nnn/README.md

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## nnn
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Noice is Not Noice, a noicer fork...
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<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/jarun/nnn/releases/latest"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/release/jarun/nnn.svg?maxAge=600" alt="Latest release" /></a>
<a href="http://formulae.brew.sh/formula/nnn"><img src="https://img.shields.io/homebrew/v/nnn.svg?maxAge=600" alt="Homebrew" /></a>
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<a href="https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/x86_64/nnn/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/archlinux-rolling-blue.svg?maxAge=600" alt="Arch Linux" /></a>
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<a href="https://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=nnn&searchon=names&exact=1"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/debian-10+-blue.svg?maxAge=2592000" alt="Debian Buster+" /></a>
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<a href="https://apps.fedoraproject.org/packages/nnn"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/fedora-27+-blue.svg?maxAge=2592000" alt="Fedora 27+" /></a>
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<a href="https://software.opensuse.org/package/nnn"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/opensuse%20leap-15.0+-blue.svg?maxAge=2592000" alt="openSUSE Leap 15.0+" /></a>
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<a href="https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=nnn&searchon=names&exact=1"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/ubuntu-17.10+-blue.svg?maxAge=2592000" alt="Ubuntu Artful+" /></a>
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</p>
<p align="center">
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<a href="https://travis-ci.org/jarun/nnn"><img src="https://img.shields.io/travis/jarun/nnn/master.svg" alt="Build Status" /></a>
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<a href="https://github.com/jarun/nnn/blob/master/LICENSE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-BSD%202--Clause-yellow.svg?maxAge=2592000" alt="License" /></a>
</p>
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[![nnn screencast](https://i.imgur.com/wNtI24c.jpg)](https://vimeo.com/233223942 "Click to see nnn in action!")
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<p align="center"><i>nnn in action! (click to play video)</i></a></p>
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`nnn` is probably the [fastest and most resource-sensitive](#performance) file manager you have ever used. It integrates seamlessly with your DE and favourite GUI utilities, has a unique [navigate-as-you-type](#navigate-as-you-type-mode) mode with auto-select, disk usage analyzer mode, bookmarks, contexts, application launcher, familiar navigation shortcuts, subshell spawning and much more.
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[Integrate utilities](https://github.com/jarun/nnn#sample-scripts) like sxiv or fzy easily; `nnn` supports as many scripts as you need!
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It runs on Linux, OS X, Raspberry Pi, Cygwin, Linux subsystem for Windows and Termux.
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[Quickstart](#quickstart) and see how `nnn` simplifies those long desktop sessions... Missing a feature? Want to contribute? Head to the rolling [ToDo list](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/issues/110).
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*Love smart and efficient utilities? Explore [my repositories](https://github.com/jarun?tab=repositories). Buy me a cup of coffee if they help you.*
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<p align="center">
<a href="https://saythanks.io/to/jarun"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/say-thanks!-ff69b4.svg" /></a>
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<a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=RMLTQ76JSXJ4Q"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/PayPal-donate-green.svg" alt="Donate via PayPal!" /></a>
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</p>
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### Table of Contents
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- [Features](#features)
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- [Performance](#performance)
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- [Installation](#installation)
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- [Dependencies](#dependencies)
- [From a package manager](#from-a-package-manager)
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- [Release packages](#release-packages)
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- [From source](#from-source)
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- [Shell completion](#shell-completion)
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- [Usage](#usage)
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- [Cmdline options](#cmdline-options)
- [Keyboard shortcuts](#keyboard-shortcuts)
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- [Key prompt](#key-prompt)
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- [Contexts](#contexts)
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- [Filters](#filters)
- [Navigate-as-you-type mode](#navigate-as-you-type-mode)
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- [File indicators](#file-indicators)
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- [File handling](#file-handling)
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- [Help](#help)
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- [Quickstart](#quickstart)
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- [How to](#how-to)
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- [add bookmarks](#add-bookmarks)
- [copy file paths](#copy-file-paths)
- [selection shortcuts](#selection-shortcuts)
- [default copy](#default-copy)
- [to clipboard](#to-clipboard)
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- [copy, move, delete files](#copy-move-delete-files)
- [cd on quit](#cd-on-quit)
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- [run custom scripts](#run-custom-scripts)
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- [sample scripts](#sample-scripts)
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- [change dir color](#change-dir-color)
- [integrate patool](#integrate-patool)
- [work faster at rename prompt](#work-faster-at-rename-prompt)
- [set idle timeout](#set-idle-timeout)
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- [show hot plugged drives](#show-hot-plugged-drives)
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- [tmux config](#tmux-config)
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- [Why fork?](#why-fork)
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- [Mentions](#mentions)
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- [Developers](#developers)
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### Features
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- Modes - basic, detail (default), disk usage analyzer (du)
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- Navigation
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- Familiar, easy shortcuts (arrows, `~`, `-`, `&`)
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- *Navigate-as-you-type* mode with dir auto-select for the maverick
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- Handy bookmarks, start at bookmark, pin and visit directory
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- Multiple contexts
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- Roll-over at edges, page through entries
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- Show directories in custom color (default: enabled in blue)
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- Sorting
- Directories always listed on top
- Sort by file name, modification time, size
- Numeric order (1, 2, ... 10, 11, ...) for numeric names
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- Search
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- Superfast directory content filtering with *search-as-you-type*
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- Mimes
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- Open with desktop opener (default) or specify a custom app
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- Create, list and extract archives (needs atool/patool)
- Optionally open text files in EDITOR (fallback vi)
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- Information
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- Detailed stat-like file information
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- Media information (needs mediainfo or exiftool, if specified)
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- Convenience
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- Create, rename files and directories
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- Batch rename/move/delete current directory entries in vidir (from moreutils)
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- Spawn SHELL (fallback sh) in the current directory
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- Run custom scripts in the current directory
- Copy absolute file paths with quotes
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- Change directory at exit (*easy* shell integration)
- Open any file in EDITOR (fallback vi) or PAGER (fallback less)
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- GUI app launcher (maximum 2 space-separated arguments)
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- Terminal screensaver/locker integration
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- Unicode support
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- Highly optimized code, minimal resource usage
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### Performance
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`nnn` vs. ncdu memory usage in disk usage analyzer mode (400K files on disk):
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<pre>
PID USER PR NI VIRT <b>RES</b> SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
5034 vaio 20 0 71628 <b>59932</b> 2412 S 0.0 0.7 0:01.22 ncdu /
4949 vaio 20 0 14812 <b>3616</b> 2560 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.83 nnn -S /
</pre>
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`nnn` vs. midnight commander vs. ranger memory usage while viewing a directory with 13.5K files, sorted by size:
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<pre>
PID USER PR NI VIRT <b>RES</b> SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
31885 vaio 20 0 139720 <b>91220</b> 8460 S 0.0 1.1 0:02.96 /usr/bin/python -O /usr/bin/ranger
30108 vaio 20 0 72152 <b>12468</b> 7336 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.06 mc
30168 vaio 20 0 16476 <b>5072</b> 2640 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.22 nnn -c 1 -i
</pre>
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Intrigued? Find out [HOW](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/wiki/performance-factors).
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### Installation
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#### Dependencies
`nnn` needs libncursesw (on Linux or ncurses on OS X) and standard libc.
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#### From a package manager
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- [Arch Linux](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/x86_64/nnn/) (`pacman -S nnn`)
- [Debian](https://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=nnn&searchon=names&exact=1) (`apt-get install nnn`)
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- [Fedora](https://apps.fedoraproject.org/packages/nnn) (`dnf install nnn`)
- [FreeBSD](https://www.freshports.org/misc/nnn) (`pkg install nnn`)
- [Gentoo](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-misc/nnn) (`emerge nnn`)
- [Homebrew](http://formulae.brew.sh/formula/nnn) (`brew install nnn`)
- [NixOS](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/pkgs/applications/misc/nnn) (`nix-env -i nnn`)
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- [OpenBSD](https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/ports/sysutils/nnn/) (`pkg_add nnn`)
- [openSUSE](https://software.opensuse.org/package/nnn) (and packages for several other distros) (`zypper in nnn`)
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- [Raspbian Testing](https://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian/pool/main/n/nnn/) (`apt-get install nnn`)
- [Slackware](http://slackbuilds.org/repository/14.2/system/nnn/) (`slackpkg install nnn`)
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- [Source Mage](http://codex.sourcemage.org/test/shell-term-fm/nnn/) (`cast nnn`)
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- [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-packages/tree/master/packages/nnn) (`pkg in nnn`)
- [Ubuntu](https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=nnn&searchon=names&exact=1) (`apt-get install nnn`)
- [Ubuntu PPA](https://launchpad.net/~twodopeshaggy/+archive/ubuntu/jarun/) (`apt-get install nnn`)
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- [Void Linux](https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/tree/master/srcpkgs/nnn) (`xbps-install -S nnn`)
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#### Release packages
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Packages for Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Fedora and Ubuntu are available with the [latest stable release](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/releases/latest).
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#### From source
To cook yourself, download the [latest stable release](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/releases/latest) or clone this repository (*risky*). Then install the dependencies and compile (e.g. on Ubuntu 16.04):
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$ sudo apt-get install pkg-config libncursesw5-dev
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$ make
$ sudo make install
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`PREFIX` is supported, in case you want to install to a different location.
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### Shell completion
Search keyword and option completion scripts for Bash, Fish and Zsh can be found in respective subdirectories of [`scripts/auto-completion/`](scripts/auto-completion). Please refer to your shell's manual for installation instructions.
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### Usage
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#### Cmdline options
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```
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usage: nnn [-b key] [-c N] [-e] [-i] [-l]
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[-S] [-v] [-h] [PATH]
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The missing terminal file manager for X.
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positional args:
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PATH start dir [default: current dir]
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optional args:
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-b key bookmark key to open
-c N dir color, disables if N>7
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-e use exiftool instead of mediainfo
-i start in navigate-as-you-type mode
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-l start in light mode
-S start in disk usage analyser mode
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-v show program version
-h show this help
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```
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`>` indicates the currently selected entry in `nnn`.
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#### Keyboard shortcuts
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```
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Key Function
----
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↑, k, ^P Up
↓, j, ^N Down
PgUp, ^U Scroll up
PgDn, ^D Scroll down
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Home, g, ^, ^A First entry
End, G, $, ^E Last entry
→, ↵, l, ^M Open file/enter dir
←, Bksp, h, ^H Parent dir
^O Open with...
Insert, ^I Toggle nav-as-you-type
~ Go HOME
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& Start dir
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- Last visited dir
/ Filter entries
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. Toggle show hidden
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^B Key prompt
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b Pin current dir
^V Go to pinned dir
d Toggle detail view
D File details
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m, M Brief/full media info
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n Create new
^R Rename entry
r Open dir in vidir
s Toggle sort by size
S Toggle apparent size
^J Toggle du mode
t Toggle sort by mtime
!, ^] Spawn SHELL in dir
R Run custom script
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e Edit in EDITOR
p Open in PAGER
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f Archive entry
F List archive
^F Extract archive
Space, ^K Copy file path
^Y Toggle multi-copy
y Show copy buffer
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^T Toggle path quote
^L Redraw, clear prompt
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Esc Exit prompt
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L Lock terminal
o Launch GUI app
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? Help, settings
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q Quit context
^G Quit and cd
Q, ^X Quit
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```
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Help & settings, file details, media info and archive listing are shown in the PAGER. Please use the PAGER-specific keys in these screens.
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#### Key prompt
The key prompt, invoked by <kbd>^B</kbd>, provides a powerful multi-functional navigation mechanism. It understands contexts, bookmarks and handy location shortcuts.
| Key | Function |
|:---:| --- |
| <kbd>1-4</kbd> | Go to selected context |
| <kbd>></kbd>, <kbd>.</kbd> | Go to next active context |
| <kbd><</kbd>, <kbd>,</kbd> | Go to previous active context |
| key | Go to bookmarked location |
| <kbd>~</kbd> | Go to HOME directory |
| <kbd>-</kbd> | Go to last visited directory |
| <kbd>&</kbd> | Go to start directory |
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| <kbd>q</kbd> | Quit context |
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If all the configured bookmark keys are single character, the prompt is not shown and <kbd>Enter</kbd> is not required; just press <kbd>^B</kbd> followed by the key.
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#### Contexts
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Contexts (aka _tabs_ aka _workspaces_) serve the purpose of exploring multiple directories simultaneously. 4 contexts are available. The status of the contexts are shown in the top left corner:
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- the current context is in reverse
- other used contexts are underlined
- rest are unused
The first time a context is entered, it copies the state of the last visited context. Each context remembers its start directory and last visited directory.
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When a context is quit, the next active context is selected. If the last active context is quit, the program quits.
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#### Filters
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Filters support regexes to instantly (search-as-you-type) list the matching entries in the current directory.
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Ways to exit filter prompt:
- press <kbd>^L</kbd> to clear filter followed by <kbd>Bksp</kbd> (to clear the filter symbol, like vi)
- at other prompts <kbd>^L</kbd> followed by <kbd>Enter</kbd> discards all changes and exits prompt
- run a search with no matches and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>
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Common use cases:
- to list all matches starting with the filter expression, start the expression with a `^` (caret) symbol
- type `\.mkv` to list all MKV files
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- use `.*` to match any character (_sort of_ fuzzy search)
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If `nnn` is invoked as root or the environment variable `NNN_SHOW_HIDDEN` is set the default filter will also match hidden files.
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#### Navigate-as-you-type mode
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In this mode directories are opened in filter mode, allowing continuous navigation. Works best with the **arrow keys**.
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In case of only one match and it's a directory, `nnn` auto selects the directory and enters it in this mode. To disable this behaviour,
export NNN_NO_AUTOSELECT=1
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#### File indicators
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The following indicators are used in the detail view:
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| Indicator | File Type |
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|:---:| --- |
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| `/` | Directory |
| `*` | Executable |
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| <code>&#124;</code> | Fifo |
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| `=` | Socket |
| `@` | Symbolic Link |
| `@/` | Symbolic Link to directory |
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| `b` | Block Device |
| `c` | Character Device |
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#### File handling
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| External dependency | Operation |
| --- | --- |
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| xdg-open (Linux), open(1) (OS X), cygstart (Cygwin) | desktop opener |
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| mediainfo, exiftool | multimedia file details |
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| atool, patool ([integration](#integrate-patool)) | create, list and extract archives |
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| vidir from moreutils | batch rename, move, delete dir entries |
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| vlock (Linux), bashlock (OS X), lock(1) (BSD) | terminal locker |
| $EDITOR (overridden by $VISUAL, if defined) | edit files (fallback vi) |
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| $PAGER | page through files (fallback less) |
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| $SHELL | spawn a shell, run script (fallback sh) |
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- To edit all text files in EDITOR (preferably CLI, fallback vi):
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export NNN_USE_EDITOR=1
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#### Help
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$ nnn -h
$ man nnn
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To lookup keyboard shortcuts at runtime, press <kbd>?</kbd>.
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### Quickstart
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1. Install the [utilities required](#file-handling) for your regular activities.
2. Configure [cd on quit](#cd-on-quit).
3. Optionally open all text files in EDITOR (fallback vi):
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export NNN_USE_EDITOR=1
4. Run `n`.
5. Press <kbd>?</kbd> for help on keyboard shortcuts anytime.
6. For additional functionality [setup custom scripts](#run-custom-scripts).
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### How to
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#### add bookmarks
Set environment variable `NNN_BMS` as a string of `key:location` pairs (max 10) separated by semicolons (`;`):
export NNN_BMS='doc:~/Documents;u:/home/user/Cam Uploads;D:~/Downloads/'
#### copy file paths
##### selection shortcuts
Use <kbd>^K</kbd> to copy the absolute path (from `/`) of the file under the cursor to clipboard.
To copy multiple file paths, switch to the multi-copy mode using <kbd>^Y</kbd>. In this mode you can
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- cherry-pick individual files one by one by pressing <kbd>^K</kbd> on each entry; or,
- navigate to another file in the same directory to select a range of files.
Pressing <kbd>^Y</kbd> again copies the paths to clipboard and exits the multi-copy mode.
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To list the file paths copied to memory press <kbd>y</kbd>.
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To wrap each file path within single quotes, export `NNN_QUOTE_ON`:
export NNN_QUOTE_ON=1
This is particularly useful if you are planning to copy the whole string to the shell to run a command. Quotes can be toggled at runtime using <kbd>^T</kbd>.
Note that the filename is not escaped. So copying may still fail for filenames having quote(s) in them.
##### default copy
By default file paths are copied to the temporary file `DIR/.nnncp`, where `DIR` (by priority) is:
$HOME or,
$TMPDIR or,
/tmp
To see the path to the temporary copy file, run `nnn`, press `?` and look up `copy file`.
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Use <kbd>^Y</kbd> and/or <kbd>^K</kbd> to copy file paths as usual. To use the copied paths from the cmdline, use command substitution. For example, if `DIR` above is `/home/user`:
# bash/zsh
ls -ltr `cat /home/user/.nnncp`
ls -ltr $(cat /home/user/.nnncp)
# fish
ls -ltr (cat /home/user/.nnncp)
An alias may be handy:
alias ncp='cat /home/user/.nnncp'
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so you can easily copy, move or delete multiple files together:
# bash/zsh
ls -ltr `ncp`
ls -ltr $(ncp)
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cp -rvf `ncp` .
mv `ncp` .
rm `ncp` -rf
# fish
ls -ltr (ncp)
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cp -rvf (ncp) .
mv (ncp) .
rm (ncp) -rf
Note that you may want to keep quotes disabled (as it is by default) in this case.
##### to clipboard
`nnn` can pipe the absolute path of the current file or multiple files to a copier script. For example, you can use `xsel` on Linux or `pbcopy` on OS X.
Sample Linux copier script:
#!/bin/sh
# comment the next line to convert newlines to spaces
IFS=
echo -n $1 | xsel --clipboard --input
export `NNN_COPIER`:
export NNN_COPIER="/path/to/copier.sh"
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#### copy, move, delete files
The `nnn` workflow to copy, move or delete files is:
1. Copy the absolute paths using <kbd>^Y</kbd> and/or <kbd>^K</kbd>
2. To copy or move files navigate to the destination directory. You can also fire a new instance of `nnn` in another tab of your terminal emulator and open the destination directory.
3. Spawn a subshell in the destination directory (<kbd>!</kbd>)
4. While typing the desired command, copy the file paths (usually <kbd>^-Shift-V</kbd>) from the clipboard. If X is unavailable, refer to [this section](#when-x-is-missing).
In addition, `nnn` integrates with vidir. vidir supports batch file move and delete.
#### cd on quit
To quit `nnn` and switch to the directory last opened follow the instructions below.
Pick the appropriate file for your shell from [`scripts/quitcd`](scripts/quitcd) and add the contents to your shell's rc file. You'll need to spawn a new shell for the change to take effect. You should start `nnn` as `n` (or modify the function name to something else). To change directory on quit press `Q` (it's _capital_) or `^G` while exiting.
As you might notice, `nnn` uses the environment variable `NNN_TMPFILE` to write the last visited directory path. You can change it.
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#### run custom scripts
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`nnn` can invoke custom scripts with the currently selected file name as argument 1.
Export the path to the custom executable script:
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export NNN_SCRIPT=/usr/local/bin/nscript
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Press <kbd>R</kbd> to run the script in the current directory.
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It's possible to run multiple scripts with `nnn` as long as the scripts are in the same location and share the same prefix. To enable multiple scripts,
export NNN_MULTISCRIPT=1
With the example of `NNN_SCRIPT` above, some more scripts could be:
/usr/local/bin/nscript1
/usr/local/bin/nscript2
/usr/local/bin/nscriptcustom1
/usr/local/bin/nscriptcustom2
and so on...
Type the correct suffix when prompted on pressing the keybind <kbd>R</kbd>. To use the base script (`NNN_SCRIPT`), just press <kbd>Enter</kbd>.
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##### sample scripts
- Open image files in current dir in **sxiv**:
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#!/usr/bin/env sh
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sxiv -q * >/dev/null 2>&1
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- Fuzzy find files in **fzy** and open with xdg-open:
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#!/usr/bin/env sh
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xdg-open $(find -type f | fzy) >/dev/null 2>&1
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#### change dir color
The default color for directories is blue. Option `-c` accepts color codes from 0 to 7 to use a different color:
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0-black, 1-red, 2-green, 3-yellow, 4-blue, 5-magenta, 6-cyan, 7-white
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Any other value disables colored directories.
#### integrate patool
On systems where `atool` is not available but `patool` is, drop two copies of the Python3 script [natool](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/blob/master/scripts/natool) as `atool` and `apack` somewhere in `$PATH`.
#### work faster at rename prompt
The rename prompt supports some bash-like command-line shortcuts - <kbd>^A</kbd>, <kbd>^E</kbd>, <kbd>^U</kbd>. <kbd>^L</kbd> clears the name.
#### set idle timeout
The terminal screensaver is disabled by default. To set the wait time in seconds, use environment variable `NNN_IDLE_TIMEOUT`.
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#### show hot plugged drives
Enable volume management in your DE file manager and set removable drives or media to be auto-mounted when inserted. Then visit the usual mount point location (`/mnt` or `/media/user`) in `nnn`.
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#### tmux config
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`nnn` might not handle keypresses correctly when used with tmux (see issue #104 for more details). Set `TERM=xterm-256color` to address it.
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### Why fork?
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`nnn` was initially forked from [noice](http://git.2f30.org/noice/) but is significantly [different](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/wiki/nnn-vs.-noice) today. I chose to fork because:
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- one can argue my approach deviates from the goal of the original project - keep the utility `suckless`. In my opinion evolution is the taste of time.
- I would like to have a bit of control on what features are added in the name of desktop integration. A feature-bloat is the last thing in my mind. Check out [nnn design considerations](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/wiki/nnn-design-considerations) for more details.
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### Mentions
- [FOSSMint](https://www.fossmint.com/nnn-linux-terminal-file-browser/)
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- [It's FOSS](https://itsfoss.com/nnn-file-browser-linux/)
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- [LinuxLinks](https://www.linuxlinks.com/nnn-fast-and-flexible-file-manager/)
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- [Ubuntu Full Circle Magazine - Issue 135](https://fullcirclemagazine.org/issue-135/)
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### Developers
1. Copyright © 2014-2016 Lazaros Koromilas
2. Copyright © 2014-2016 Dimitris Papastamos
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3. Copyright © 2016-2018 [Arun Prakash Jana](https://github.com/jarun)