1 PO Token Guide

coletdjnz edited this page 2025-01-25 13:14:02 +13:00

Table of Contents

• YouTube PO Token Guide
• Introduction
• Cases where a PO Token is required
• Current PO Token enforcement
• Guide: Providing a PO Token manually (for use with web client)
• PO Token for GVS
• No account
• With an account
• PO Token for Player
• Plugins
• Other PO Token related tools
• Technical details
• PO Tokens for GVS
• PO Tokens for Player

Go to YouTube Extractor Wiki

YouTube PO Token Guide

Tip

TL;DR recommended setup: Either use a plugin, or manual extraction, to provide the web client with a PO Token for GVS requests.

See the notice in the YouTube Extractor Wiki for more information on the current state of downloading videos from YouTube.

• YouTube PO Token Guide
  • Introduction
  • Cases where a PO Token is required
    • Current PO Token enforcement
  • Guide: Providing a PO Token manually (for use with web client)
    • PO Token for GVS
      • No account
      • With an account
    • PO Token for Player
  • Plugins
  • Other PO Token related tools
  • Technical details
    • PO Tokens for GVS
    • PO Tokens for Player

Introduction

Proof of Origin (PO) Token is a parameter that YouTube requires to be sent with requests from some clients. Without it, requests for the affected clients' format URLs may return HTTP Error 403, or result in your account or IP address being blocked.

A PO Token is generated by an attestation provider on Web, Android and iOS platforms to attest the requests are coming from a genuine client.

For yt-dlp, you can provide PO Token(s) using the po_token extractor argument, or you can install a plugin that hooks into the YouTube extractor to handle fetching a PO Token.

For more technical details on these tokens, refer to the technical details section.

Cases where a PO Token is required

There are currently two cases yt-dlp may require PO Tokens for video downloads, depending on the client used:

• GVS: Google Video Server requests
• Player: Innertube player requests

The PO Tokens may be generated differently for each of these cases, depending on the client.

Current PO Token enforcement

YouTube is at present rolling out changes to enforce PO Tokens for video playback. Currently, only GVS requires PO Tokens for some clients.

Client	PO Token for GVS Required	PO Token for Player Required	Notes
web	Yes	No
web_safari	Yes*	No
mweb	Yes	No
tv	No	No
tv_embedded	No	No	Requires account cookies
web_embedded	No	No
web_music	Yes	No
web_creator	Yes	No	Requires account cookies
android	Yes	?	Account cookies not supported
android_vr	No	No	YouTube Kids videos are not available
ios	Yes*	?	Account cookies not supported

*Client provides HLS (m3u8) formats which do not require PO Token for GVS at this time.

You can select what client to use with the player_client extractor argument.

Guide: Providing a PO Token manually (for use with web client)

This section provides a basic guide on extracting PO Token(s) manually from YouTube in a web browser for use with the web client, and manually passing it to yt-dlp via the po_token extractor argument. The same PO Token extraction method may work with other web browser-based clients too.

Tip

When supplying multiple PO Tokens, use the same extractor args option and comma-separate the PO Token configurations. For example: --extractor-args "youtube:po_token=web.gvs+GVS_PO_TOKEN_VALUE_HERE,web.player+PLAYER_PO_TOKEN_VALUE_HERE"

PO Token for GVS

The PO Token used for web GVS requests is tied to your YouTube session. It generated differently depending on if you are logged in to yt-dlp or not.

No account

1. Open YouTube Music or YouTube Embedded (e.g. https://www.youtube.com/embed/aqz-KE-bpKQ) in a browser. Make sure you are not logged in to any account!
2. Open any video
3. Open the developer console (F12), then go to the "Network" tab (click the >> button if you don't see it)
4. Filter requests by googlevideo.com
5. Click the video and play for a few seconds - requests to googlevideo.com should appear in the network tab
6. From the most recent googlevideo.com request, extract the pot query parameter value from the URL
7. Pass the PO Token for GVS to yt-dlp using --extractor-args "youtube:po_token=web.gvs+PO_TOKEN_VALUE_HERE" with cookies (--cookies COOKIES_FILE or --cookies-from-browser)

Although not recommended, you may also provide visitor data instead of cookies. Refer to Passing Visitor Data without cookies.

With an account

1. Open YouTube Music in a browser, and log in with the user you are using with yt-dlp
2. Open any video
3. Follow steps 3-6 above
4. Pass the PO Token for GVS to yt-dlp using --extractor-args "youtube:po_token=web.gvs+PO_TOKEN_VALUE_HERE" with your account cookies

Addendum:

• If there is no pot parameter in the googlevideo.com URL, wait a few seconds for more requests to be made and check them.
• If there is a sabr=1 query parameter in the googlevideo.com URL, then the PO Token is in the request body protobuf (and therefore is not easy to extract).
  • This should not be the case for YouTube Music or YouTube Embedded - if so, please raise an issue, so we can update these docs.

PO Token for Player

The PO Token for web Player requests is tied to the Video ID. This means you must generate a new PO Token for each video.

Note

If you are using the web client and have not disabled the webpage request, providing this PO Token is not necessary at this time.

1. Open YouTube Web in a browser.
2. Open the developer console (F12), then go to the "Network" tab and filter by v1/player
3. Navigate to the video you want to download (e.g. using search - do not go to the video url directly as the page will refresh)
4. In the request payload JSON, find the PO Token at serviceIntegrityDimensions.poToken and save that value
5. Export cookies from the browser
6. Pass the PO Token for Player to yt-dlp using --extractor-args "youtube:po_token=web.player+PO_TOKEN_VALUE_HERE"

Plugins

Manually fetching PO Tokens can be a tedious process. Alternatively, you can use a plugin that hooks into the YouTube extractor to handle fetching a PO Token.

• yt-dlp-get-pot by coletdjnz
  • An experimental plugin framework for yt-dlp to support fetching PO Tokens from external providers. Maintained by a yt-dlp maintainer.
• bgutil-ytdlp-pot-provider by Brainicism
  • A yt-dlp-get-pot provider which uses BgUtils to generate PO Tokens. Not affiliated with yt-dlp.

See the yt-dlp-plugins GitHub topic and the yt-dlp plugin wiki to explore more yt-dlp plugins.

Other PO Token related tools

• BgUtils by LuanRT
  • Utility to generate PoTokens and run BotGuard attestation challenges.
• YouTube Trusted Session Generator by Invidious
  • A generator for getting a session that passes all the checks from YouTube side

Technical details

PO Tokens are still an active area of research, and at the same time YouTube is continuously updating the implementation and enforcement. The following information is based on the current understanding of PO Tokens, and is subject to change.

A PO Token is generated by either BotGuard (Web), DroidGuard (Android), iOSGuard (iOS). A PO Token from one platform cannot be used on another (i.e., Web PO Token cannot be used on Android or iOS).

If you are interested, we recommend checking out the BgUtils project which does a deeper dive into the BotGuard attestation process.

PO Tokens for GVS

GVS uses a PO token bound to the user session.

For Web session tokens:

• When logged out, are bound to a Visitor ID. This Visitor ID is found in the VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE cookie, in the visitorData value which is sent with Innertube API requests, or with ytcfg.get('VISITOR_DATA') in the browser console.
• When logged in, are bound to the account Session ID (first part of the Data Sync ID). This can be found at responseContext.mainAppWebResponseContext.dataSyncId in Innertube responses, or with ytcfg.get('DATASYNC_ID') in the browser console.

If a video download fails with an HTTP 403 midway through, then the client likely requires a PO Token for GVS.

These PO Tokens are only valid for a limited time (usually at least 12 hours), so it will need to be refreshed periodically. However, some reports suggest that the token may be valid for many days.

PO Tokens for Player

Web Tokens for player requests are bound to the video ID the associated /player request is for. YouTube has only recently started generating these for some clients (e.g. web).

As of writing, some clients, such as web_music use a session-bound PO Token for player requests. This is likely to change.