 'md5:2e7c33ba3ad48dabfcc2a956b88bde2b',
-            'upload_date': '20230821',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/uploads/media/video_thumbnail/0738/60/01e952b7ccf36b7c6007ec9131588954ab651de9.jpeg',
-            'duration': 5177,
-            'episode': 'Les novices',
+            'title': "Baudouin, l'héritage d'un roi",
+            'thumbnail': 'https://psi.tv5monde.com/upsilon-images/960x540/6f/baudouin-f49c6b0e.jpg',
+            'duration': 4842,
+            'upload_date': '20240130',
+            'timestamp': 1706641242,
+            'episode': "BAUDOUIN, L'HERITAGE D'UN ROI",
+            'description': 'md5:78125c74a5cac06d7743a2d09126edad',
+            'series': "Baudouin, l'héritage d'un roi",
         },
     }, {
         # series episode
-        'url': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/toutes-les-videos/series-fictions/opj-les-dents-de-la-terre-2',
+        'url': 'https://www.tv5monde.com/tv/video/52952-toute-la-vie-mardi-23-mars-2021',
+        'md5': 'f5e09637cadd55639c05874e22eb56bf',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'wJ0eeEPozr_6D4BA7b',
-            'display_id': 'opj-les-dents-de-la-terre-2',
+            'id': 'obRRZ8m6g9_6D4BA7b',
+            'display_id': '52952-toute-la-vie-mardi-23-mars-2021',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "OPJ - Les dents de la Terre (2)",
-            'description': 'md5:288f87fd68d993f814e66e60e5302d9d',
-            'upload_date': '20230823',
-            'series': 'OPJ',
-            'episode': 'Les dents de la Terre (2)',
-            'duration': 2877,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://dl-revoir.tv5monde.com/images/1a/5753448.jpg'
+            'title': 'Toute la vie',
+            'description': 'md5:a824a2e1dfd94cf45fa379a1fb43ce65',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://psi.tv5monde.com/media/image/960px/5880553.jpg',
+            'duration': 2526,
+            'upload_date': '20230721',
+            'timestamp': 1689971646,
+            'series': 'Toute la vie',
+            'episode': 'Mardi 23 mars 2021',
         },
     }, {
         # movie
-        'url': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/toutes-les-videos/cinema/ceux-qui-travaillent',
-        'md5': '32fa0cde16a4480d1251502a66856d5f',
+        'url': 'https://www.tv5monde.com/tv/video/8771-ce-fleuve-qui-nous-charrie-ce-fleuve-qui-nous-charrie-p001-ce-fleuve-qui-nous-charrie',
+        'md5': '87cefc34e10a6bf4f7823cccd7b36eb2',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'dc57a011-ec4b-4648-2a9a-4f03f8352ed3',
-            'display_id': 'ceux-qui-travaillent',
+            'id': 'DOcfvdLKXL_6D4BA7b',
+            'display_id': '8771-ce-fleuve-qui-nous-charrie-ce-fleuve-qui-nous-charrie-p001-ce-fleuve-qui-nous-charrie',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Ceux qui travaillent',
-            'description': 'md5:570e8bb688036ace873b2d50d24c026d',
-            'upload_date': '20210819',
+            'title': 'Ce fleuve qui nous charrie',
+            'description': 'md5:62ba3f875343c7fc4082bdfbbc1be992',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://psi.tv5monde.com/media/image/960px/5476617.jpg',
+            'duration': 5300,
+            'upload_date': '20210822',
+            'timestamp': 1629594105,
+            'episode': 'CE FLEUVE QUI NOUS CHARRIE-P001-CE FLEUVE QUI NOUS CHARRIE',
+            'series': 'Ce fleuve qui nous charrie',
         },
-        'skip': 'no longer available',
     }, {
-        # series episode
-        'url': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/toutes-les-videos/series-fictions/vestiaires-caro-actrice',
+        # news
+        'url': 'https://www.tv5monde.com/tv/video/70402-tv5monde-le-journal-edition-du-08-05-24-11h',
+        'md5': 'c62977d6d10754a2ecebba70ad370479',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '9e9d599e-23af-6915-843e-ecbf62e97925',
-            'display_id': 'vestiaires-caro-actrice',
+            'id': 'LgQFrOCNsc_6D4BA7b',
+            'display_id': '70402-tv5monde-le-journal-edition-du-08-05-24-11h',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Vestiaires - Caro actrice",
-            'description': 'md5:db15d2e1976641e08377f942778058ea',
-            'upload_date': '20210819',
-            'series': "Vestiaires",
-            'episode': 'Caro actrice',
+            'title': 'TV5MONDE, le journal',
+            'description': 'md5:777dc209eaa4423b678477c36b0b04a8',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://psi.tv5monde.com/media/image/960px/6184105.jpg',
+            'duration': 854,
+            'upload_date': '20240508',
+            'timestamp': 1715159640,
+            'series': 'TV5MONDE, le journal',
+            'episode': 'EDITION DU 08/05/24 - 11H',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-        'skip': 'no longer available',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/toutes-les-videos/series-fictions/neuf-jours-en-hiver-neuf-jours-en-hiver',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/toutes-les-videos/info-societe/le-journal-de-la-rts-edition-du-30-01-20-19h30',
-        'only_matching': True,
     }]
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 
@@ -98,7 +101,6 @@ class TV5MondePlusIE(InfoExtractor):
         if ">Ce programme n'est malheureusement pas disponible pour votre zone géographique.<" in webpage:
             self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['FR'])
 
-        title = episode = self._html_search_regex(r'<h1>([^<]+)', webpage, 'title')
         vpl_data = extract_attributes(self._search_regex(
             r'(<[^>]+class="video_player_loader"[^>]+>)',
             webpage, 'video player loader'))
@@ -147,26 +149,7 @@ class TV5MondePlusIE(InfoExtractor):
         process_video_files(video_files)
 
         metadata = self._parse_json(
-            vpl_data['data-metadata'], display_id)
-        duration = (int_or_none(try_get(metadata, lambda x: x['content']['duration']))
-                    or parse_duration(self._html_search_meta('duration', webpage)))
-
-        description = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'(?s)<div[^>]+class=["\']episode-texte[^>]+>(.+?)</div>', webpage,
-            'description', fatal=False)
-
-        series = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'<p[^>]+class=["\']episode-emission[^>]+>([^<]+)', webpage,
-            'series', default=None)
-
-        if series and series != title:
-            title = '%s - %s' % (series, title)
-
-        upload_date = self._search_regex(
-            r'(?:date_publication|publish_date)["\']\s*:\s*["\'](\d{4}_\d{2}_\d{2})',
-            webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
-        if upload_date:
-            upload_date = upload_date.replace('_', '')
+            vpl_data.get('data-metadata') or '{}', display_id, fatal=False)
 
         if not video_id:
             video_id = self._search_regex(
@@ -175,16 +158,20 @@ class TV5MondePlusIE(InfoExtractor):
                 default=display_id)
 
         return {
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, ('content', {
+                'id': ('id', {str}),
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'episode': ('title', {str}),
+                'series': ('series', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishDate_ts', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+            })),
             'id': video_id,
             'display_id': display_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': description,
-            'thumbnail': vpl_data.get('data-image'),
-            'duration': duration,
-            'upload_date': upload_date,
+            'title': clean_html(get_element_by_class('main-title', webpage)),
+            'description': clean_html(get_element_by_class('text', get_element_html_by_class('ep-summary', webpage) or '')),
+            'thumbnail': url_or_none(vpl_data.get('data-image')),
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': self._extract_subtitles(self._parse_json(
                 traverse_obj(vpl_data, ('data-captions', {str}), default='{}'), display_id, fatal=False)),
-            'series': series,
-            'episode': episode,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py
index 9afe23328..e3e10557c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
+import functools
+import re
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    float_or_none,
-    int_or_none,
-    smuggle_url,
-    strip_or_none,
-)
+from ..utils import float_or_none, int_or_none, smuggle_url, strip_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class TVAIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -49,11 +48,20 @@ class QubIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '6084352463001',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Épisode 01',
+            'title': 'Ép 01. Mon dernier jour',
             'uploader_id': '5481942443001',
             'upload_date': '20190907',
             'timestamp': 1567899756,
             'description': 'md5:9c0d7fbb90939420c651fd977df90145',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+\.jpg',
+            'episode': 'Ép 01. Mon dernier jour',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'tags': ['alerte amber', 'alerte amber saison 1', 'surdemande'],
+            'duration': 2625.963,
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'series': 'Alerte Amber',
+            'channel': 'TVA',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.qub.ca/tele/video/lcn-ca-vous-regarde-rev-30s-ap369664-1009357943',
@@ -64,22 +72,24 @@ class QubIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         entity_id = self._match_id(url)
-        entity = self._download_json(
-            'https://www.qub.ca/proxy/pfu/content-delivery-service/v1/entities',
-            entity_id, query={'id': entity_id})
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, entity_id)
+        entity = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, entity_id)['props']['initialProps']['pageProps']['fallbackData']
         video_id = entity['videoId']
         episode = strip_or_none(entity.get('name'))
 
         return {
             '_type': 'url_transparent',
+            'url': f'https://videos.tva.ca/details/_{video_id}',
+            'ie_key': TVAIE.ie_key(),
             'id': video_id,
             'title': episode,
-            # 'url': self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE % entity['referenceId'],
-            'url': 'https://videos.tva.ca/details/_' + video_id,
-            'description': entity.get('longDescription'),
-            'duration': float_or_none(entity.get('durationMillis'), 1000),
             'episode': episode,
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(entity.get('episodeNumber')),
-            # 'ie_key': 'BrightcoveNew',
-            'ie_key': TVAIE.ie_key(),
+            **traverse_obj(entity, {
+                'description': ('longDescription', {str}),
+                'duration': ('durationMillis', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'channel': ('knownEntities', 'channel', 'name', {str}),
+                'series': ('knownEntities', 'videoShow', 'name', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('slug', {lambda x: re.search(r'/s(?:ai|ea)son-(\d+)/', x)}, 1, {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
index c55786a0d..80cba0915 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
@@ -191,17 +191,25 @@ class TwitchBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         }] if thumbnail else None
 
     def _extract_twitch_m3u8_formats(self, path, video_id, token, signature):
-        return self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
             f'{self._USHER_BASE}/{path}/{video_id}.m3u8', video_id, 'mp4', query={
                 'allow_source': 'true',
                 'allow_audio_only': 'true',
                 'allow_spectre': 'true',
                 'p': random.randint(1000000, 10000000),
+                'platform': 'web',
                 'player': 'twitchweb',
+                'supported_codecs': 'av1,h265,h264',
                 'playlist_include_framerate': 'true',
                 'sig': signature,
                 'token': token,
             })
+        for fmt in formats:
+            if fmt.get('vcodec') and fmt['vcodec'].startswith('av01'):
+                # mpegts does not yet have proper support for av1
+                fmt['downloader_options'] = {'ffmpeg_args_out': ['-f', 'mp4']}
+
+        return formats
 
 
 class TwitchVodIE(TwitchBaseIE):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
index e4a78c297..28d502685 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
@@ -451,6 +451,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
             info_page, 'view count', default=None))
 
         formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
         for format_id, format_url in data.items():
             format_url = url_or_none(format_url)
             if not format_url or not format_url.startswith(('http', '//', 'rtmp')):
@@ -462,12 +463,21 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                 formats.append({
                     'format_id': format_id,
                     'url': format_url,
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'source_preference': 1,
                     'height': height,
                 })
             elif format_id == 'hls':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
                     format_url, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native',
-                    m3u8_id=format_id, fatal=False, live=is_live))
+                    m3u8_id=format_id, fatal=False, live=is_live)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            elif format_id.startswith('dash_'):
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    format_url, video_id, mpd_id=format_id, fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
             elif format_id == 'rtmp':
                 formats.append({
                     'format_id': format_id,
@@ -475,7 +485,6 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                     'ext': 'flv',
                 })
 
-        subtitles = {}
         for sub in data.get('subs') or {}:
             subtitles.setdefault(sub.get('lang', 'en'), []).append({
                 'ext': sub.get('title', '.srt').split('.')[-1],
@@ -496,6 +505,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int_or_none(mv_data.get('commcount')),
             'is_live': is_live,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
+            '_format_sort_fields': ('res', 'source'),
         }
 
 
@@ -707,6 +717,7 @@ class VKWallPostIE(VKBaseIE):
 
 
 class VKPlayBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _BASE_URL_RE = r'https?://(?:vkplay\.live|live\.vkplay\.ru)/'
     _RESOLUTIONS = {
         'tiny': '256x144',
         'lowest': '426x240',
@@ -765,7 +776,7 @@ class VKPlayBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class VKPlayIE(VKPlayBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vkplay\.live/(?P<username>[^/#?]+)/record/(?P<id>[a-f0-9-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = rf'{VKPlayBaseIE._BASE_URL_RE}(?P<username>[^/#?]+)/record/(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://vkplay.live/zitsmann/record/f5e6e3b5-dc52-4d14-965d-0680dd2882da',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -776,13 +787,16 @@ class VKPlayIE(VKPlayBaseIE):
             'uploader_id': '13159830',
             'release_timestamp': 1683461378,
             'release_date': '20230507',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://images.vkplay.live/public_video_stream/record/f5e6e3b5-dc52-4d14-965d-0680dd2882da/preview\?change_time=\d+',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://[^/]+/public_video_stream/record/f5e6e3b5-dc52-4d14-965d-0680dd2882da/preview',
             'duration': 10608,
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'categories': ['Atomic Heart'],
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://live.vkplay.ru/lebwa/record/33a4e4ce-e3ef-49db-bb14-f006cc6fabc9/records',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -802,7 +816,7 @@ class VKPlayIE(VKPlayBaseIE):
 
 
 class VKPlayLiveIE(VKPlayBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vkplay\.live/(?P<id>[^/#?]+)/?(?:[#?]|$)'
+    _VALID_URL = rf'{VKPlayBaseIE._BASE_URL_RE}(?P<id>[^/#?]+)/?(?:[#?]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://vkplay.live/bayda',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -813,7 +827,7 @@ class VKPlayLiveIE(VKPlayBaseIE):
             'uploader_id': '12279401',
             'release_timestamp': 1687209962,
             'release_date': '20230619',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://images.vkplay.live/public_video_stream/12279401/preview\?change_time=\d+',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://[^/]+/public_video_stream/12279401/preview',
             'view_count': int,
             'concurrent_view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
@@ -822,6 +836,9 @@ class VKPlayLiveIE(VKPlayBaseIE):
         },
         'skip': 'livestream',
         'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://live.vkplay.ru/lebwa',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
index 497233d95..3d26549a4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     join_nonempty,
     jwt_encode_hs256,
     make_archive_id,
+    merge_dicts,
     parse_age_limit,
     parse_iso8601,
     str_or_none,
@@ -425,3 +426,64 @@ class DagelijkseKostIE(VRTBaseIE):
                 ['description', 'twitter:description', 'og:description'], webpage),
             '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('Canvas', video_id)],
         }
+
+
+class Radio1BeIE(VRTBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://radio1\.be/(?:lees|luister/select)/(?P<id>[\w/-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://radio1.be/luister/select/de-ochtend/komt-n-va-volgend-jaar-op-in-wallonie',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'eb6c22e9-544f-44f4-af39-cf8cccd29e22',
+            'title': 'Komt N-VA volgend jaar op in Wallonië?',
+            'display_id': 'de-ochtend/komt-n-va-volgend-jaar-op-in-wallonie',
+            'description': 'md5:b374ea1c9302f38362df9dea1931468e',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://cds\.vrt\.radio/[^/#\?&]+'
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 1
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://radio1.be/lees/europese-unie-wil-onmiddellijke-humanitaire-pauze-en-duurzaam-staakt-het-vuren-in-gaza?view=web',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5d47f102-dbdb-4fa0-832b-26c1870311f2',
+            'title': 'Europese Unie wil "onmiddellijke humanitaire pauze" en "duurzaam staakt-het-vuren" in Gaza',
+            'description': 'md5:1aad1fae7d39edeffde5d3e67d276b64',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://cds\.vrt\.radio/[^/#\?&]+',
+            'display_id': 'europese-unie-wil-onmiddellijke-humanitaire-pauze-en-duurzaam-staakt-het-vuren-in-gaza'
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 1
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_video_entries(self, next_js_data, display_id):
+        video_data = traverse_obj(
+            next_js_data, ((None, ('paragraphs', ...)), {lambda x: x if x['mediaReference'] else None}))
+        for data in video_data:
+            media_reference = data['mediaReference']
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(
+                self._call_api(media_reference), display_id)
+
+            yield {
+                'id': media_reference,
+                'formats': formats,
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
+                **traverse_obj(data, {
+                    'title': ('title', {str}),
+                    'description': ('body', {clean_html})
+                }),
+            }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        next_js_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, display_id)['props']['pageProps']['item']
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._extract_video_entries(next_js_data, display_id), **merge_dicts(traverse_obj(
+                next_js_data, ({
+                    'id': ('id', {str}),
+                    'title': ('title', {str}),
+                    'description': (('description', 'content'), {clean_html}),
+                }), get_all=False), {
+                    'display_id': display_id,
+                    'title': self._html_search_meta(['name', 'og:title', 'twitter:title'], webpage),
+                    'description': self._html_search_meta(['description', 'og:description', 'twitter:description'], webpage),
+                    'thumbnail': self._html_search_meta(['og:image', 'twitter:image'], webpage),
+            }))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py
index bce5e8326..f2256fdc6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+import base64
 import re
 import urllib.parse
-from base64 import b64decode
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ class WistiaChannelIE(WistiaBaseIE):
             webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://fast.wistia.net/embed/channel/{channel_id}', channel_id)
             data = self._parse_json(
                 self._search_regex(r'wchanneljsonp-%s\'\]\s*=[^\"]*\"([A-Za-z0-9=/]*)' % channel_id, webpage, 'jsonp', channel_id),
-                channel_id, transform_source=lambda x: urllib.parse.unquote_plus(b64decode(x).decode('utf-8')))
+                channel_id, transform_source=lambda x: urllib.parse.unquote_plus(base64.b64decode(x).decode('utf-8')))
 
         # XXX: can there be more than one series?
         series = traverse_obj(data, ('series', 0), default={})
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wrestleuniverse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wrestleuniverse.py
index 145246a14..d401d6d39 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wrestleuniverse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wrestleuniverse.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     jwt_decode_hs256,
     traverse_obj,
     try_call,
+    url_basename,
     url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
     variadic,
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ class WrestleUniverseBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         metadata = self._call_api(video_id, msg='metadata', query={'al': lang or 'ja'}, auth=False, fatal=False)
         if not metadata:
             webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-            nextjs_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)
+            nextjs_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id, fatal=False)
             metadata = traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (
                 'props', 'pageProps', *variadic(props_keys, (str, bytes, dict, set)), {dict})) or {}
         return metadata
@@ -194,8 +195,7 @@ class WrestleUniverseVODIE(WrestleUniverseBaseIE):
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'formats': self._get_formats(video_data, (
-                (('protocolHls', 'url'), ('chromecastUrls', ...)), {url_or_none}), video_id),
+            'formats': self._get_formats(video_data, ('protocolHls', 'url', {url_or_none}), video_id),
             **traverse_obj(metadata, {
                 'title': ('displayName', {str}),
                 'description': ('description', {str}),
@@ -259,6 +259,10 @@ class WrestleUniversePPVIE(WrestleUniverseBaseIE):
         'params': {
             'skip_download': 'm3u8',
         },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'manifest provides live-a (partial) and live-b (full) streams',
+        'url': 'https://www.wrestle-universe.com/en/lives/umc99R9XsexXrxr9VjTo9g',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _API_PATH = 'events'
@@ -285,12 +289,16 @@ class WrestleUniversePPVIE(WrestleUniverseBaseIE):
 
         video_data, decrypt = self._call_encrypted_api(
             video_id, ':watchArchive', 'watch archive', data={'method': 1})
-        info['formats'] = self._get_formats(video_data, (
-            ('hls', None), ('urls', 'chromecastUrls'), ..., {url_or_none}), video_id)
+        # 'chromecastUrls' can be only partial videos, avoid
+        info['formats'] = self._get_formats(video_data, ('hls', (('urls', ...), 'url'), {url_or_none}), video_id)
         for f in info['formats']:
             # bitrates are exaggerated in PPV playlists, so avoid wrong/huge filesize_approx values
             if f.get('tbr'):
                 f['tbr'] = int(f['tbr'] / 2.5)
+            # prefer variants with the same basename as the master playlist to avoid partial streams
+            f['format_id'] = url_basename(f['url']).partition('.')[0]
+            if not f['format_id'].startswith(url_basename(f['manifest_url']).partition('.')[0]):
+                f['preference'] = -10
 
         hls_aes_key = traverse_obj(video_data, ('hls', 'key', {decrypt}))
         if hls_aes_key:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/yandexvideo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/yandexvideo.py
index 4382a5684..95a9446e3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/yandexvideo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/yandexvideo.py
@@ -259,15 +259,15 @@ class ZenYandexIE(InfoExtractor):
             webpage = self._download_webpage(redirect, video_id, note='Redirecting')
         data_json = self._search_json(
             r'("data"\s*:|data\s*=)', webpage, 'metadata', video_id, contains_pattern=r'{["\']_*serverState_*video.+}')
-        serverstate = self._search_regex(r'(_+serverState_+video-site_[^_]+_+)',
-                                         webpage, 'server state').replace('State', 'Settings')
+        serverstate = self._search_regex(r'(_+serverState_+video-site_[^_]+_+)', webpage, 'server state')
         uploader = self._search_regex(r'(<a\s*class=["\']card-channel-link[^"\']+["\'][^>]+>)',
                                       webpage, 'uploader', default='<a>')
         uploader_name = extract_attributes(uploader).get('aria-label')
-        video_json = try_get(data_json, lambda x: x[serverstate]['exportData']['video'], dict)
-        stream_urls = try_get(video_json, lambda x: x['video']['streams'])
+        item_id = traverse_obj(data_json, (serverstate, 'videoViewer', 'openedItemId', {str}))
+        video_json = traverse_obj(data_json, (serverstate, 'videoViewer', 'items', item_id, {dict})) or {}
+
         formats, subtitles = [], {}
-        for s_url in stream_urls:
+        for s_url in traverse_obj(video_json, ('video', 'streams', ..., {url_or_none})):
             ext = determine_ext(s_url)
             if ext == 'mpd':
                 fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(s_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
index 6ee0abcae..6d4e31bf3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
@@ -72,15 +72,15 @@ class YouPornIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '16290308',
             'age_limit': 18,
             'categories': [],
-            'description': 'md5:00ea70f642f431c379763c17c2f396bc',
+            'description': str,  # TODO: detect/remove SEO spam description in ytdl backport
             'display_id': 'tinderspecial-trailer1',
             'duration': 298.0,
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'upload_date': '20201123',
             'uploader': 'Ersties',
             'tags': [],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://fi1.ypncdn.com/202011/23/16290308/original/8/tinderspecial-trailer1-8(m=eaAaaEPbaaaa).jpg',
-            'timestamp': 1606089600,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1606147564,
             'title': 'Tinder In Real Life',
             'view_count': int,
         }
@@ -88,11 +88,17 @@ class YouPornIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'display_id')
-        definitions = self._download_json(
-            f'https://www.youporn.com/api/video/media_definitions/{video_id}/', display_id or video_id)
+        self._set_cookie('.youporn.com', 'age_verified', '1')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.youporn.com/watch/{video_id}', video_id)
+        definitions = self._search_json(r'\bplayervars\s*:', webpage, 'player vars', video_id)['mediaDefinitions']
 
-        def get_format_data(data, f):
-            return traverse_obj(data, lambda _, v: v['format'] == f and url_or_none(v['videoUrl']))
+        def get_format_data(data, stream_type):
+            info_url = traverse_obj(data, (lambda _, v: v['format'] == stream_type, 'videoUrl', {url_or_none}, any))
+            if not info_url:
+                return []
+            return traverse_obj(
+                self._download_json(info_url, video_id, f'Downloading {stream_type} info JSON', fatal=False),
+                lambda _, v: v['format'] == stream_type and url_or_none(v['videoUrl']))
 
         formats = []
         # Try to extract only the actual master m3u8 first, avoiding the duplicate single resolution "master" m3u8s
@@ -123,10 +129,6 @@ class YouPornIE(InfoExtractor):
             f['height'] = height
             formats.append(f)
 
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            'http://www.youporn.com/watch/%s' % video_id, display_id,
-            headers={'Cookie': 'age_verified=1'})
-
         title = self._html_search_regex(
             r'(?s)<div[^>]+class=["\']watchVideoTitle[^>]+>(.+?)</div>',
             webpage, 'title', default=None) or self._og_search_title(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
index c35dd2e37..658a1339f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import base64
 import calendar
 import collections
 import copy
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 import enum
 import hashlib
 import itertools
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     datetime_from_str,
     dict_get,
+    filesize_from_tbr,
     filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     format_field,
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     str_to_int,
     strftime_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_strdate,
@@ -932,10 +934,10 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
     def _parse_time_text(self, text):
         if not text:
             return
-        dt = self.extract_relative_time(text)
+        dt_ = self.extract_relative_time(text)
         timestamp = None
-        if isinstance(dt, datetime.datetime):
-            timestamp = calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple())
+        if isinstance(dt_, dt.datetime):
+            timestamp = calendar.timegm(dt_.timetuple())
 
         if timestamp is None:
             timestamp = (
@@ -3612,8 +3614,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         yt_query = {
             'videoId': video_id,
         }
-        if _split_innertube_client(client)[0] == 'android':
-            yt_query['params'] = 'CgIQBg=='
+        if _split_innertube_client(client)[0] in ('android', 'android_embedscreen'):
+            yt_query['params'] = 'CgIIAQ=='
 
         pp_arg = self._configuration_arg('player_params', [None], casesense=True)[0]
         if pp_arg:
@@ -3844,16 +3846,17 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                             video_id=video_id, only_once=True)
                     throttled = True
 
-            tbr = float_or_none(fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1024)
+            tbr = float_or_none(fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000)
             language_preference = (
                 10 if audio_track.get('audioIsDefault') and 10
                 else -10 if 'descriptive' in (audio_track.get('displayName') or '').lower() and -10
                 else -1)
+            format_duration = traverse_obj(fmt, ('approxDurationMs', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}))
             # Some formats may have much smaller duration than others (possibly damaged during encoding)
             # E.g. 2-nOtRESiUc Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2823
             # Make sure to avoid false positives with small duration differences.
             # E.g. __2ABJjxzNo, ySuUZEjARPY
-            is_damaged = try_get(fmt, lambda x: float(x['approxDurationMs']) / duration < 500)
+            is_damaged = try_call(lambda: format_duration < duration // 2)
             if is_damaged:
                 self.report_warning(
                     f'{video_id}: Some formats are possibly damaged. They will be deprioritized', only_once=True)
@@ -3883,6 +3886,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'quality': q(quality) - bool(fmt.get('isDrc')) / 2,
                 'has_drm': bool(fmt.get('drmFamilies')),
                 'tbr': tbr,
+                'filesize_approx': filesize_from_tbr(tbr, format_duration),
                 'url': fmt_url,
                 'width': int_or_none(fmt.get('width')),
                 'language': join_nonempty(audio_track.get('id', '').split('.')[0],
@@ -4574,7 +4578,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 
         if upload_date and live_status not in ('is_live', 'post_live', 'is_upcoming'):
             # Newly uploaded videos' HLS formats are potentially problematic and need to be checked
-            upload_datetime = datetime_from_str(upload_date).replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+            upload_datetime = datetime_from_str(upload_date).replace(tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc)
             if upload_datetime >= datetime_from_str('today-2days'):
                 for fmt in info['formats']:
                     if fmt.get('protocol') == 'm3u8_native':
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/zattoo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/zattoo.py
index 6bd9ea064..5cc9c5f7a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/zattoo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zattoo.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import re
-from uuid import uuid4
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_str
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class ZattooPlatformBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         self._request_webpage(
             '%s/zapi/v3/session/hello' % self._host_url(), None,
             'Opening session', data=urlencode_postdata({
-                'uuid': compat_str(uuid4()),
+                'uuid': compat_str(uuid.uuid4()),
                 'lang': 'en',
                 'app_version': '1.8.2',
                 'format': 'json',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_curlcffi.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_curlcffi.py
index 39d1f70fb..f2df399e3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_curlcffi.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_curlcffi.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from .exceptions import (
     TransportError,
 )
 from .impersonate import ImpersonateRequestHandler, ImpersonateTarget
-from ..dependencies import curl_cffi
+from ..dependencies import curl_cffi, certifi
 from ..utils import int_or_none
 
 if curl_cffi is None:
@@ -132,6 +132,16 @@ class CurlCFFIRH(ImpersonateRequestHandler, InstanceStoreMixin):
         extensions.pop('cookiejar', None)
         extensions.pop('timeout', None)
 
+    def send(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        target = self._get_request_target(request)
+        try:
+            response = super().send(request)
+        except HTTPError as e:
+            e.response.extensions['impersonate'] = target
+            raise
+        response.extensions['impersonate'] = target
+        return response
+
     def _send(self, request: Request):
         max_redirects_exceeded = False
         session: curl_cffi.requests.Session = self._get_instance(
@@ -156,6 +166,13 @@ class CurlCFFIRH(ImpersonateRequestHandler, InstanceStoreMixin):
                 # See: https://curl.se/libcurl/c/CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL.html
                 session.curl.setopt(CurlOpt.HTTPPROXYTUNNEL, 1)
 
+            # curl_cffi does not currently set these for proxies
+            session.curl.setopt(CurlOpt.PROXY_CAINFO, certifi.where())
+
+            if not self.verify:
+                session.curl.setopt(CurlOpt.PROXY_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0)
+                session.curl.setopt(CurlOpt.PROXY_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0)
+
         headers = self._get_impersonate_headers(request)
 
         if self._client_cert:
@@ -203,7 +220,10 @@ class CurlCFFIRH(ImpersonateRequestHandler, InstanceStoreMixin):
                 max_redirects_exceeded = True
                 curl_response = e.response
 
-            elif e.code == CurlECode.PROXY:
+            elif (
+                e.code == CurlECode.PROXY
+                or (e.code == CurlECode.RECV_ERROR and 'Received HTTP code 407 from proxy after CONNECT' in str(e))
+            ):
                 raise ProxyError(cause=e) from e
             else:
                 raise TransportError(cause=e) from e
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_helper.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_helper.py
index d79dd7953..8e678b26a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_helper.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_helper.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import contextlib
 import functools
+import os
 import socket
 import ssl
 import sys
@@ -121,6 +122,9 @@ def make_ssl_context(
     context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
     context.check_hostname = verify
     context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if verify else ssl.CERT_NONE
+    # OpenSSL 1.1.1+ Python 3.8+ keylog file
+    if hasattr(context, 'keylog_filename'):
+        context.keylog_filename = os.environ.get('SSLKEYLOGFILE') or None
 
     # Some servers may reject requests if ALPN extension is not sent. See:
     # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/85140
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/common.py b/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
index b8c6a62c0..a2217034c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
@@ -463,9 +463,10 @@ class Request:
         else:
             raise TypeError('headers must be a mapping')
 
-    def update(self, url=None, data=None, headers=None, query=None):
+    def update(self, url=None, data=None, headers=None, query=None, extensions=None):
         self.data = data if data is not None else self.data
         self.headers.update(headers or {})
+        self.extensions.update(extensions or {})
         self.url = update_url_query(url or self.url, query or {})
 
     def copy(self):
@@ -496,6 +497,7 @@ class Response(io.IOBase):
     @param headers: response headers.
     @param status: Response HTTP status code. Default is 200 OK.
     @param reason: HTTP status reason. Will use built-in reasons based on status code if not provided.
+    @param extensions: Dictionary of handler-specific response extensions.
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -504,7 +506,9 @@ class Response(io.IOBase):
             url: str,
             headers: Mapping[str, str],
             status: int = 200,
-            reason: str = None):
+            reason: str = None,
+            extensions: dict = None
+    ):
 
         self.fp = fp
         self.headers = Message()
@@ -516,6 +520,7 @@ class Response(io.IOBase):
             self.reason = reason or HTTPStatus(status).phrase
         except ValueError:
             self.reason = None
+        self.extensions = extensions or {}
 
     def readable(self):
         return self.fp.readable()
diff --git a/yt_dlp/options.py b/yt_dlp/options.py
index dac56dc1f..faa1ee563 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/options.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/options.py
@@ -691,6 +691,10 @@ def create_parser():
         '--break-on-existing',
         action='store_true', dest='break_on_existing', default=False,
         help='Stop the download process when encountering a file that is in the archive')
+    selection.add_option(
+        '--no-break-on-existing',
+        action='store_false', dest='break_on_existing',
+        help='Do not stop the download process when encountering a file that is in the archive (default)')
     selection.add_option(
         '--break-on-reject',
         action='store_true', dest='break_on_reject', default=False,
@@ -1254,6 +1258,10 @@ def create_parser():
             'the progress attributes are accessible under "progress" key. E.g. '
             # TODO: Document the fields inside "progress"
             '--console-title --progress-template "download-title:%(info.id)s-%(progress.eta)s"'))
+    verbosity.add_option(
+        '--progress-delta',
+        metavar='SECONDS', action='store', dest='progress_delta', type=float, default=0,
+        help='Time between progress output (default: 0)')
     verbosity.add_option(
         '-v', '--verbose',
         action='store_true', dest='verbose', default=False,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/update.py b/yt_dlp/update.py
index db50cfa6b..ca70f69a7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/update.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/update.py
@@ -69,6 +69,10 @@ def _get_variant_and_executable_path():
             # Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples
             if machine[1:] in ('x86', 'x86_64', 'amd64', 'i386', 'i686'):
                 machine = '_x86' if platform.architecture()[0][:2] == '32' else ''
+            # sys.executable returns a /tmp/ path for staticx builds (linux_static)
+            # Ref: https://staticx.readthedocs.io/en/latest/usage.html#run-time-information
+            if static_exe_path := os.getenv('STATICX_PROG_PATH'):
+                path = static_exe_path
         return f'{remove_end(sys.platform, "32")}{machine}_exe', path
 
     path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
@@ -114,7 +118,7 @@ _NON_UPDATEABLE_REASONS = {
     **{variant: f'Auto-update is not supported for unpackaged {name} executable; Re-download the latest release'
        for variant, name in {'win32_dir': 'Windows', 'darwin_dir': 'MacOS', 'linux_dir': 'Linux'}.items()},
     'source': 'You cannot update when running from source code; Use git to pull the latest changes',
-    'unknown': 'You installed yt-dlp with a package manager or setup.py; Use that to update',
+    'unknown': 'You installed yt-dlp from a manual build or with a package manager; Use that to update',
     'other': 'You are using an unofficial build of yt-dlp; Build the executable again',
 }
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
index 9efeb6a1c..b63766912 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import codecs
 import collections
 import collections.abc
 import contextlib
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 import email.header
 import email.utils
 import errno
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ from ..compat import (
     compat_expanduser,
     compat_HTMLParseError,
     compat_os_name,
-    compat_shlex_quote,
 )
 from ..dependencies import xattr
 
@@ -836,9 +835,11 @@ class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
 
         if shell and compat_os_name == 'nt' and kwargs.get('executable') is None:
             if not isinstance(args, str):
-                args = ' '.join(compat_shlex_quote(a) for a in args)
+                args = shell_quote(args, shell=True)
             shell = False
-            args = f'{self.__comspec()} /Q /S /D /V:OFF /C "{args}"'
+            # Set variable for `cmd.exe` newline escaping (see `utils.shell_quote`)
+            env['='] = '"^\n\n"'
+            args = f'{self.__comspec()} /Q /S /D /V:OFF /E:ON /C "{args}"'
 
         super().__init__(args, *remaining, env=env, shell=shell, **kwargs, startupinfo=self._startupinfo)
 
@@ -1150,14 +1151,14 @@ def extract_timezone(date_str):
         timezone = TIMEZONE_NAMES.get(m and m.group('tz').strip())
         if timezone is not None:
             date_str = date_str[:-len(m.group('tz'))]
-        timezone = datetime.timedelta(hours=timezone or 0)
+        timezone = dt.timedelta(hours=timezone or 0)
     else:
         date_str = date_str[:-len(m.group('tz'))]
         if not m.group('sign'):
-            timezone = datetime.timedelta()
+            timezone = dt.timedelta()
         else:
             sign = 1 if m.group('sign') == '+' else -1
-            timezone = datetime.timedelta(
+            timezone = dt.timedelta(
                 hours=sign * int(m.group('hours')),
                 minutes=sign * int(m.group('minutes')))
     return timezone, date_str
@@ -1176,8 +1177,8 @@ def parse_iso8601(date_str, delimiter='T', timezone=None):
 
     with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
         date_format = f'%Y-%m-%d{delimiter}%H:%M:%S'
-        dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, date_format) - timezone
-        return calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple())
+        dt_ = dt.datetime.strptime(date_str, date_format) - timezone
+        return calendar.timegm(dt_.timetuple())
 
 
 def date_formats(day_first=True):
@@ -1198,12 +1199,12 @@ def unified_strdate(date_str, day_first=True):
 
     for expression in date_formats(day_first):
         with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
-            upload_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, expression).strftime('%Y%m%d')
+            upload_date = dt.datetime.strptime(date_str, expression).strftime('%Y%m%d')
     if upload_date is None:
         timetuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(date_str)
         if timetuple:
             with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
-                upload_date = datetime.datetime(*timetuple[:6]).strftime('%Y%m%d')
+                upload_date = dt.datetime(*timetuple[:6]).strftime('%Y%m%d')
     if upload_date is not None:
         return str(upload_date)
 
@@ -1233,8 +1234,8 @@ def unified_timestamp(date_str, day_first=True):
 
     for expression in date_formats(day_first):
         with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
-            dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, expression) - timezone + datetime.timedelta(hours=pm_delta)
-            return calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple())
+            dt_ = dt.datetime.strptime(date_str, expression) - timezone + dt.timedelta(hours=pm_delta)
+            return calendar.timegm(dt_.timetuple())
 
     timetuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(date_str)
     if timetuple:
@@ -1272,11 +1273,11 @@ def datetime_from_str(date_str, precision='auto', format='%Y%m%d'):
     if precision == 'auto':
         auto_precision = True
         precision = 'microsecond'
-    today = datetime_round(datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc), precision)
+    today = datetime_round(dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc), precision)
     if date_str in ('now', 'today'):
         return today
     if date_str == 'yesterday':
-        return today - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+        return today - dt.timedelta(days=1)
     match = re.match(
         r'(?P<start>.+)(?P<sign>[+-])(?P<time>\d+)(?P<unit>microsecond|second|minute|hour|day|week|month|year)s?',
         date_str)
@@ -1291,13 +1292,13 @@ def datetime_from_str(date_str, precision='auto', format='%Y%m%d'):
             if unit == 'week':
                 unit = 'day'
                 time *= 7
-            delta = datetime.timedelta(**{unit + 's': time})
+            delta = dt.timedelta(**{unit + 's': time})
             new_date = start_time + delta
         if auto_precision:
             return datetime_round(new_date, unit)
         return new_date
 
-    return datetime_round(datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, format), precision)
+    return datetime_round(dt.datetime.strptime(date_str, format), precision)
 
 
 def date_from_str(date_str, format='%Y%m%d', strict=False):
@@ -1312,21 +1313,21 @@ def date_from_str(date_str, format='%Y%m%d', strict=False):
     return datetime_from_str(date_str, precision='microsecond', format=format).date()
 
 
-def datetime_add_months(dt, months):
+def datetime_add_months(dt_, months):
     """Increment/Decrement a datetime object by months."""
-    month = dt.month + months - 1
-    year = dt.year + month // 12
+    month = dt_.month + months - 1
+    year = dt_.year + month // 12
     month = month % 12 + 1
-    day = min(dt.day, calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1])
-    return dt.replace(year, month, day)
+    day = min(dt_.day, calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1])
+    return dt_.replace(year, month, day)
 
 
-def datetime_round(dt, precision='day'):
+def datetime_round(dt_, precision='day'):
     """
     Round a datetime object's time to a specific precision
     """
     if precision == 'microsecond':
-        return dt
+        return dt_
 
     unit_seconds = {
         'day': 86400,
@@ -1335,8 +1336,8 @@ def datetime_round(dt, precision='day'):
         'second': 1,
     }
     roundto = lambda x, n: ((x + n / 2) // n) * n
-    timestamp = roundto(calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple()), unit_seconds[precision])
-    return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, datetime.timezone.utc)
+    timestamp = roundto(calendar.timegm(dt_.timetuple()), unit_seconds[precision])
+    return dt.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, dt.timezone.utc)
 
 
 def hyphenate_date(date_str):
@@ -1357,11 +1358,11 @@ class DateRange:
         if start is not None:
             self.start = date_from_str(start, strict=True)
         else:
-            self.start = datetime.datetime.min.date()
+            self.start = dt.datetime.min.date()
         if end is not None:
             self.end = date_from_str(end, strict=True)
         else:
-            self.end = datetime.datetime.max.date()
+            self.end = dt.datetime.max.date()
         if self.start > self.end:
             raise ValueError('Date range: "%s" , the start date must be before the end date' % self)
 
@@ -1372,7 +1373,7 @@ class DateRange:
 
     def __contains__(self, date):
         """Check if the date is in the range"""
-        if not isinstance(date, datetime.date):
+        if not isinstance(date, dt.date):
             date = date_from_str(date)
         return self.start <= date <= self.end
 
@@ -1637,15 +1638,31 @@ def get_filesystem_encoding():
     return encoding if encoding is not None else 'utf-8'
 
 
-def shell_quote(args):
-    quoted_args = []
-    encoding = get_filesystem_encoding()
-    for a in args:
-        if isinstance(a, bytes):
-            # We may get a filename encoded with 'encodeFilename'
-            a = a.decode(encoding)
-        quoted_args.append(compat_shlex_quote(a))
-    return ' '.join(quoted_args)
+_WINDOWS_QUOTE_TRANS = str.maketrans({'"': R'\"'})
+_CMD_QUOTE_TRANS = str.maketrans({
+    # Keep quotes balanced by replacing them with `""` instead of `\\"`
+    '"': '""',
+    # These require an env-variable `=` containing `"^\n\n"` (set in `utils.Popen`)
+    # `=` should be unique since variables containing `=` cannot be set using cmd
+    '\n': '%=%',
+    '\r': '%=%',
+    # Use zero length variable replacement so `%` doesn't get expanded
+    # `cd` is always set as long as extensions are enabled (`/E:ON` in `utils.Popen`)
+    '%': '%%cd:~,%',
+})
+
+
+def shell_quote(args, *, shell=False):
+    args = list(variadic(args))
+
+    if compat_os_name != 'nt':
+        return shlex.join(args)
+
+    trans = _CMD_QUOTE_TRANS if shell else _WINDOWS_QUOTE_TRANS
+    return ' '.join(
+        s if re.fullmatch(r'[\w#$*\-+./:?@\\]+', s, re.ASCII)
+        else re.sub(r'(\\+)("|$)', r'\1\1\2', s).translate(trans).join('""')
+        for s in args)
 
 
 def smuggle_url(url, data):
@@ -1996,12 +2013,12 @@ def strftime_or_none(timestamp, date_format='%Y%m%d', default=None):
         if isinstance(timestamp, (int, float)):  # unix timestamp
             # Using naive datetime here can break timestamp() in Windows
             # Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5185, https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/94414
-            # Also, datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp breaks for negative timestamps
+            # Also, dt.datetime.fromtimestamp breaks for negative timestamps
             # Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6706#issuecomment-1496842642
-            datetime_object = (datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(0, datetime.timezone.utc)
-                               + datetime.timedelta(seconds=timestamp))
+            datetime_object = (dt.datetime.fromtimestamp(0, dt.timezone.utc)
+                               + dt.timedelta(seconds=timestamp))
         elif isinstance(timestamp, str):  # assume YYYYMMDD
-            datetime_object = datetime.datetime.strptime(timestamp, '%Y%m%d')
+            datetime_object = dt.datetime.strptime(timestamp, '%Y%m%d')
         date_format = re.sub(  # Support %s on windows
             r'(?<!%)(%%)*%s', rf'\g<1>{int(datetime_object.timestamp())}', date_format)
         return datetime_object.strftime(date_format)
@@ -2849,7 +2866,7 @@ def ytdl_is_updateable():
 
 def args_to_str(args):
     # Get a short string representation for a subprocess command
-    return ' '.join(compat_shlex_quote(a) for a in args)
+    return shell_quote(args)
 
 
 def error_to_str(err):
@@ -4490,10 +4507,10 @@ def write_xattr(path, key, value):
 
 
 def random_birthday(year_field, month_field, day_field):
-    start_date = datetime.date(1950, 1, 1)
-    end_date = datetime.date(1995, 12, 31)
+    start_date = dt.date(1950, 1, 1)
+    end_date = dt.date(1995, 12, 31)
     offset = random.randint(0, (end_date - start_date).days)
-    random_date = start_date + datetime.timedelta(offset)
+    random_date = start_date + dt.timedelta(offset)
     return {
         year_field: str(random_date.year),
         month_field: str(random_date.month),
@@ -4672,7 +4689,7 @@ def time_seconds(**kwargs):
     """
     Returns TZ-aware time in seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)
     """
-    return time.time() + datetime.timedelta(**kwargs).total_seconds()
+    return time.time() + dt.timedelta(**kwargs).total_seconds()
 
 
 # create a JSON Web Signature (jws) with HS256 algorithm
@@ -5415,6 +5432,17 @@ class FormatSorter:
         return tuple(self._calculate_field_preference(format, field) for field in self._order)
 
 
+def filesize_from_tbr(tbr, duration):
+    """
+    @param tbr:      Total bitrate in kbps (1000 bits/sec)
+    @param duration: Duration in seconds
+    @returns         Filesize in bytes
+    """
+    if tbr is None or duration is None:
+        return None
+    return int(duration * tbr * (1000 / 8))
+
+
 # XXX: Temporary
 class _YDLLogger:
     def __init__(self, ydl=None):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py b/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
index 8938f4c78..96eb2eddf 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import collections.abc
 import contextlib
+import http.cookies
 import inspect
 import itertools
 import re
@@ -28,7 +29,8 @@ def traverse_obj(
 
     Each of the provided `paths` is tested and the first producing a valid result will be returned.
     The next path will also be tested if the path branched but no results could be found.
-    Supported values for traversal are `Mapping`, `Iterable` and `re.Match`.
+    Supported values for traversal are `Mapping`, `Iterable`, `re.Match`,
+    `xml.etree.ElementTree` (xpath) and `http.cookies.Morsel`.
     Unhelpful values (`{}`, `None`) are treated as the absence of a value and discarded.
 
     The paths will be wrapped in `variadic`, so that `'key'` is conveniently the same as `('key', )`.
@@ -36,8 +38,8 @@ def traverse_obj(
     The keys in the path can be one of:
         - `None`:           Return the current object.
         - `set`:            Requires the only item in the set to be a type or function,
-                            like `{type}`/`{func}`. If a `type`, returns only values
-                            of this type. If a function, returns `func(obj)`.
+                            like `{type}`/`{type, type, ...}/`{func}`. If a `type`, return only
+                            values of this type. If a function, returns `func(obj)`.
         - `str`/`int`:      Return `obj[key]`. For `re.Match`, return `obj.group(key)`.
         - `slice`:          Branch out and return all values in `obj[key]`.
         - `Ellipsis`:       Branch out and return a list of all values.
@@ -48,8 +50,10 @@ def traverse_obj(
                             For `Iterable`s, `key` is the index of the value.
                             For `re.Match`es, `key` is the group number (0 = full match)
                             as well as additionally any group names, if given.
-        - `dict`            Transform the current object and return a matching dict.
+        - `dict`:           Transform the current object and return a matching dict.
                             Read as: `{key: traverse_obj(obj, path) for key, path in dct.items()}`.
+        - `any`-builtin:    Take the first matching object and return it, resetting branching.
+        - `all`-builtin:    Take all matching objects and return them as a list, resetting branching.
 
         `tuple`, `list`, and `dict` all support nested paths and branches.
 
@@ -102,10 +106,10 @@ def traverse_obj(
             result = obj
 
         elif isinstance(key, set):
-            assert len(key) == 1, 'Set should only be used to wrap a single item'
             item = next(iter(key))
-            if isinstance(item, type):
-                if isinstance(obj, item):
+            if len(key) > 1 or isinstance(item, type):
+                assert all(isinstance(item, type) for item in key)
+                if isinstance(obj, tuple(key)):
                     result = obj
             else:
                 result = try_call(item, args=(obj,))
@@ -117,6 +121,8 @@ def traverse_obj(
 
         elif key is ...:
             branching = True
+            if isinstance(obj, http.cookies.Morsel):
+                obj = dict(obj, key=obj.key, value=obj.value)
             if isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Mapping):
                 result = obj.values()
             elif is_iterable_like(obj) or isinstance(obj, xml.etree.ElementTree.Element):
@@ -131,6 +137,8 @@ def traverse_obj(
 
         elif callable(key):
             branching = True
+            if isinstance(obj, http.cookies.Morsel):
+                obj = dict(obj, key=obj.key, value=obj.value)
             if isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Mapping):
                 iter_obj = obj.items()
             elif is_iterable_like(obj) or isinstance(obj, xml.etree.ElementTree.Element):
@@ -157,6 +165,8 @@ def traverse_obj(
             } or None
 
         elif isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Mapping):
+            if isinstance(obj, http.cookies.Morsel):
+                obj = dict(obj, key=obj.key, value=obj.value)
             result = (try_call(obj.get, args=(key,)) if casesense or try_call(obj.__contains__, args=(key,)) else
                       next((v for k, v in obj.items() if casefold(k) == key), None))
 
@@ -179,7 +189,7 @@ def traverse_obj(
 
         elif isinstance(obj, xml.etree.ElementTree.Element) and isinstance(key, str):
             xpath, _, special = key.rpartition('/')
-            if not special.startswith('@') and special != 'text()':
+            if not special.startswith('@') and not special.endswith('()'):
                 xpath = key
                 special = None
 
@@ -198,7 +208,7 @@ def traverse_obj(
                     return try_call(element.attrib.get, args=(special[1:],))
                 if special == 'text()':
                     return element.text
-                assert False, f'apply_specials is missing case for {special!r}'
+                raise SyntaxError(f'apply_specials is missing case for {special!r}')
 
             if xpath:
                 result = list(map(apply_specials, obj.iterfind(xpath)))
@@ -228,6 +238,15 @@ def traverse_obj(
             if not casesense and isinstance(key, str):
                 key = key.casefold()
 
+            if key in (any, all):
+                has_branched = False
+                filtered_objs = (obj for obj in objs if obj not in (None, {}))
+                if key is any:
+                    objs = (next(filtered_objs, None),)
+                else:
+                    objs = (list(filtered_objs),)
+                continue
+
             if __debug__ and callable(key):
                 # Verify function signature
                 inspect.signature(key).bind(None, None)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/version.py b/yt_dlp/version.py
index 68c3f00e8..22c2c048d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/version.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/version.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Autogenerated by devscripts/update-version.py
 
-__version__ = '2024.03.10'
+__version__ = '2024.04.09'
 
-RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = '615a84447e8322720be77a0e64298d7f42848693'
+RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = 'ff07792676f404ffff6ee61b5638c9dc1a33a37a'
 
 VARIANT = None
 
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ CHANNEL = 'stable'
 
 ORIGIN = 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp'
 
-_pkg_version = '2024.03.10'
+_pkg_version = '2024.04.09'