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nnn/plugins/README.md
Arun Prakash Jana 5e34181bb3
Add another useful plugin example
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nnn plugins

read ebooks with plugin gutenread (Android)

Introduction

Plugins extend the capabilities of nnn. They are executable scripts (or binaries) nnn can communicate with and trigger. This mechanism fits perfectly with the fundamental design to keep the core file manager lean and fast, by delegating repetitive (but not necessarily file manager-specific) tasks to the plugins which can be run with custom hotkeys.

nnn is language-agnostic when it comes to plugins. You can write a plugin in any (scripting) language you are comfortable in!

List of plugins

Plugin (a-z) Description [Clears selection1] Lang Dependencies
autojump Navigate to dir/path sh jump/autojump/zoxide
bookmarks Use named bookmarks managed with symlinks sh fzf
boom Play random music from dir sh moc
bulknew Create multiple files/dirs at once bash sed, xargs, mktemp
cdpath cd to the directory from CDPATH sh fzf
chksum Create and verify checksums [✓] sh md5sum,
sha256sum
cmusq Queue/play files/dirs in cmus player [✓] sh cmus, pgrep
diffs Diff for selection (limited to 2 for directories) [✓] sh vimdiff, mktemp
dragdrop Drag/drop files from/into nnn sh dragon
dups List non-empty duplicate files in current dir bash find, md5sum,
sort uniq xargs
finder Run custom find command and list sh -
fixname Clean filename to be more shell-friendly [✓] bash sed
fzcd Fuzzy search multiple dirs (or $PWD) and visit file sh fzf, (fd)
fzhist Fuzzy-select a cmd from history, edit in $EDITOR and run sh fzf, mktemp
fzopen Fuzzy find file(s) in subtree to edit/open/pick sh fzf, xdg-open
fzplug Fuzzy find, preview and run other plugins sh fzf
fzz Change to any directory in the z database with fzf sh fzf, z
getplugs Update plugins to installed nnn version sh curl
gpg* Encrypt/decrypt files using GPG [✓] sh gpg
gutenread Browse, download, read from Project Gutenberg sh curl, unzip, w3m
epr (optional)
imgresize Resize images in dir to screen resolution sh imgp
imgur Upload an image to imgur (from imgur-screenshot) bash -
imgview View (thumbnail)images, set wallpaper, rename and more sh imv/sxiv/viu/
ucollage/catimg/lsix
ipinfo Fetch external IP address and whois information sh curl, whois
kdeconnect Send selected files to an Android device [✓] sh kdeconnect-cli
launch GUI application launcher sh fzf
mimelist List files by mime in subtree sh -
moclyrics Show lyrics of the track playing in moc sh ddgr, moc
mocq Queue/play selection/dir/file in moc [✓] sh moc
mp3conv Extract audio from multimedia as mp3 sh ffmpeg
mtpmount Toggle mount of MTP device (eg. Android) sh gvfs-mtp
nbak Backs up nnn config sh tar, awk, mktemp
nmount Toggle mount status of a device as normal user sh pmount, udisks2
nuke Sample file opener (CLI-only by default) sh see in-file docs
oldbigfile List large files by access time sh find, sort
organize Auto-organize files in directories by file type [✓] sh file
pdfread Read a PDF or text file aloud sh pdftotext, mpv,
pico2wave
preview-tabbed Preview files with Tabbed/xembed bash see in-file docs
preview-tui Preview with Tmux/kitty/QuickLook/xterm/$TERMINAL sh see in-file docs
pskill Fuzzy list by name and kill process or zombie sh fzf, ps, sudo/doas
renamer Batch rename selection or files in dir [✓] sh qmv/vidir
ringtone Create a variable bitrate mp3 ringtone from file sh date, ffmpeg
rsynccp Gives copy-paste verbose progress percentage [✓] sh rsync
splitjoin Split file or join selection [✓] sh split, cat
suedit Edit file using superuser permissions sh sudoedit/sudo/doas
togglex Toggle executable mode for selection [✓] sh chmod
umounttree Unmount a remote mountpoint from within sh fusermount
upload Upload to Firefox Send or ix.io (text) or file.io (bin) sh ffsend, curl, jq, tr
wallpaper Set wallpaper or change colorscheme sh nitrogen/pywal
x2sel Copy file list from system clipboard to selection sh see in-file docs
xdgdefault Set the default app for the hovered file type sh xdg-utils, fzf

Note:

  1. A plugin has to explicitly request nnn to clear the selection e.g. after operating on the selected files.

Installation

The following command installs or updates (after backup) all plugins:

curl -Ls https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jarun/nnn/master/plugins/getplugs | sh

Plugins are installed to ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}/nnn/plugins.

Configuration

Set environment variable NNN_PLUG to assign keybinds and invoke plugins directly using the plugin shortcut (;) followed by the assigned key character. E.g., with the below config:

export NNN_PLUG='f:finder;o:fzopen;p:mocplay;d:diffs;t:nmount;v:imgview'

plugin finder can be invoked with the keybind ;f, fzopen can be run with ;o and so on... The key vs. plugin pairs are shown in the help and config screen.

Alternatively, combine with Alt (i.e. Alt+key).

To pick and run an unassigned plugin, press Enter (to enter the plugin dir) at the plugin prompt.

To run a plugin at startup, use the option -P followed by the plugin key.

If the plugins list gets too long, try breaking them up into sections:

NNN_PLUG_PERSONAL='g:personal/convert2zoom;p:personal/echo'
NNN_PLUG_WORK='j:work/prettyjson;d:work/foobar'
NNN_PLUG_INLINE='e:_go run $nnn*'
NNN_PLUG_DEFAULT='1:bookmarks;2:ipinfo;p:preview-tui;o:fzz;b:nbak'
NNN_PLUG="$NNN_PLUG_PERSONAL;$NNN_PLUG_WORK;$NNN_PLUG_DEFAULT;$NNN_PLUG_INLINE"
export NNN_PLUG

Note:

  • 'g:personal/convert2zoom' will look in the personal sub-folder inside the plugin folder.
  • 'b:boom;b:bookmarks will result in only the first definition of b (b:boom) being used.
  • A keybinding definition of more than 1 character will prevent nnn from starting.

Skip directory refresh after running a plugin

nnn refreshes the directory after running a plugin to reflect any changes by the plugin. To disable this (say while running the mediainf plugin on some filtered files), add a - before the plugin name:

export NNN_PLUG='m:-mediainf'

Now nnn will not refresh the directory after running the mediainf plugin.

Running commands as plugin

To assign keys to arbitrary non-background, non-shell-interpreted cli commands and invoke like plugins, add _ (underscore) before the command.

For example:

export NNN_PLUG='x:_chmod +x $nnn;g:_git log;s:_smplayer $nnn'

Now ;x can be used to make a file executable, ;g can be used to the git log of a git project directory, ;s can be used to preview a partially downloaded media file.

Skip user confirmation after command execution

nnn waits for user confirmation (the prompt Press Enter to continue) after it executes a command as plugin (unlike plugins which can add a read to wait). To skip this, add a * after the command. For example:

export NNN_PLUG='s:_smplayer $nnn*;n:-_vim /home/vaio/Dropbox/Public/synced_note*'

Now there will be no prompt after ;s and ;n.

Note: Do not use * with programs those run and exit e.g. cat.

Run GUI app as plugin

To run a GUI app as plugin, add a | after _. For example:

export NNN_PLUG='m:-_|mousepad $nnn'

Notes:

  1. Use single quotes for $NNN_PLUG so $nnn is not interpreted
  2. $nnn should be the last argument (IF used)
  3. (Again) add _ before the command
  4. To disable directory refresh after running a command as plugin, prefix with -_

Some useful key-command examples

Key:Command Description
g:-_git diff Show git diff
h:-_hx $nnn* Open hovered file in hx hex editor
k:-_fuser -kiv $nnn* Interactively kill process(es) using hovered file
l:-_git log Show git log
n:-_vi /home/user/Dropbox/dir/note* Take quick notes in a synced file/dir of notes
p:-_less -iR $nnn* Page through hovered file in less
s:-_|smplayer -minigui $nnn Play hovered media file, even unfinished download
x:_chmod +x $nnn Make the hovered file executable
y:-_sync* Flush cached writes

Access level of plugins

When nnn executes a plugin, it does the following:

  • Changes to the directory where the plugin is to be run ($PWD pointing to the active directory)
  • Passes three arguments to the script:
    1. $1: The hovered file's name.
    2. $2: The working directory (might differ from $PWD in case of symlinked paths; non-canonical).
    3. $3: The picker mode output file (- for stdout) if nnn is executed as a file picker.
  • Sets the environment variable NNN_PIPE used to control nnn active directory.

Plugins can also read the .selection file in the config directory.

Create your own plugins

Plugins can be written in any scripting language. However, POSIX-compliant shell scripts runnable in sh are preferred.

Make the file executable and drop it in the plugin install directory. Optionally add a hotkey in $NNN_PLUG for frequent usage.

Send data to nnn

nnn provides a mechanism for plugins to send data to nnn to control its active directory or invoke the list mode. The way to do so is by writing to the pipe pointed by the environment variable NNN_PIPE. The plugin should write a single string in the format (<->)<ctxcode><opcode><data> without a newline at the end. For example, 1c/etc.

The optional - at the beginning of the stream instructs nnn to clear the selection. In cases where the data transfer to nnn has to happen while the selection file is being read (e.g. in a loop), the plugin should create a tmp copy of the selection file, inform nnn to clear the selection and then do the subsequent processing with the tmp file.

The ctxcode indicates the context to change the active directory of.

Context code Meaning
+ smart context (next inactive else current)
0 current context
1-4 context number

The opcode indicates the operation type.

Opcode Operation
c change directory
l list files in list mode
p picker file overwritten

For convenience, we provided a helper script named .nnn-plugin-helper and a function named nnn_cd to ease this process. nnn_cd receives the path to change to as the first argument, and the context as an optional second argument. If a context is not provided, it is asked for explicitly. To skip this and choose the current context, set the CUR_CTX variable in .nnn-plugin-helper (or in the specific plugin after sourcing .nnn-plugin-helper) to 1. Usage examples can be found in the Examples section below.

If a plugin doesn't send any data back to nnn and there's a selection, the selection is cleared.

Get notified on file hover

If NNN_FIFO is set, nnn will open it and write every hovered files. This can be used in plugins and external scripts, e.g. to implement file previews.

Don't forget to fork in the background to avoid blocking nnn.

For more details on configuration and usage of the preview plugins, visit Live Previews.

Examples

There are many plugins provided by nnn which can be used as examples. Here are a few simple selected examples.

  • Show the git log of changes to the particular file along with the code for a quick and easy review.

    #!/usr/bin/env sh
git log -p -- "$1"

  • Change to directory in clipboard using helper script

    #!/usr/bin/env sh
. $(dirname $0)/.nnn-plugin-helper

nnn_cd "$(xsel -ob)"

  • Change directory to the location of a link using helper script with specific context (current)

    #!/usr/bin/env sh
. $(dirname $0)/.nnn-plugin-helper

nnn_cd "$(dirname $(readlink -fn $1))" 0

  • Change to arbitrary directory without helper script

    #!/usr/bin/env sh
printf "cd to: "
read -r dir

printf "%s" "0c$dir" > "$NNN_PIPE"

  • Send every hovered file to X selection

    #!/usr/bin/env sh
if [ -z "$NNN_FIFO" ] ; then
    exit 1
fi

while read FILE ; do
    printf "%s" "$FILE" | xsel
done < "$NNN_FIFO" &
disown

  • Quick find (using fd)

    #!/usr/bin/env sh

. "$(dirname "$0")"/.nnn-plugin-helper

printf "pattern: "
read -r pattern

if [ -n "$pattern" ]; then
    printf "%s" "+l" > "$NNN_PIPE"
    eval "fd -HI $pattern -0" > "$NNN_PIPE"
fi

  • Quick grep (using rg)

    #!/usr/bin/env sh

. "$(dirname "$0")"/.nnn-plugin-helper

printf "pattern: "
read -r pattern

if [ -n "$pattern" ]; then
    printf "%s" "+l" > "$NNN_PIPE"
    eval "rg -l0 --hidden -S $pattern" > "$NNN_PIPE"
fi

  • Quick scripts for paged output

    #!/usr/bin/env sh

# Show media information for hovered file
# Save as file mediainf
# m:-_mediainf

mediainfo "$1" | eval "$PAGER"
# exiftool "$1" | $PAGER
-------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env sh

# Show tree output with permissions and file size
# Save as file treeplug
# t:-_treeplug

tree -ps | $EDITOR -
-------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env sh

# List files with UID/GID
# Save as file uidgid
# u:-_uidgid

ls -lah --group-directories-first | less
-------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env sh

# Show hovered file data in hex
# Save as file hexview
# x:-_hexview

if [ -f "$1" ]; then
    xxd "$1" | $PAGER
fi
-------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env sh

# Show hovered PDF text
# Save as file pdftxt
# p:-_pdftxt

if [ -f "$1" ] && [ "$(head -c 4 "$1")" = "%PDF" ]; then
    pdftotext -nopgbrk -layout "$1" - | sed 's/\xe2\x80\x8b//g' | $PAGER

    # Convert using mutool
    # file=`basename "$1"`
    # txt=/tmp/"$file".txt
    # mutool convert -o "$txt" "$1"
    # eval $PAGER $txt
    # rm "$txt
fi

Contributing plugins

  1. Add informative sections like Description, Notes, Dependencies, Shell, Author etc. in the plugin.
  2. Add an entry in the table above.
  3. Keep non-portable commands (like notify-send) commented so users from any other OS/DE aren't surprised.
  4. The plugin file should be executable.
  5. If your plugin stores data, use ${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/nnn. Document it in-file.