nnn/plugins/README.md

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<h1 align="center">nnn plugins</h1>
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<p align="center"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/SpT0L2W.png" /></p>
<p align="center"><i>read ebooks with plugin gutenread (Android)</i></p>
## Introduction
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Plugins extend the capabilities of `nnn`. They are _executable_ scripts (or binaries) `nnn` can communicate with and trigger. This mechanism fits perfectly with the fundamental design to keep the core file manager lean and fast, by delegating repetitive (but not necessarily file manager-specific) tasks to the plugins which can be run with custom hotkeys.
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`nnn` is _**language-agnostic**_ when it comes to plugins. You can write a plugin in any (scripting) language you are comfortable in!
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## List of plugins
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| Plugin (a-z) | Description [Clears selection<sup>1</sup>] | Lang | Dependencies |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| [autojump](autojump) | Navigate to dir/path | sh | [jump](https://github.com/gsamokovarov/jump)/autojump/<br>zoxide/z (needs fzf) |
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| [boom](boom) | Play random music from dir | sh | [moc](http://moc.daper.net/) |
| [bulknew](bulknew) | Create multiple files/dirs at once | bash | sed, xargs, mktemp |
| [cdpath](cdpath) | `cd` to the directory from `CDPATH` | sh | fzf |
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| [chksum](chksum) | Create and verify checksums [✓] | sh | md5sum,<br>sha256sum |
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| [cmusq](cmusq) | Queue/play files/dirs in cmus player [✓] | sh | cmus, pgrep |
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| [diffs](diffs) | Diff for selection (limited to 2 for directories) [✓] | sh | vimdiff, mktemp |
| [dragdrop](dragdrop) | Drag/drop files from/into nnn | sh | [dragon](https://github.com/mwh/dragon) |
| [dups](dups) | List non-empty duplicate files in current dir | bash | find, md5sum,<br>sort uniq xargs |
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| [finder](finder) | Run custom find command (**stored in histfile**) and list | sh | - |
| [fixname](fixname) | Clean filename to be more shell-friendly [✓] | bash | sed |
| [fzcd](fzcd) | Fuzzy search multiple dirs (or `$PWD`) and visit file | sh | fzf, (find) |
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| [fzhist](fzhist) | Fuzzy-select a cmd from history, edit in `$EDITOR` and run | sh | fzf, mktemp |
| [fzopen](fzopen) | Fuzzy find file(s) in subtree to edit/open/pick | sh | fzf, xdg-open/open |
| [fzplug](fzplug) | Fuzzy find, preview and run other plugins | sh | fzf |
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| [getplugs](getplugs) | Update plugins to installed `nnn` version | sh | curl |
| [gpg\*](gpg\*) | Encrypt/decrypt files using GPG [✓] | sh | gpg |
| [gutenread](gutenread) | Browse, download, read from Project Gutenberg | sh | curl, unzip, w3m<br>[epr](https://github.com/wustho/epr) (optional) |
| [imgresize](imgresize) | Batch resize images in dir to screen resolution | sh | [imgp](https://github.com/jarun/imgp) |
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| [imgur](imgur) | Upload an image to imgur (from [imgur-screenshot](https://github.com/jomo/imgur-screenshot)) | bash | - |
| [imgview](imgview) | View (thumbnail)images, set wallpaper, [rename](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/wiki/Basic-use-cases#browse-rename-images) and [more](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Sxiv#Assigning_keyboard_shortcuts)| sh | _see in-file docs_ |
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| [ipinfo](ipinfo) | Fetch external IP address and whois information | sh | curl, whois |
| [kdeconnect](kdeconnect) | Send selected files to an Android device [✓] | sh | kdeconnect-cli |
| [launch](launch) | GUI application launcher | sh | fzf |
| [mimelist](mimelist) | List files by mime in subtree | sh | - |
| [moclyrics](moclyrics) | Show lyrics of the track playing in moc | sh | [ddgr](https://github.com/jarun/ddgr), [moc](http://moc.daper.net/) |
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| [mocq](mocq) | Queue/play selection/dir/file in moc [✓] | sh | [moc](http://moc.daper.net/) |
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| [mp3conv](mp3conv) | Extract audio from multimedia as mp3 | sh | ffmpeg |
| [mtpmount](mtpmount) | Toggle mount of MTP device (eg. Android) | sh | gvfs-mtp |
| [nbak](nbak) | Backs up `nnn` config | sh | tar, awk, mktemp |
| [nmount](nmount) | Toggle mount status of a device as normal user | sh | pmount, udisks2 |
| [nuke](nuke) | Sample file opener (CLI-only by default) | sh | _see in-file docs_ |
| [oldbigfile](oldbigfile) | List large files by access time | sh | find, sort |
| [organize](organize) | Auto-organize files in directories by file type [✓] | sh | file |
| [pdfread](pdfread) | Read a PDF or text file aloud | sh | pdftotext, mpv,<br>pico2wave |
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| [preview-tabbed](preview-tabbed) | Preview files with Tabbed/xembed | bash | _see in-file docs_ |
| [preview-tui](preview-tui) | Preview with Tmux/kitty/[QuickLook](https://github.com/QL-Win/QuickLook)/xterm/`$TERMINAL` | sh | _see in-file docs_ |
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| [pskill](pskill) | Fuzzy list by name and kill process or zombie | sh | fzf, ps, sudo/doas |
| [renamer](renamer) | Batch rename selection or files in dir [✓] | sh | [qmv](https://www.nongnu.org/renameutils/)/[vidir](https://joeyh.name/code/moreutils/) |
| [ringtone](ringtone) | Create a variable bitrate mp3 ringtone from file | sh | date, ffmpeg |
| [rsynccp](rsynccp) | Gives copy-paste verbose progress percentage [✓] | sh | rsync |
| [splitjoin](splitjoin) | Split file or join selection [✓] | sh | split, cat |
| [suedit](suedit) | Edit file using superuser permissions | sh | sudoedit/sudo/doas |
| [togglex](togglex) | Toggle executable mode for selection [✓] | sh | chmod |
| [umounttree](umounttree) | Unmount a remote mountpoint from within | sh | fusermount |
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| [upload](upload) | Upload to Firefox Send or ix.io (text) or file.io (bin) | sh | [ffsend](https://github.com/timvisee/ffsend), curl, jq, tr |
| [wallpaper](wall) | Set wallpaper or change colorscheme | sh | nitrogen/pywal |
| [x2sel](x2sel) | Copy file list from system clipboard to selection | sh | _see in-file docs_ |
| [xdgdefault](xdgdefault) | Set the default app for the hovered file type | sh | xdg-utils, fzf/dmenu |
Note:
1. A plugin has to explicitly request `nnn` to clear the selection e.g. after operating on the selected files.
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### Table of contents
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Configuration](#configuration)
- [Skip directory refresh after running a plugin](#skip-directory-refresh-after-running-a-plugin)
- [Running commands as plugin](#running-commands-as-plugin)
- [Skip user confirmation after command execution](#skip-user-confirmation-after-command-execution)
- [Run a GUI app as plugin](#run-a-gui-app-as-plugin)
- [Page non-interactive command output](#page-non-interactive-command-output)
- [Some useful key-command examples](#some-useful-key-command-examples)
- [Access level of plugins](#access-level-of-plugins)
- [Create your own plugins](#create-your-own-plugins)
- [Send data to `nnn`](#send-data-to-nnn)
- [Get notified on file hover](#get-notified-on-file-hover)
- [Examples](#examples)
- [Contributing plugins](#contributing-plugins)
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## Installation
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The following command installs or updates (after backup) all plugins:
```sh
curl -Ls https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jarun/nnn/master/plugins/getplugs | sh
```
Plugins are installed to `${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}/nnn/plugins`.
## Configuration
Set environment variable `NNN_PLUG` to assign keybinds and invoke plugins directly using the plugin shortcut (<kbd>;</kbd>) followed by the assigned key character. E.g., with the below config:
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```sh
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export NNN_PLUG='f:finder;o:fzopen;p:mocplay;d:diffs;t:nmount;v:imgview'
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```
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plugin `finder` can be invoked with the keybind <kbd>;f</kbd>, `fzopen` can be run with <kbd>;o</kbd> and so on... The key vs. plugin pairs are shown in the help and config screen.
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Alternatively, combine with <kbd>Alt</kbd> (i.e. <kbd>Alt+key</kbd>).
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To pick and run an unassigned plugin, press <kbd>Enter</kbd> (to _enter_ the plugin dir) at the plugin prompt.
To run a plugin at startup, use the option `-P` followed by the plugin key.
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If the plugins list gets too long, try breaking them up into sections:
```
NNN_PLUG_PERSONAL='g:personal/convert2zoom;p:personal/echo'
NNN_PLUG_WORK='j:work/prettyjson;d:work/foobar'
NNN_PLUG_INLINE='e:!go run $nnn*'
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NNN_PLUG_DEFAULT='1:ipinfo;p:preview-tui;o:fzz;b:nbak'
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NNN_PLUG="$NNN_PLUG_PERSONAL;$NNN_PLUG_WORK;$NNN_PLUG_DEFAULT;$NNN_PLUG_INLINE"
export NNN_PLUG
```
Note:
- `'g:personal/convert2zoom'` will look in the personal sub-folder inside the plugin folder.
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- `'b:boom;b:bulknew` will result in only the first definition of *b* (`b:boom`) being used.
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- A keybinding definition of more than 1 character will prevent nnn from starting.
#### Skip directory refresh after running a plugin
`nnn` refreshes the directory after running a plugin to reflect any changes by the plugin. To disable this add a `-` before the plugin name:
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```sh
export NNN_PLUG='p:-plugin'
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```
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## Running commands as plugin
To assign keys to arbitrary non-background, non-shell-interpreted cli commands and invoke like plugins, add `!` (underscore) before the command.
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```sh
export NNN_PLUG='x:!chmod +x $nnn;g:!git log;s:!smplayer $nnn'
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```
Now <kbd>;x</kbd> can be used to make a file executable, <kbd>;g</kbd> can be used to the git log of a git project directory, <kbd>;s</kbd> can be used to preview a partially downloaded media file.
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#### Skip user confirmation after command execution
`nnn` waits for user confirmation (the prompt `Press Enter to continue`) after it executes a command as plugin (unlike plugins which can add a `read` to wait). To skip this, add a `*` after the command.
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```sh
export NNN_PLUG='s:!smplayer $nnn*;n:-!vim /home/vaio/Dropbox/Public/synced_note*'
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```
Now there will be no prompt after <kbd>;s</kbd> and <kbd>;n</kbd>.
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Note: Do not use `*` with programs those run and exit e.g. cat.
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#### Run a GUI app as plugin
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To run a GUI app as plugin, add a `&` after `!`.
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```sh
export NNN_PLUG='m:-!&mousepad $nnn'
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```
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#### Page non-interactive command output
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To show the output of run-and-exit commands which do not need user input, add `|` (pipe) after `!`.
```sh
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export NNN_PLUG='m:-!|mediainfo $nnn;t:-!|tree -ps;l:-!|ls -lah --group-directories-first'
```
This option is incompatible with `&` (terminal output is masked for GUI programs) and ignores `*` (output is already paged for user).
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Notes:
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1. Use single quotes for `$NNN_PLUG` so `$nnn` is not interpreted
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2. (_Again_) add `!` before the command
3. To disable directory refresh after running a _command as plugin_, prefix with `-!`
#### Some useful key-command examples
| Key:Command | Description |
|---|---|
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| `e:-!sudo -E vim $nnn*` | Edit file as root in vim |
| `g:-!git diff` | Show git diff |
| `h:-!hx $nnn*` | Open hovered file in [hx](https://github.com/krpors/hx) hex editor |
| `k:-!fuser -kiv $nnn*` | Interactively kill process(es) using hovered file |
| `l:-!git log` | Show git log |
| `n:-!vi /home/user/Dropbox/dir/note*` | Take quick notes in a synced file/dir of notes |
| `p:-!less -iR $nnn*` | Page through hovered file in less |
| `s:-!&smplayer -minigui $nnn` | Play hovered media file, even unfinished download |
| `x:!chmod +x $nnn` | Make the hovered file executable |
| `y:-!sync*` | Flush cached writes |
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## Access level of plugins
When `nnn` executes a plugin, it does the following:
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- Changes to the directory where the plugin is to be run (`$PWD` pointing to the active directory)
- Passes three arguments to the script:
1. `$1`: The hovered file's name.
2. `$2`: The working directory (might differ from `$PWD` in case of symlinked paths; non-canonical).
3. `$3`: The picker mode output file (`-` for stdout) if `nnn` is executed as a file picker.
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- Sets the environment variable `NNN_PIPE` used to control `nnn` active directory.
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- Exports the [special variables](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/wiki/Concepts#special-variables).
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Plugins can also read the `.selection` file in the config directory.
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## Create your own plugins
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Plugins can be written in any scripting language. However, POSIX-compliant shell scripts runnable in `sh` are preferred.
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**Make the file executable**. Drop it in the plugin directory. Optionally add a hotkey in `$NNN_PLUG` for frequent usage.
#### Send data to `nnn`
`nnn` provides a mechanism for plugins to send data to `nnn` to control its active directory or invoke the list mode.
The way to do so is by writing to the pipe pointed by the environment variable `NNN_PIPE`.
The plugin should write a single string in the format `(<->)<ctxcode><opcode><data>` without a newline at the end. For example, `1c/etc`.
The optional `-` at the **beginning of the stream** instructs `nnn` to clear the selection.
In cases where the data transfer to `nnn` has to happen while the selection file is being read (e.g. in a loop), the plugin should
create a tmp copy of the selection file, inform `nnn` to clear the selection and then do the subsequent processing with the tmp file.
The `ctxcode` indicates the context to change the active directory of.
| Context code | Meaning |
|:---:| --- |
| `+` | smart context (next inactive else current) |
| `0` | current context |
| `1`-`4` | context number |
The `opcode` indicates the operation type.
| Opcode | Operation |
|:---:| --- |
| `c` | change directory |
| `l` | list files in list mode |
| `p` | picker file overwritten |
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For convenience, we provided a helper script named `.nnn-plugin-helper` and a function named `nnn_cd` to ease this process. `nnn_cd` receives the path to change to as the first argument, and the context as an optional second argument.
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If a context is not provided, it is asked for explicitly. To skip this and choose the current context, set the `CUR_CTX` variable in `.nnn-plugin-helper` (or in the specific plugin after sourcing `.nnn-plugin-helper`) to 1.
Usage examples can be found in the Examples section below.
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#### Get notified on file hover
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If `NNN_FIFO` is set, `nnn` will open it and write every hovered files. This can be used in plugins and external scripts, e.g. to implement file previews.
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Don't forget to fork in the background to avoid blocking `nnn`.
For more details on configuration and usage of the preview plugins, visit [Live Previews](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/wiki/Live-previews).
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## Examples
There are many plugins provided by `nnn` which can be used as examples. Here are a few simple selected examples.
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#### Show the git log of changes to the particular file along with the code for a quick and easy review.
```sh
#!/usr/bin/env sh
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git log -p -- "$1"
```
#### Change to directory in clipboard using helper script
```sh
#!/usr/bin/env sh
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. $(dirname $0)/.nnn-plugin-helper
nnn_cd "$(xsel -ob)"
```
#### Change directory to the location of a link using helper script with specific context (current)
```sh
#!/usr/bin/env sh
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. $(dirname $0)/.nnn-plugin-helper
nnn_cd "$(dirname $(readlink -fn $1))" 0
```
#### Change to arbitrary directory without helper script
```sh
#!/usr/bin/env sh
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printf "cd to: "
read -r dir
printf "%s" "0c$dir" > "$NNN_PIPE"
```
#### Send every hovered file to X selection
```sh
#!/usr/bin/env sh
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if [ -z "$NNN_FIFO" ] ; then
exit 1
fi
while read FILE ; do
printf "%s" "$FILE" | xsel
done < "$NNN_FIFO" &
disown
```
#### Quick find (using `fd`)
```sh
#!/usr/bin/env sh
. "$(dirname "$0")"/.nnn-plugin-helper
printf "pattern: "
read -r pattern
if [ -n "$pattern" ]; then
printf "%s" "+l" > "$NNN_PIPE"
eval "fd -HI $pattern -0" > "$NNN_PIPE"
fi
```
#### Quick grep (using `rg`)
```sh
#!/usr/bin/env sh
. "$(dirname "$0")"/.nnn-plugin-helper
printf "pattern: "
read -r pattern
if [ -n "$pattern" ]; then
printf "%s" "+l" > "$NNN_PIPE"
eval "rg -l0 --hidden -S $pattern" > "$NNN_PIPE"
fi
```
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## Contributing plugins
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1. Add informative sections like _Description_, _Notes_, _Dependencies_, _Shell_, _Author_ etc. in the plugin.
2. Add an entry in the table above.
3. Keep non-portable commands (like `notify-send`) commented so users from any other OS/DE aren't surprised.
4. The plugin file should be executable.
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5. If your plugin stores data, use `${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/nnn`. Document it _in-file_.