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530 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
530 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
## nnn
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Noice is Not Noice, a noicer fork...
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://github.com/jarun/nnn/releases/latest"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/release/jarun/nnn.svg?maxAge=600" alt="Latest release" /></a>
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<a href="http://formulae.brew.sh/formula/nnn"><img src="https://img.shields.io/homebrew/v/nnn.svg?maxAge=600" alt="Homebrew" /></a>
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<a href="https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/x86_64/nnn/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/archlinux-rolling-blue.svg?maxAge=600" alt="Arch Linux" /></a>
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<a href="https://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=nnn&searchon=names&exact=1"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/debian-10+-blue.svg?maxAge=2592000" alt="Debian Buster+" /></a>
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<a href="https://apps.fedoraproject.org/packages/nnn"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/fedora-27+-blue.svg?maxAge=2592000" alt="Fedora 27+" /></a>
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<a href="https://software.opensuse.org/package/nnn"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/opensuse%20leap-15.0+-blue.svg?maxAge=2592000" alt="openSUSE Leap 15.0+" /></a>
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<a href="https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=nnn&searchon=names&exact=1"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/ubuntu-17.10+-blue.svg?maxAge=2592000" alt="Ubuntu Artful+" /></a>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://travis-ci.org/jarun/nnn"><img src="https://img.shields.io/travis/jarun/nnn/master.svg" alt="Build Status" /></a>
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<a href="https://github.com/jarun/nnn/blob/master/LICENSE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-BSD%202--Clause-yellow.svg?maxAge=2592000" alt="License" /></a>
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</p>
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[](https://vimeo.com/233223942 "Click to see nnn in action!")
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<p align="center"><i>nnn in action! (click to play video)</i></a></p>
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`nnn` is probably the [fastest and most resource-sensitive](#performance) file manager you have ever used. It integrates seamlessly with your DE and favourite GUI utilities, has a unique [navigate-as-you-type](#navigate-as-you-type-mode) mode with auto-select, disk usage analyzer mode, bookmarks, contexts, application launcher, familiar navigation shortcuts, subshell spawning and much more.
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[Integrate utilities](https://github.com/jarun/nnn#sample-scripts) like sxiv or fzy easily; `nnn` supports as many scripts as you need!
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It runs on Linux, OS X, Raspberry Pi, Cygwin, Linux subsystem for Windows and Termux.
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[Quickstart](#quickstart) and see how `nnn` simplifies those long desktop sessions... Missing a feature? Want to contribute? Head to the rolling [ToDo list](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/issues/110).
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*Love smart and efficient utilities? Explore [my repositories](https://github.com/jarun?tab=repositories). Buy me a cup of coffee if they help you.*
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=RMLTQ76JSXJ4Q"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/PayPal-donate-green.svg" alt="Donate via PayPal!" /></a>
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</p>
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#### TABLE OF CONTENTS
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- [Features](#features)
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- [Performance](#performance)
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- [Installation](#installation)
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- [Dependencies](#dependencies)
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- [From a package manager](#from-a-package-manager)
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- [Release packages](#release-packages)
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- [From source](#from-source)
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- [Shell completion](#shell-completion)
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- [Usage](#usage)
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- [Cmdline options](#cmdline-options)
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- [Keyboard shortcuts](#keyboard-shortcuts)
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- [Leader key](#leader-key)
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- [Contexts](#contexts)
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- [Filters](#filters)
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- [Navigate-as-you-type mode](#navigate-as-you-type-mode)
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- [File indicators](#file-indicators)
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- [File handling](#file-handling)
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- [Help](#help)
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- [Quickstart](#quickstart)
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- [How to](#how-to)
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- [add bookmarks](#add-bookmarks)
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- [copy file paths](#copy-file-paths)
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- [selection](#selection)
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- [quote paths](#quote-paths)
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- [to clipboard](#to-clipboard)
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- [cd on quit](#cd-on-quit)
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- [run custom scripts](#run-custom-scripts)
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- [sample scripts](#sample-scripts)
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- [change dir color](#change-dir-color)
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- [integrate patool](#integrate-patool)
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- [work faster at rename prompt](#work-faster-at-rename-prompt)
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- [set idle timeout](#set-idle-timeout)
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- [show hot plugged drives](#show-hot-plugged-drives)
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- [tmux configuration](#tmux-configuration)
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- [BSD terminal issue](#bsd-terminal-issue)
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- [Why fork?](#why-fork)
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- [Mentions](#mentions)
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- [Developers](#developers)
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#### FEATURES
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- Modes
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- Basic, detail (default), disk usage analyzer (du)
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- Navigation
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- Familiar, easy shortcuts (arrows, `~`, `-`, `&`)
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- *Navigate-as-you-type* with auto-select directory
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- Contexts (_aka_ tabs _aka_ workspaces)
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- Bookmarks
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- Pin and visit a directory
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- Sorting
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- Directories always listed on top
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- Sort by file name, modification time, size
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- Numeric order for numeric names (visit _/proc_)
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- Search
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- Instant filtering with *search-as-you-type*
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- Mimes
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- Open with desktop opener or specify a custom app
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- Create, list, extract archives (needs (p)atool)
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- Open all text files in EDITOR (optional)
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- Information
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- Detailed stat-like file information
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- Media information (needs mediainfo/exiftool)
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- Convenience
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- Create, rename files and directories
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- Select multiple files; copy, move, delete selection
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- Batch rename/move/delete (needs vidir)
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- Show directories in custom color (default: blue)
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- Spawn a subshell in the current directory
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- Run custom scripts in the current directory
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- Change directory at exit (*easy* shell integration)
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- Edit file in EDITOR or open in PAGER
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- GUI app launcher (up to 2 space-separated args)
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- Terminal locker integration
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- Unicode support
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- Highly optimized, static analysis integrated code
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- Available on many distros
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#### PERFORMANCE
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`nnn` vs. ncdu memory usage in disk usage analyzer mode (400K files on disk):
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<pre>
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PID USER PR NI VIRT <b>RES</b> SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
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5034 vaio 20 0 71628 <b>59932</b> 2412 S 0.0 0.7 0:01.22 ncdu /
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4949 vaio 20 0 14812 <b>3616</b> 2560 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.83 nnn -S /
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</pre>
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`nnn` vs. midnight commander vs. ranger memory usage while viewing a directory with 13.5K files, sorted by size:
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<pre>
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PID USER PR NI VIRT <b>RES</b> SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
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31885 vaio 20 0 139720 <b>91220</b> 8460 S 0.0 1.1 0:02.96 /usr/bin/python -O /usr/bin/ranger
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30108 vaio 20 0 72152 <b>12468</b> 7336 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.06 mc
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30168 vaio 20 0 16476 <b>5072</b> 2640 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.22 nnn -c 1 -i
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</pre>
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Intrigued? Find out [HOW](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/wiki/performance-factors).
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#### INSTALLATION
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#### Dependencies
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`nnn` needs libncursesw (on Linux or ncurses on OS X) and standard libc.
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#### From a package manager
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- [Arch Linux](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/x86_64/nnn/) (`pacman -S nnn`)
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- [Debian](https://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=nnn&searchon=names&exact=1) (`apt-get install nnn`)
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- [Fedora](https://apps.fedoraproject.org/packages/nnn) (`dnf install nnn`)
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- [FreeBSD](https://www.freshports.org/misc/nnn) (`pkg install nnn`)
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- [Gentoo](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-misc/nnn) (`emerge nnn`)
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- [Homebrew](http://formulae.brew.sh/formula/nnn) (`brew install nnn`)
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- [NixOS](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/pkgs/applications/misc/nnn) (`nix-env -i nnn`)
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- [OpenBSD](https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/ports/sysutils/nnn/) (`pkg_add nnn`)
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- [openSUSE](https://software.opensuse.org/package/nnn) (and packages for several other distros) (`zypper in nnn`)
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- [Raspbian Testing](https://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian/pool/main/n/nnn/) (`apt-get install nnn`)
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- [Slackware](http://slackbuilds.org/repository/14.2/system/nnn/) (`slackpkg install nnn`)
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- [Source Mage](http://codex.sourcemage.org/test/shell-term-fm/nnn/) (`cast nnn`)
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- [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-packages/tree/master/packages/nnn) (`pkg in nnn`)
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- [Ubuntu](https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=nnn&searchon=names&exact=1) (`apt-get install nnn`)
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- [Ubuntu PPA](https://launchpad.net/~twodopeshaggy/+archive/ubuntu/jarun/) (`apt-get install nnn`)
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- [Void Linux](https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/tree/master/srcpkgs/nnn) (`xbps-install -S nnn`)
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#### Release packages
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Packages for Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Fedora and Ubuntu are available with the [latest stable release](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/releases/latest).
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#### From source
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To cook yourself, download the [latest stable release](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/releases/latest) or clone this repository (*risky*). Then install the dependencies and compile (e.g. on Ubuntu 16.04):
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$ sudo apt-get install pkg-config libncursesw5-dev
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$ make
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$ sudo make install
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`PREFIX` is supported, in case you want to install to a different location.
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#### Shell completion
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Search keyword and option completion scripts for Bash, Fish and Zsh can be found in respective subdirectories of [`scripts/auto-completion/`](scripts/auto-completion). Please refer to your shell's manual for installation instructions.
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#### USAGE
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#### Cmdline options
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```
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usage: nnn [-b key] [-c N] [-e] [-i] [-l]
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[-p file] [-S] [-v] [-h] [PATH]
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The missing terminal file manager for X.
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positional args:
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PATH start dir [default: current dir]
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optional args:
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-b key bookmark key to open
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-c N dir color, disables if N>7
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-e use exiftool instead of mediainfo
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-i start in navigate-as-you-type mode
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-l start in light mode
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-p file copy selection to file (stdout if '-')
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-S start in disk usage analyser mode
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-v show program version
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-h show this help
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```
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`>` indicates the currently selected entry in `nnn`.
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#### Keyboard shortcuts
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Press <kbd>?</kbd> in `nnn` to see the list anytime.
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```
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NAVIGATION
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↑, k, ^P Up PgUp, ^U Scroll up
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↓, j, ^N Down PgDn, ^D Scroll down
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Home, g, ^, ^A First entry ~ Go HOME
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End, G, $, ^E Last entry & Start dir
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←, Bksp, h, ^H Parent dir - Last visited dir
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→, ↵, l, ^M Open file/enter dir . Toggle show hidden
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/ Filter Ins, ^I Toggle nav-as-you-type
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b Pin current dir ^W Go to pinned dir
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`, ^/ Leader key LeaderN Switch to context N
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Esc Exit prompt ^L Redraw, clear prompt
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^G Quit and cd q Quit context
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Q, ^Q Quit ? Help, config
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FILES
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^O Open with... n Create new
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D File details d Toggle detail view
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^R Rename entry r Open dir in vidir
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Y, ^Y Toggle selection y List selection
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⎵, ^K Copy entry path ^T Toggle path quote
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P Copy selection X Delete selection
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V Move selection ^X Delete entry
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f Archive entry F List archive
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^F Extract archive m, M Brief/full media info
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e Edit in EDITOR p Open in PAGER
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ORDER
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^J Toggle du mode S Toggle apparent size
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s Toggle sort by size t Toggle sort by mtime
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MISC
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o Launch GUI app !, ^] Spawn SHELL in dir
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R Run custom script L Lock terminal
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```
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Help & settings, file details, media info and archive listing are shown in the PAGER. Please use the PAGER-specific keys in these screens.
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#### Leader key
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The Leader key (<kbd>`</kbd> or <kbd>^/</kbd>) provides a powerful multi-functional navigation mechanism. It is case-sensitive and understands contexts, bookmarks and handy location shortcuts.
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| Key | Function |
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|:---:| --- |
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| <kbd>1-4</kbd> | Go to selected context |
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| <kbd>></kbd>, <kbd>.</kbd> | Go to next active context |
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| <kbd><</kbd>, <kbd>,</kbd> | Go to previous active context |
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| key | Go to bookmarked location |
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| <kbd>~</kbd> | Go to HOME directory |
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| <kbd>-</kbd> | Go to last visited directory |
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| <kbd>&</kbd> | Go to start directory |
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| <kbd>q</kbd> | Quit context |
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#### Contexts
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Contexts serve the purpose of exploring multiple directories simultaneously. 4 contexts are available. The status of the contexts are shown in the top left corner:
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- the current context is in reverse
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- other used contexts are underlined
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- rest are unused
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To switch to a context press the Leader key followed by the context number (1-4).
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The first time a context is entered, it copies the state of the last visited context. Each context remembers its start directory and last visited directory.
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When a context is quit, the next active context is selected. If the last active context is quit, the program quits.
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#### Filters
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Filters support regexes to instantly (search-as-you-type) list the matching entries in the current directory.
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Ways to exit filter prompt:
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- press <kbd>^L</kbd> to clear filter followed by <kbd>Bksp</kbd> (to clear the filter symbol, like vi)
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- at other prompts <kbd>^L</kbd> followed by <kbd>Enter</kbd> discards all changes and exits prompt
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- run a search with no matches and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>
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Common use cases:
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- to list all matches starting with the filter expression, start the expression with a `^` (caret) symbol
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- type `\.mkv` to list all MKV files
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- use `.*` to match any character (_sort of_ fuzzy search)
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If `nnn` is invoked as root or the environment variable `NNN_SHOW_HIDDEN` is set the default filter will also match hidden files.
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#### Navigate-as-you-type mode
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In this mode directories are opened in filter mode, allowing continuous navigation. Works best with the **arrow keys**.
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In case of only one match and it's a directory, `nnn` auto selects the directory and enters it in this mode. To disable this behaviour,
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export NNN_NO_AUTOSELECT=1
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#### File indicators
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The following indicators are used in the detail view:
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| Indicator | File Type |
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|:---:| --- |
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| `/` | Directory |
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| `*` | Executable |
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| <code>|</code> | Fifo |
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| `=` | Socket |
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| `@` | Symbolic Link |
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| `@/` | Symbolic Link to directory |
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| `b` | Block Device |
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| `c` | Character Device |
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#### File handling
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| External dependency | Operation |
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| --- | --- |
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| xdg-open (Linux), open(1) (OS X), cygstart (Cygwin) | desktop opener |
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| file | determine file type |
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| cp, mv, rm | copy, move and remove files |
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| mediainfo, exiftool | multimedia file details |
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| atool, patool ([integration](#integrate-patool)) | create, list and extract archives |
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| vidir (from moreutils) | batch rename, move, delete dir entries |
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| vlock (Linux), bashlock (OS X), lock(1) (BSD) | terminal locker |
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| $EDITOR (overridden by $VISUAL, if defined) | edit files (fallback vi) |
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| $PAGER | page through files (fallback less) |
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| $SHELL | spawn a shell, run script (fallback sh) |
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- To edit all text files in EDITOR (preferably CLI, fallback vi):
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export NNN_USE_EDITOR=1
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#### Help
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$ nnn -h
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$ man nnn
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To lookup keyboard shortcuts at runtime, press <kbd>?</kbd>.
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#### QUICKSTART
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1. Install the [utilities required](#file-handling) for your regular activities.
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2. Configure [cd on quit](#cd-on-quit).
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3. Optionally open all text files in EDITOR (fallback vi):
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export NNN_USE_EDITOR=1
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4. Run `n`.
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5. Press <kbd>?</kbd> for help on keyboard shortcuts anytime.
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6. For additional functionality [setup custom scripts](#run-custom-scripts).
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#### HOW TO
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#### add bookmarks
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Set environment variable `NNN_BMS` as a string of `key_char:location` pairs (max 10) separated by semicolons (`;`):
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export NNN_BMS='d:~/Documents;u:/home/user/Cam Uploads;D:~/Downloads/'
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NOTE: Bookmark keys should be single-character to use them in combination with the Leader key.
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#### copy file paths
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##### selection
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Use <kbd>^K</kbd> to copy the absolute path of the file under the cursor.
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To copy multiple absolute file paths:
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- press <kbd>^Y</kbd> (or <kbd>Y</kbd>) to enter selection mode. In this mode it's possible to
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- cherry-pick individual files one by one by pressing <kbd>^K</kbd> on each entry; or,
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- navigate to another file in the same directory to select a range of files
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- press <kbd>^Y</kbd> (or <kbd>Y</kbd>) _again_ to copy the paths and exit the selection mode
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The files in the list can now be copied (<kbd>P</kbd>), moved (<kbd>V</kbd>) or removed (<kbd>X</kbd>).
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To list the file paths copied to memory press <kbd>y</kbd>.
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File paths are copied to the temporary file `DIR/.nnncp`, where `DIR` (by priority) is:
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$HOME or,
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$TMPDIR or,
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/tmp
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To see the path to the temporary copy file, run `nnn`, press <kbd>?</kbd> and look up `copy file`.
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To use the copied paths from the cmdline, use command substitution. For example, if `DIR` above is `/home/user`:
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# bash/zsh
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ls -ltr `cat /home/user/.nnncp`
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ls -ltr $(cat /home/user/.nnncp)
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# fish
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ls -ltr (cat /home/user/.nnncp)
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An alias may be handy:
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alias ncp='cat /home/user/.nnncp'
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so you can easily handle files together:
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# bash/zsh
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ls -ltr `ncp`
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ls -ltr $(ncp)
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# fish
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ls -ltr (ncp)
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##### quote paths
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To wrap each file path within single quotes while selecting:
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export NNN_QUOTE_ON=1
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This is particularly useful if you are planning to copy the whole string to the shell to run a command. Quotes can be toggled at runtime using <kbd>^T</kbd>.
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Note that the filename is not escaped. So copying may still fail for filenames having quote(s) in them.
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##### to clipboard
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Along with default copy, `nnn` can pipe the absolute path of the current file or multiple files to a copier script. For example, you can use `xsel` on Linux or `pbcopy` on OS X.
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Sample Linux copier script:
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#!/bin/sh
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# comment the next line to convert newlines to spaces
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IFS=
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echo -n $1 | xsel --clipboard --input
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export `NNN_COPIER`:
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export NNN_COPIER="/path/to/copier.sh"
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#### cd on quit
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To quit `nnn` and switch to the directory last opened follow the instructions below.
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Pick the appropriate file for your shell from [`scripts/quitcd`](scripts/quitcd) and add the contents to your shell's rc file. You'll need to spawn a new shell for the change to take effect. You should start `nnn` as `n` (or modify the function name to something else). To change directory on quit press `^G` while exiting.
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As you might notice, `nnn` uses the environment variable `NNN_TMPFILE` to write the last visited directory path. You can change it.
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#### run custom scripts
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`nnn` can invoke custom scripts with the currently selected file name as argument 1.
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Export the path to the custom executable script:
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export NNN_SCRIPT=/usr/local/bin/nscript
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Press <kbd>R</kbd> to run the script in the current directory.
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It's possible to run multiple scripts with `nnn` as long as the scripts are in the same location and share the same prefix. To enable multiple scripts,
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export NNN_MULTISCRIPT=1
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With the example of `NNN_SCRIPT` above, some more scripts could be:
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/usr/local/bin/nscript1
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/usr/local/bin/nscript2
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/usr/local/bin/nscriptcustom1
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/usr/local/bin/nscriptcustom2
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and so on...
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Type the correct suffix when prompted on pressing the keybind <kbd>R</kbd>. To use the base script (`NNN_SCRIPT`), just press <kbd>Enter</kbd>.
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##### sample scripts
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- Open image files in current dir in **sxiv**:
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#!/usr/bin/env sh
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sxiv -q * >/dev/null 2>&1
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- Fuzzy find files in **fzy** and open with xdg-open:
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#!/usr/bin/env sh
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xdg-open $(find -type f | fzy) >/dev/null 2>&1
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#### change dir color
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The default color for directories is blue. Option `-c` accepts color codes from 0 to 7 to use a different color:
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0-black, 1-red, 2-green, 3-yellow, 4-blue, 5-magenta, 6-cyan, 7-white
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Any other value disables colored directories.
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#### integrate patool
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On systems where `atool` is not available but `patool` is, drop two copies of the Python3 script [natool](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/blob/master/scripts/natool) as `atool` and `apack` somewhere in `$PATH`.
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#### work faster at rename prompt
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The rename prompt supports some bash-like command-line shortcuts - <kbd>^A</kbd>, <kbd>^E</kbd>, <kbd>^U</kbd>. <kbd>^L</kbd> clears the name.
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#### set idle timeout
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The terminal locker is disabled by default. To set the wait time in seconds, use environment variable `NNN_IDLE_TIMEOUT`.
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#### show hot plugged drives
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Enable volume management in your DE file manager and set removable drives or media to be auto-mounted when inserted. Then visit the usual mount point location (`/mnt` or `/media/user`) in `nnn`.
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#### tmux configuration
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`nnn` might not handle keypresses correctly when used with tmux (see issue #104 for more details). Set `TERM=xterm-256color` to address it.
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#### BSD terminal issue
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By default in OpenBSD & FreeBSD, `stty` maps <kbd>^Y</kbd> to `DSUSP`. This means that typing <kbd>^Y</kbd> will suspend `nnn` as if you typed <kbd>^Z</kbd> (you can bring `nnn` back to the foreground by issuing `fg`) instead of entering multi-copy mode. You can check this with `stty -a`. If it includes the text "`dsusp = ^Y`", issuing `stty dsusp undef` will disable this `DSUSP` and let `nnn` receive the <kbd>^Y</kbd> instead.
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#### WHY FORK?
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`nnn` was initially forked from [noice](http://git.2f30.org/noice/) but is significantly [different](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/wiki/nnn-vs.-noice) today. I chose to fork because:
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- one can argue my approach deviates from the goal of the original project - keep the utility `suckless`. `noice` was rudimentary. In my opinion evolution is the taste of time.
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- I would like to have a bit of control on what features are added in the name of desktop integration. A feature-bloat is the last thing in my mind. Check out [nnn design considerations](https://github.com/jarun/nnn/wiki/nnn-design-considerations) for more details.
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#### MENTIONS
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- [FOSSMint](https://www.fossmint.com/nnn-linux-terminal-file-browser/)
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- [It's FOSS](https://itsfoss.com/nnn-file-browser-linux/)
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- [LinuxLinks](https://www.linuxlinks.com/nnn-fast-and-flexible-file-manager/)
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- [Ubuntu Full Circle Magazine - Issue 135](https://fullcirclemagazine.org/issue-135/)
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#### DEVELOPERS
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1. Copyright © 2014-2016 Lazaros Koromilas
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2. Copyright © 2014-2016 Dimitris Papastamos
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3. Copyright © 2016-2018 [Arun Prakash Jana](https://github.com/jarun)
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