iodine/README

iodine - http://code.kryo.se/iodine

***********************************

This is a piece of software that lets you tunnel IPv4 data through a DNS
server. This can be usable in different situations where internet access is
firewalled, but DNS queries are allowed.


QUICKSTART:

Try it out within your own LAN! Follow these simple steps:
- On your server, run: ./iodined -f 10.0.0.1 test.asdf
  (If you already use the 10.0.0.0 network, use another internal net like 
  172.16.0.0)
- Enter a password
- On the client, run: ./iodine -f 192.168.0.1 test.asdf
  (Replace 192.168.0.1 with the server's ip address)
- Enter the same password
- Now the client has the tunnel ip 10.0.0.2 and the server has 10.0.0.1
- Try pinging each other through the tunnel
- Done! :)
To actually use it through a relaying nameserver, see below.


HOW TO USE:

Server side:
To use this tunnel, you need control over a real domain (like mytunnel.com),
and a server with a public IP number. If the server already runs a DNS
server, change the listening port and then use the -b option to let
iodined forward the DNS requests. Then, delegate a subdomain 
(say, tunnel1.mytunnel.com) to the server. If you use BIND for the domain, 
add these lines to the zone file:

tunnel1host	IN	A	10.15.213.99
tunnel1		IN	NS	tunnel1host.mytunnel.com.

Do not use CNAME instead of A above.
If your server has a dynamic IP, use a dynamic dns provider:

tunnel1         IN      NS      tunnel1host.mydyndnsprovider.com

Now any DNS querys for domains ending with tunnel1.mytunnnel.com will be sent
to your server. Start iodined on the server. The first argument is the tunnel
IP address (like 192.168.99.1) and the second is the assigned domain (in this
case tunnel1.mytunnel.com). The -f argument will keep iodined running in the
foreground, which helps when testing. iodined will start a virtual interface,
and also start listening for DNS queries on UDP port 53. Either enter a
password on the commandline (-P pass) or after the server has started. Now 
everything is ready for the client.

Client side: 
All the setup is done, just start iodine. It takes up to two arguments, the
first is the local relaying DNS server (optional) and the second is the domain
used (tunnel1.mytunnnel.com). If DNS queries are allowed to any computer, you
can use the tunnel endpoint (example: 10.15.213.99 or tunnel1host.mytunnel.com)
as the first argument. The tunnel interface will get an IP close to the servers
(in this case 192.168.99.2) and a suitable MTU.  Enter the same password as on
the server either by argument or after the client has started. Now you should
be able to ping the other end of the tunnel from either side.  


MISC. INFO:

Routing:
The normal case is to route all traffic through the DNS tunnel. To do this, first
add a route to the nameserver you use with the default gateway as gateway. Then
replace the default gateway with the servers IP address within the DNS tunnel,
and configure the server to do NAT.

The DNS-response fragment size is normally autoprobed to get maximum bandwidth.
To force a specific value (and speed things up), use the -m option.

The iodined server replies to NS requests sent for subdomains of the tunnel
domain. If your domain is tunnel.com, send a NS request for foo.tunnel.com
to see if the delegation works. dig is a good tool for this:
dig -t NS foo123.tunnel.com

The upstream data is sent gzipped encoded with Base32, or Base64 if the relay
server support '+' in domain names. DNS protocol allows one query per packet,
and one query can be max 256 chars. Each domain name part can be max 63 chars.
So your domain name and subdomain should be as short as possible to allow
maximum upstream throughput.

The default is to use DNS NULL-type queries, as this provides the largest
downstream bandwidth. If your DNS server blocks NULL requests, try TXT or
CNAME queries via the -T option. Also supported are A (returning CNAME) and
MX requests, but these may/will cause additional lookups by "smart" caching
nameservers to get an actual IP address, which may either slow down or fail
completely. DNS responses for non-NULL are Base32 encoded by default, which
should always work. For more bandwidth, try Base64 or Raw (TXT only) via the
-O option. If Base64/Raw doesn't work, you'll see many failures in the
fragment size autoprobe.

If you have problems, try inspecting the traffic with network monitoring tools
and make sure that the relaying DNS server has not cached the response. A
cached error message could mean that you started the client before the server.
The -D (and -DD) option on the server can also show received and sent queries.


TIPS & TRICKS:

If your port 53 is taken on a specific interface by an application that does 
not use it, use -p on iodined to specify an alternate port (like -p 5353) and 
use for instance iptables (on Linux) to forward the traffic:
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p udp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to :5353
(Sent in by Tom Schouten)

Iodined will reject data from clients that have not been active (data/pings)
for more than 60 seconds. In case of a long network outage or similar, just
stop iodine and restart (re-login), possibly multiple times until you get
your old IP address back. Once that's done, just wait a while, and you'll
eventually see the tunneled TCP traffic continue to flow from where it left
off before the outage.


PORTABILITY:

iodine has been tested on Linux (arm, ia64, x86, AMD64 and SPARC64), FreeBSD
(ia64, x86), OpenBSD (x86), NetBSD (x86), MacOS X (ppc and x86, with
http://tuntaposx.sourceforge.net/). and Windows (with OpenVPN TAP32 driver, see
win32 readme file).  It should be easy to port to other unix-like systems that
has TUN/TAP tunneling support. Let us know if you get it to run on other
platforms. 


THE NAME:

The name iodine was chosen since it starts with IOD (IP Over DNS) and since
iodine has atomic number 53, which happens to be the DNS port number.


THANKS:

- To kuxien for FreeBSD and OS X testing
- To poplix for code audit


AUTHORS & LICENSE:

Copyright (c) 2006-2009 Bjorn Andersson <flex@kryo.se>, Erik Ekman <yarrick@kryo.se>

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any purpose
with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice
and this permission notice appear in all copies.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.


MD5 implementation by L. Peter Deutsch (license and source in src/md5.[ch])
Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2002 Aladdin Enterprises.  All rights reserved.